Higher Secondary 1st Year
Class - 11 (English)
LANDSCAPE OF THE SOUL
Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
āĻĒাāĻ āϤ āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻিāĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻŦোā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°āĻ। āĻĒ্ā§°āϏংāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ
āύুāĻŽাāύ āĻā§°া।
anecdote
illusionistic likeness
delicate realism
conceptual space
figurative painting
āĻāĻĒাāĻ্āϝাāύ
āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŦাāĻĻী āϏāĻĻৃāĻļāϤা
āϏূāĻ্āώ্āĻŽ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāĻŦাāĻĻ
āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ
āϞাāĻ্āώāĻŖিāĻ āĻিāϤ্ā§°
Answer:-
Anecdote:- From the text, the meaning of anecdote can be inferred as a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or exciting nature.
āĻāĻĒাāĻ্āϝাāύ:- āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°া, āĻāĻĒাāĻ্āϝাāύ⧰ āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻāĻা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻāĻāύা āĻŦা āĻāĻāύাā§° āĻāĻŽু āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻ
āύুāĻŽাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻৈ āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖীāϝ় āĻŦা ā§°োāĻŽাāĻ্āĻāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤিā§°।
delicate realism:- It refers to the alluring quality of the art which makes it seem real. It is an interest in or concern for the actual or real as opposed to abstract.
āϏূāĻ্āώ্āĻŽ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāĻŦাāĻĻ:- āĻ āĻāϞাāĻোā§° āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖীāϝ় āĻুāĻŖাāĻুāĻŖāĻ āĻŦুāĻাāϝ় āϝিāĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āϝেāύ āϞাāĻে। āĻ āĻŦিāĻŽূā§°্āϤ⧰ āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻŦা āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻŦা āĻিāύ্āϤা।
illusionistic likeness:- It refers to an adjective of the technique of using pictorial methods in order to deceive the eye. The reference is to an illusion created by the semblance of something.
āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŦাāĻĻী āϏāĻĻৃāĻļāϤা:- āĻ āĻāĻুāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাā§°āĻŖা āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻৌāĻļāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖāĻŦুāĻাāϝ়। āĻĒ্ā§°āϏংāĻāĻো āĻšৈāĻে āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻাāϏ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻšোā§ąা āĻāĻ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে
figurative painting:- A figurative painting refers to the metaphoric representation of a piece of art, through the eyes of the creator's imagination.
āϞাāĻ্āώāĻŖিāĻ āĻিāϤ্ā§°:- āĻāĻা āϞাāĻ্āώāĻŖিāĻ āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻ āϏৃāώ্āĻিāĻā§°্āϤাā§° āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύাā§° āĻāĻুā§°ে āĻāĻা āĻāϞাā§° ā§°ূāĻĒāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦāĻ āĻŦুāĻাāϝ়।
conceptual space:- It refers to relation with the abstract than the factual representation. This is the incalculable dimension of the understanding of concepts.
āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ:- āĻ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦāϤāĻৈ āĻŦিāĻŽূā§°্āϤ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻŦুāĻাāϝ়। āĻāĻāĻো āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦুāĻিā§° āĻ
āĻāĻŖāύীāϝ় āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া।
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
1.
I) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples.
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻā§°োāĻĒীāϝ় āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāϞাā§° āĻীāύা āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ।
Answer:- The Chinese paintings are based on imaginative, inner or spiritual approach whereas the european paintings reproduce an actual view, of an external or real object. The paintings of the Wu daozi and mater painters of Europe illustrate the difference.
āĻীāύা āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύাāĻļীāϞ, āĻāĻ্āϝāύ্āϤ⧰ীāĻŖ āĻŦা āĻāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāϧাā§°িāϤ āĻāύāĻšাāϤে āĻāĻā§°োāĻĒীāϝ় āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§°ে āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻš্āϝিāĻ āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻā§°ে। āĻ āĻĻাāĻāĻি āĻā§°ু āĻāĻā§°োāĻĒā§° āĻŽেāĻাā§° āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻিāϤ্ā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻšে āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝāĻো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ে।
ii)Explain the concept of shanshui.
āĻļাāύāĻুāĻā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
Answer:- Shanshui, meaning "mountain-water", refers to a style of Chinese painting that involves natural landscapes, the landscape which is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space. It represents the two complementary poles(yin and young) reflecting the Daoist view of the universe.
