CHAPTER 16:EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

EXERCISES

1. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

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2. Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

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3. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false :

(a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.

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(b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.

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(c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.

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(d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.

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(e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

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4. Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.

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5. Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.

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6. Explain micturition.

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7. Match the items of column I with those of column II :

Column I Column II

(a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds 

(b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption

(c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish

(d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder

(d) ADH (v) Renal tubule

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8. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
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9. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic,
why ?

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10. What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?

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11. Name the following:
(a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
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(b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human
kidney
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(c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.

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12. Fill in the gaps :
(a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending
limb is _______ to it.

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(b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone
_______.

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(c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.

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(d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.

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