Chapter 4
"School leadership and Management"
āĻ āϤি āĻāĻŽু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ā§§ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°
ā§§। School Leadership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ, āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§°্āĻĨী āĻā§°ু āĻ
āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ
ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°āĻ āĻĒāĻĨ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ, āĻā§āϏাāĻš āĻā§°ু āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§াāĻ School Leadership āĻŦোāϞে।
⧍। School Management āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° human, material, financial āĻā§°ু academic resources āĻĒāϰিāĻāϞ্āĻĒিāϤāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§াāĻ School Management āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§Š। Educational Planning āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻāϤীā§াāĻৈ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ, āĻাāϰ্āϝāϏূāĻী, resources āĻā§°ু āϏāĻŽā§ āύিāϰ্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§াāĻ Educational Planning āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§Ē। Administrative Leadership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° administration, rules, records, resources āĻā§°ু organisational activities āϏুāώ্āĻ ুāĻাā§ąে āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা āĻā§°া āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāĻ Administrative Leadership āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§Ģ। Pedagogical Leadership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Teaching-learning process, curriculum, classroom practice āĻā§°ু learner achievement āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°িāϤ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāĻ Pedagogical Leadership āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§Ŧ। Learning Organization āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϝি organization-ā§° āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻļিāĻে, reflection āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āύিāĻā§° practice āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°ে āϤাāĻ Learning Organization āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§। Team Leadership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻāĻা team-āĻ common goal āĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ, āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻĒāĻĨ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āĻā§°াāĻে Team Leadership āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§Ž। Innovation āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻোāύো āĻাāĻŽ āĻ
āϧিāĻ āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻā§°ী āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύāϤুāύ idea, method āĻŦা practice āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°াāĻে Innovation āĻŦোāϞে।
⧝। Partnership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ School, parents, community āĻā§°ু āĻ
āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ common goal-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšোā§ąা āϏāĻšāϝোāĻিāϤাāĻ Partnership āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§Ļ। School Governance āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§āϤ decision-making, accountability, participation āĻā§°ু resource management-ā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°িāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ School Governance āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§§। Human Resource āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ, head teacher, staff āĻā§°ু āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϏāĻāϞāĻ Human Resource āĻŦোāϞে।
⧧⧍। Material Resource āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ School building, classroom, furniture, library, laboratory, ICT tools, TLM āĻāĻĻি physical resources-āĻ Material Resource āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§Š। Financial Resource āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাāϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ monetary resources-āĻ Financial Resource āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§Ē। TQM-ā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Total Quality Management।
ā§§ā§Ģ। Total Quality Management āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ organization-ā§° āϏāĻāϞো āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ⧰ āĻ
ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖেā§°ে āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ āĻুāĻŖāĻāϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ Total Quality Management āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§Ŧ। Whole School Approach āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° leadership, teacher, learner, curriculum, management, community āĻā§°ু resources-ā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻĻিāĻļ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীāĻ Whole School Approach āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§। Shared Leadership āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Leadership-ā§° āĻĻাā§িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻšাāϤāϤ āύāĻĨাāĻি āĻŦāĻšু āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻাāĻ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ Shared Leadership āĻŦোāϞে।
ā§§ā§Ž। School Improvement āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° academic, administrative āĻā§°ু organisational performance āĻ্āϰāĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§াāĻ School Improvement āĻŦোāϞে।
⧧⧝। Resource Management āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ resources āĻĒāϰিāĻāϞ্āĻĒāύা, āĻŦāĻŖ্āĻāύ, āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ু monitoring āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§াāĻ Resource Management āĻŦোāϞে।
⧍ā§Ļ। School Leader-ā§° āĻāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻুāĻŖ āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ Vision।
āĻāĻŽু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ⧍/ā§Š āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°
ā§§। School Leadership-ā§° āϤিāύিāĻা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
ā§§. āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ vision āĻā§°ু goal āĻĨাāĻে।
⧍. Teamwork āĻā§°ু participation āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ে।
ā§Š. School improvement āĻā§°ু learner learning-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে।
⧍। Leadership āĻā§°ু Management-ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻŽূāϞ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Leadership-āĻ vision, motivation āĻā§°ু change-ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে। Management-āĻ planning, organisation, coordination āĻā§°ু resources-ā§° āϏুāώ্āĻ ু āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে।