āĻļাāύāĻুāĻ, āϝাā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻে "āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤ-āĻĒাāύী", āĻীāύা āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻāϞাā§° āĻāĻ āĻļৈāϞী āĻ'āϞে āϝ'āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝ, āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻĒāĻ āĻ
āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে āϝি āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āϝāύ্āϤ⧰ীāĻŖ, āĻāĻ āĻāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ āĻā§°ু āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ। āĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্ā§°āĻš্āĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻĻাāĻāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻী āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āĻā§°া āĻĻুāĻা āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ āĻŽেā§°ু (āϝ়িāύ āĻā§°ু āĻĄেāĻা) āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻā§°ে।
2.
i) What do you understand by the terms 'outsider art' and 'art brut' or 'raw art'.
'āĻāĻāĻāĻাāĻāĻĄাā§° āĻā§°্āĻ' āĻā§°ু 'āĻā§°্āĻ āĻŦ্ā§°ুāĻ' āĻŦা 'āĻেঁāĻা āĻāϞা' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻি āĻŦুāĻি āĻĒাāϝ়।
Answer:- 'Outsider art' refers to thoe art who have no right to be artists as they have receieved no formal training yet show talent and artistic insight. 'Art brut' or 'raw art' are the works of art in their raw state as regards cultural and artistic influences.
'āĻāĻāĻāĻাāĻāĻĄাā§° āĻā§°্āĻ'ā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻে āĻĨ'āĻā§°্āĻ āϝাā§° āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻোāύো āĻ
āϧিāĻাā§° āύাāĻ āĻিāϝ়āύো āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻোāύো āĻāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāĻ āϤāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻļৈāϞ্āĻĒিāĻ āĻ
āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻĻৃāώ্āĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āĻā§°ে। āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻāϞাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ 'āĻā§°্āĻ āĻŦ্ā§°ুāĻ' āĻŦা 'āĻেঁāĻা āĻāϞা' āĻšৈāĻে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻেঁāĻা āĻ
ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻā§°্āĻŽ।
ii) Who was the "untutored genius who created a paradise" and what is the nature of his contribution to art?
"āϏ্āĻŦā§°্āĻāϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°া āĻ
āĻļিāĻ্āώিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻা" āĻোāύ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāϞাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻ
ā§ąāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤি āĻি?
Answer:- The "untutored genius" who created "paradise" was Nek Chand, an 80- year old creator-director who made the world famous rock garden at Chandigarh. His was an 'outsider art' in which he sculpted with stone and recycled materials. He used anything and everything from a tin to a sink to a broken down car to from an artistic piece. One of his famous creations are 'Women by the Waterfall'.
"āϏ্āĻŦā§°্āĻ" āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°া "āĻ
āĻļিāĻ্āώিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻা" āĻāĻিāϞ āύেāĻ āĻাāύ্āĻĻ, āĻāĻāύ 80 āĻŦāĻā§°ীāϝ়া āϏৃāώ্āĻিāĻā§°্āϤা-āĻĒā§°িāĻাāϞāĻ āϝি āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāĻāĻĄ়āϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ ā§°āĻ āĻাā§°্āĻĄেāύ āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻা 'āĻŦāĻšিā§°াāĻāϤ āĻāϞা' āĻāĻিāϞ āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻļিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻĒুāύ⧰্āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϝোāĻ্āϝ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§°ে āĻŽূā§°্āϤি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻিংāĻāϞৈāĻে āϝিāĻোāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻā§°ু āϏāĻāϞো āĻŦোā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻা āĻāĻা āĻাāĻĄ়ীāϞৈāĻে āĻāĻা āĻļৈāϞ্āĻĒিāĻ āĻুāĻুā§°াāϞৈāĻে। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻা āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻšৈāĻে 'ā§ąāĻŽেāύ āĻŦাāĻ āĻĻা ā§ąাāĻাā§°āĻĢāϞ'।
Talking about the Text
āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻĨা āĻĒাāϤি āĻāĻে
Discuss the following statements in groups of four.
āĻাā§°িāĻāύীāϝ়া āĻোāĻāϤ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
1. "The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but only the artist knows the way within".
