Psychiatric Disorders and Nursing Management
Q. Define schizophrenia. Explain types of schizophrenia. Describe symptoms of schizophrenia. Explain nursing management of schizophrenic patient
ANS :
Definition
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion and behavior, resulting in loss of contact with reality.
Types of Schizophrenia
1. Paranoid Schizophrenia
* Characterized by delusions and hallucinations
* Patient may become suspicious and fearful
* Commonly has delusion of persecution
2. Catatonic Schizophrenia
* Disturbance in movement and behavior
* Patient may remain silent and motionless
* May show rigidity or excessive excitement
3. Disorganized (Hebephrenic) Schizophrenia
* Disorganized speech and behavior
* Emotional expression is inappropriate
* Childish and silly behavior present
4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
* Symptoms of more than one type are present
* Does not fit into a single category
5. Residual Schizophrenia
* Mild symptoms remain after acute illness
* Social withdrawal and lack of interest common
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
1. Delusions
False fixed beliefs not based on reality.
2. Hallucinations
Hearing or seeing things that are not present.
3. Disorganized Speech
Irrelevant or confused talking.
4. Abnormal Behavior
Agitation, aggression or unusual actions.
Negative Symptoms
1. Lack of Emotion
Reduced emotional expression.
2. Social Withdrawal
Avoids family and social interaction.
3. Lack of Motivation
Unable to perform daily activities.
4. Poor Self-Care
Neglects hygiene and grooming.
Nursing Management of Schizophrenic Patient
1. Assessment
* Observe behavior and speech
* Assess hallucinations and delusions
* Check risk of suicide or violence
2. Establish Therapeutic Relationship
* Approach patient calmly and respectfully
* Build trust and rapport
3. Ensure Safety
* Remove harmful objects
* Prevent self-harm and violence
4. Manage Hallucinations and Delusions
* Do not argue with patient
* Present reality gently
* Encourage patient to express feelings
5. Administer Medications
* Give antipsychotic drugs as prescribed
* Observe side effects of medicines
6. Encourage Self-Care
* Assist in bathing, dressing and feeding
* Promote independence gradually
7. Improve Communication
* Use simple and clear language
* Give short instructions
8. Encourage Social Interaction
* Involve patient in group activities
* Reduce isolation
9. Health Education
* Teach patient and family about illness
* Explain importance of regular treatment
10. Rehabilitation
* Encourage vocational training
* Help patient return to normal life
Previous Year Questions Only
1. Define schizophrenia.
2. Explain types of schizophrenia.
3. Describe symptoms of schizophrenia.
4. Explain nursing management of schizophrenic patient.
5. Define mood disorder.
6. Explain causes of depression.
7. Describe signs and symptoms of depression.
8. Explain nursing management of depressive disorder.
9. Define mania.
10. Explain clinical features of mania.
11. Describe nursing care of manic patient.
12. Differentiate mania and depression.
13. Define anxiety disorder.
14. Explain types of anxiety disorders.
15. Describe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
16. Explain nursing management of anxiety disorder.
17. Define phobia.
18. Explain obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
19. Describe nursing management of OCD patient.
20. Define panic disorder.
21. Explain conversion disorder.
22. Define dissociative disorder.
23. Explain personality disorder.
24. Describe types of personality disorders.
25. Explain nursing management of personality disorders.
26. Define substance abuse.
27. Explain alcohol dependence syndrome.
28. Describe signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
29. Explain nursing management of alcohol withdrawal patient.
30. Define drug addiction.
31. Explain management of substance abuse disorder.
32. Define epilepsy.
33. Explain psychiatric aspects of epilepsy.
34. Define delirium.
35. Differentiate delirium and dementia.
36. Explain causes and symptoms of dementia.
37. Describe nursing management of dementia patient.
38. Define mental retardation/intellectual disability.
39. Explain causes of intellectual disability.
40. Describe prevention of intellectual disability.
41. Explain childhood psychiatric disorders.
42. Define autism spectrum disorder.
43. Explain attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
44. Describe nursing management of autistic child.
45. Define eating disorders.
46. Explain anorexia nervosa.
47. Explain bulimia nervosa.
48. Define suicidal behavior.
49. Explain warning signs of suicide.
50. Describe nursing management of suicidal patient.
51. Define psychiatric emergency.
52. Explain management of violent patient.
53. Explain crisis intervention.
54. Write short note on insomnia.
55. Write short note on hallucination.
56. Write short note on delusion.
57. Write short note on catatonia.
58. Write short note on psychosomatic disorder.
59. Explain nursing process in psychiatric disorders.
60. Describe rehabilitation of psychiatric patients.