ā§Š। Educational Planning-ā§° āϤিāύিāĻা āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
ā§§. Goal āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ āĻā§°ে।
⧍. Resources āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°āϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°ে।
ā§Š. Time-bound school activities āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা āϏāĻšāĻ āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ē। Pedagogical Leadership-ā§° āĻĻুāĻা āĻাāĻ āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
ā§§. Teaching-learning process āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°া।
⧍. Teacher-ā§° academic support āĻā§°ু learner progress monitor āĻā§°া।
ā§Ģ। School as a Learning Organization āĻŦুāϞিāϞে āĻি āĻŦুāĻা?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻāύে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āϝ'āϤ teacher, school leader āĻā§°ু āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻ āύিāĻ āύিāĻ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻļিāĻে, collaborative discussion āĻā§°ে, āύāϤুāύ practice āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু continuous improvement-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে।
ā§Ŧ। Team Leadership āĻিā§ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Team Leadership-āĻ responsibility āĻাāĻ āĻā§°ে, communication āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°ে, collective decision-making āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু school improvement-āϤ āϏāĻāϞোāĻে āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āĻĻিā§ে।
ā§। School Innovation-ā§° āĻĻুāĻা āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিā§া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
ā§§. āύāϤুāύ learner-centred teaching strategy āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°।
⧍. ICT āĻŦা local resources āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি learning activity āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°া।
ā§Ž। Partnership-ā§° āĻĻুāĻা āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
ā§§. School āĻā§°ু community-ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻিāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে।
⧍. Learner support āĻā§°ু school resources āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°ে।
⧝। Human Resource Management āĻিā§ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻā§°ু staff-ā§° ability āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°, āĻĻাā§িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŖ্āĻāύ, teamwork āĻā§°ু professional development āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ Human Resource Management āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
ā§§ā§Ļ। Whole School Approach-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻি?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻāĻা āĻ ংāĻļ āύāĻšā§, leadership, teaching, learning, management, school culture āĻā§°ু community participation-ā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻĻিāĻļ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°া।
āĻĻীāĻāϞ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ā§Ē/ā§Ģ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°
ā§§। School Leadership āĻি? āĻā§াā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School Leadership āĻšৈāĻে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°ু vision āĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে school community-āĻ āĻĒāĻĨ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ, āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§া।
āĻā§াā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ—
ā§§. āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ vision āĻā§ে।
⧍. Teaching-learning quality āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°ে।
ā§Š. Teacher motivation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ē. Teamwork āĻā§ে।
ā§Ģ. School culture positive āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ŧ. Learner achievement āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°ে।
ā§. Parent-community participation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ž. Resources āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°ে।
⧝. Innovation āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Change āϏāĻĢāϞāĻাāĻŦে implement āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°ে।
Effective school leadership-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻেā§ąāϞ school administration āĻāϞোā§ąা āύāĻšā§; learner learning āĻā§°ু whole-school improvement āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°া।
⧍। Leadership āĻā§°ু Management-ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
| Leadership | Management |
|---|---|
| Vision āĻā§°ু direction-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে। | Planning āĻā§°ু implementation-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে। |
| āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ motivate āĻā§°ে। | Resources organise āĻā§°ে। |
| Change āĻā§°ু innovation āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ে। | Stability āĻā§°ু smooth functioning āĻŦāĻাāĻ ā§°াāĻে। |
| Team-ā§° commitment āĻā§ে। | Roles āĻā§°ু responsibilities coordinate āĻā§°ে। |
| Future improvement-āϤ focus। | Present activities-ā§° efficient functioning-āϤ focus। |
āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āĻাāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻāϞিāĻŦāϞৈ Leadership āĻā§°ু Management āĻĻুā§োāĻাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
ā§Š। Educational Planning āĻি? āĻā§াā§° āϧাāĻĒāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Educational Planning āĻšৈāĻে āĻļিāĻ্āώা-āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻীā§ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻāϤীā§াāĻৈ āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ plan āϤৈā§াā§° āĻā§°া।
āĻŽুāĻ্āϝ āϧাāĻĒ—
ā§§. Present Situation Analysis:
āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ
ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻা।
⧍. Need Identification:
āĻি āĻি āĻāύ্āύāϤি āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ āϏেā§া āĻিāύাāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°া।
ā§Š. Goal Setting:
āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāϤ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻā§°া।
ā§Ē. Resource Identification:
Human, material āĻā§°ু financial resource āύিāϰ্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া।
ā§Ģ. Action Planning:
āĻি āĻাāĻŽ, āĻোāύে, āĻেāϤিā§া āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϏেā§া āύিāϰ্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া।
ā§Ŧ. Implementation:
Plan āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąাā§āύ āĻā§°া।
ā§. Monitoring:
āĻাāĻŽ āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻāĻŦাā§িāĻে āĻোā§ąা।