"āϏāĻŽ্ā§°াāĻে āϤেāĻঁ āĻāϝ় āĻā§°া āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻļাāϏāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϝ়েāĻšে āĻিāϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻাāύে"।
Answer:- This sentence explains the fact that even though an Emperor might rule an entire kingdom ave power over his conquered territory , only an artist would be able to go beyond any material appearance. He knows both the path and the method of the mysterious work of the universe. True meaning of his work can be seen only by means known to him, irrespective of how powerful an emperor is.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻোā§ąে āĻāĻ āϏāϤ্āϝāĻো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ে āϝে āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻāĻāύ āϏāĻŽ্ā§°াāĻে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŦিāĻāϝ়ী āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ্ā§° ā§°াāĻ্āϝ⧰ āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤা āĻļাāϏāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে, āϤāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻāĻāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϝ়েāĻšে āϝিāĻোāύো āĻৌāϤিāĻ ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϤ āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্ā§°āĻš্āĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° ā§°āĻšāϏ্āϝāĻŽāϝ় āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻĒāĻĨ āĻā§°ু āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা āĻাāύে। āĻāĻāύ āϏāĻŽ্ā§°াāĻ āϝিāĻŽাāύেāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āύāĻšāĻঁāĻ āĻিāϝ় āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻেā§ąāϞ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻ্āĻাāϤ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়েā§°েāĻšে āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ়।
2. "The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space".
"āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻĒāĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āϝāύ্āϤ⧰ীāĻŖ, āĻāĻ āĻāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ āĻā§°ু āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ"।
Answer:- This phrase explains The Chinese art from where a Chinese painter wants you to enter his mind rather than borrow his eyes. This is a physical as well as a mental participation. It is a landscape created by the artist to travel up and down, and back again, through the viewer's eyes. The landscape is not 'real' and can be reached from any point.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļāĻোā§ąে āĻীāύা āĻāϞাāĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°ে āϝ'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻāύ āĻীāύা āĻিāϤ্ā§°āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে āϝে āĻāĻĒুāύি āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻু āϧাā§° āϞোā§ąাā§° āϏāϞāύি āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŽāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āĻā§°āĻ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻা āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ āĻā§°ু āϞāĻāϤে āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ āĻ
ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ। āĻāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻে āĻĻā§°্āĻļāĻā§° āĻāĻুā§°ে āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻā§°ু āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°ু āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻূā§°ি āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϝ়ে āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°া āĻāĻ āϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄāϏ্āĻেāĻĒ। āϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄāϏ্āĻেāĻĒāĻো 'āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą' āύāĻšāϝ় āĻā§°ু āϝিāĻোāύো āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĒāύীāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
THINKING ABOUT THE LANGUAGE
āĻাāώাāĻোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻā§°া
1.Find out the correlates of Yin and Yang in other cultures.
āĻ
āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāϤ āϝ়িāύ āĻā§°ু āϝ়াāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻāĻ।
Answer:- The Indian culture lays stress on Nature and God. Nature is the 'yen' or female part whereas God the creator, is the male part. This concept also known as 'Maya' or 'Brahma' The combination of two creates the whole world, all it objects and also inhabitants.
āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāϝ়ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤি āĻā§°ু āĻāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻā§°োāĻĒ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤি āĻšৈāĻে 'āϝ়েāύ' āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻ
ংāĻļ āĻāύāĻšাāϤে āĻāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āϏৃāώ্āĻিāĻā§°্āϤা, āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻ
ংāĻļ। āĻāĻ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻোāĻ 'āĻŽাāϝ়া' āĻŦা 'āĻŦ্ā§°āĻš্āĻŽা' āĻŦুāϞিāĻ āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়, āĻĻুāĻাā§° āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖে āϏāĻŽāĻ্ā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী, āϏāĻāϞো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻā§°ু āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻাāϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°ে।
2. What is the language spoken in Flanders?
āĻĢ্āϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°্āĻāϤ āĻোā§ąা āĻাāώাāĻো āĻি?
Answer:- 'French language spoken in Flanders which is a region in Belgium.
āĻĢ্āϞেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°্āĻāϤ āĻোā§ąা āĻĢā§°াāĻী āĻাāώা āϝি āĻŦেāϞāĻিāϝ়াāĻŽā§° āĻāĻা āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞ।
WORKING WITH WORDS
āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া
I. The following common words are used in more than one sense.
panel, studio, brush, essence, material
Examine the following sets of sentences to find out what the words,'panel' and 'essence' mean in different contexts.
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨāϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
āĻĒেāύেāϞ, āώ্āĻুāĻĄিāĻ
', āĻŦ্ā§°াāĻ, āĻāĻেāύ্āϏ, āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী
āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏāĻ্āĻāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, 'āĻĒেāύেāϞ' āĻā§°ু 'āĻāĻেāĻ্āĻ'ā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি āĻাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°āĻ।
1. i) The masks from Bawa village in Mali look like long panels of decorated wood.
āĻŽাāϞীā§° āĻŦাā§ąা āĻাঁā§ąā§° āĻŽুāĻাāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻোā§ąা āĻাāĻ ā§° āĻĻীāĻāϞ āĻĒেāύেāϞ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻĻেāĻাāϝাāϝ়
ii). Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard the reports.
āĻŦিāĻাā§°āĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻšোāĻŦাā§°্āĻ āĻ্ā§°ুāĻŽāĻে āĻুā§°ী āĻĒেāύেāϞāĻ āĻৈāĻিāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻঁ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύāĻŦোā§° āĻļুāύিāĻিāϞ।
iii) The panel is laying the groundwork for an international treaty.
āĻĒেāύেāϞে āĻāĻāύ āĻāύ্āϤ⧰্āĻাāϤিāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻিāϤ্āϤি āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻে।
iv)The glass panels of the window were broken.
āĻিā§°িāĻীā§° āĻাঁāĻā§° āĻĒেāύেāϞāĻŦোā§° āĻাāĻি āĻৈāĻিāϞ।
v) Through the many round tables, workshops and panel discussions, a consensus was reached.
āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤাāĻাā§° āϤাāϞিāĻা, āĻā§°্āĻŽāĻļাāϞা āĻā§°ু āĻĒেāύেāϞ āĻāϞোāĻāύাā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāĻ āϏāĻšāĻŽāϤ āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
vi) The sink in the hinged panel above the bunk drains into the head.
āĻŦাংāĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻšিংāĻĄ āĻĒেāύেāϞ⧰ āĻিংāĻāĻো āĻŽূā§°āϤ āύāϞা āĻšāϝ়।
Answer:-
1. Panel
i)boards of decorated wood
ii) group of men selected to give unanimous verdict on a legal case.
iii)group of experts.
iv) window panes
v) group discussions.
vi) a flat board fixed with a hinge.
ā§§) āĻĒেāύেāϞ
āĻ)āϏāĻ্āĻিāϤ āĻাāĻ ā§° āĻŦোā§°্āĻĄ
āĻ) āĻāĻāύী āĻোāĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦāϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ ā§°াāϝ় āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻিāϤ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻোāĻ।
āĻ)āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ্āĻā§° āĻোāĻ।
āĻ) āĻāĻāύ্āĻĄো āĻĒেāĻāύ
āĻ) āĻোāĻ āĻāϞোāĻāύা।
āĻ) āĻāĻŦ্āĻাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻā§°া āĻĢ্āϞেāĻ āĻŦোā§°্āĻĄ।
2.
i) Their repetitive structure must have taught the people around the great composer the essence of music.
āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻĒুāύ⧰াāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻাঁāĻĨāύিāϝ়ে āύিāĻļ্āĻāϝ় āĻŽāĻšাāύ ā§°āĻāϝ়িāϤাā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āϞোāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āϏংāĻীāϤ⧰ āϏাā§°াংāĻļ āĻļিāĻাāĻāĻিāϞ।
ii) Part of the answer is in the proposition; but the essence is in the meaning.
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻāĻা āĻ
ংāĻļ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāϤ āĻāĻে; āĻিāύ্āϤু āϏাā§°াংāĻļāĻো āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨāϤ āĻāĻে।
iii) The implications of these schools of thought are of practical essence for the teacher.
āĻāĻ āĻিāύ্āϤাāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąāĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°িāĻ āϏাā§°াংāĻļ।
iv)They had added vanilla essence to the pudding.
āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻĒুāĻĄিāĻāϤ āĻেāύিāϞা āĻāĻেāύ্āϏ āϝোāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Answer:-
i) the most important quality of something that makes it what it is.
āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻুāĻŖ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻি āĻā§°ি āϤোāϞে।
ii) the main part.
āĻŽুāĻ্āϝ āĻ
ংāĻļ।
iii) practical importance.
āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°িāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ।
iv) liquid taken from vanilla that contains its smell and taste in very strong form.
āĻেāύিāϞাā§° āĻĒā§°া āϞোā§ąা āϤ⧰āϞ āϝ'āϤ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻোāύ্āϧ āĻā§°ু āϏোā§ąাāĻĻ āĻ
āϤি āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী ā§°ূāĻĒāϤ āĻĨাāĻে।
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