ā§Ž. Evaluation:
āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύ āĻš'āϞ āύে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝাā§āύ āĻā§°া।
ā§Ē। Administrative āĻā§°ু Pedagogical Leadership āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Administrative Leadership-āĻ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° organisational functioning-āϤ focus āĻā§°ে।
āĻā§াā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ—
- records,
- timetable,
- school calendar,
- infrastructure,
- staff management,
- finance,
- policy implementation।
Pedagogical Leadership-āĻ teaching-learning process-āϤ focus āĻā§°ে।
āĻā§াā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ—
- classroom teaching,
- curriculum transaction,
- lesson planning,
- assessment,
- teacher support,
- learner outcomes।
Effective head teacher-āĻ administrative āĻā§°ু pedagogical āĻĻুā§ো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° leadership-ā§° āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে। Revised Unit 4.1-āϤ Educational Planning, Management and Leadership in Administration and Pedagogy āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻে।
ā§Ģ। Pedagogical Leadership-ā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Pedagogical Leadership-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ learner-ā§° learning quality āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°া।
School leader-āĻ—
ā§§. Learning Outcomes-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Lesson planning-āϤ teachers-āĻ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Classroom observation āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ē. Teacher collaboration āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Assessment result review āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Learner difficulties āĻিāύাāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§. Inclusive teaching āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ž. Teaching resources āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ āĻā§°াāϤ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧝. Teacher professional development āĻā§োāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
āϏেā§ে school leader āĻেā§ąāϞ administrator āύāĻšā§; āĻāĻāύ academic leader-āĻ।
ā§Ŧ। School as a Learning Organization āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School as a Learning Organization āĻŽাāύে āĻāύে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āϝি āύিāĻেāĻ āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ āĻļিāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻšā§।
āĻā§াā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ—
ā§§. Shared Vision।
⧍. Continuous Learning।
ā§Š. Teacher Collaboration।
ā§Ē. Reflection on Practice।
ā§Ģ. Open Communication।
ā§Ŧ. Innovation।
ā§. Collective Problem-solving।
ā§Ž. Data-based Improvement।
⧝. Professional Development।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Learner-centred approach।
Teacher-āϏāĻāϞেāĻ āĻā§াāϤ āĻেā§ąāϞ teaching āύāĻā§°ে; āύিāĻā§° teaching practice-ā§° āĻĒā§°া āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ āĻļিāĻে।
Revised syllabus-ā§° Unit 4.2 āĻšৈāĻে School as a Learning Organization।
ā§। Learning Organization āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে School āĻā§িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School-āĻ Learning Organization āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻā§িāĻŦāϞৈ—
ā§§. Common vision āϤৈā§াā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Regular teachers’ meeting āĻā§োāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Best practices share āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Classroom problems collectively discuss āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Teacher professional development āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Innovation āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°াā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§. Mistake-āĻ learning opportunity āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϞ'āĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ž. Student feedback āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧝. Action Research āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. School progress āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ review āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ž। Building and Leading Teams for Improvement āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School improvement āĻেā§ąāϞ head teacher-āĻ āĻ
āĻāϞে āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। Effective team āĻā§া āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
Team āĻā§াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে—
ā§§. Common Goal:
āϏāĻāϞো āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻ āĻāĻে āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Role Distribution:
āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻāύ⧰ āĻĻাā§িāϤ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Communication:
āĻোāϞাāĻŽেāϞা communication āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Trust:
āĻĒাā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°িāĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°ু āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
ā§Ģ. Participation:
āϏāĻāϞোāĻে āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻĻিā§াā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Monitoring:
Team progress āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ review āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§. Recognition:
āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ⧰ āĻাāϞ āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝাā§āύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে effective team school improvement-ā§° āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻšā§। Unit 4.3-āϤ Building and Leading Teams for Improvement āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ।
⧝। Team Leadership-ā§° āĻুāĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϞ Team Leader-ā§°—
ā§§. Clear Vision āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Communication Skill āĻাāϞ āĻšোā§ąা āĻāĻিāϤ।
ā§Š. Listening Skill āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Fairness āĻŦāĻাāĻ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Responsibility āĻাāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Motivation āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§. Conflict āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ž. Decision-making skill āĻĨāĻা āĻāĻিāϤ।
⧝. Team member-āĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. āύিāĻে positive example āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ļ। Leading Innovation in School āĻŦুāϞিāϞে āĻি āĻŦুāĻা? āĻā§াā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Leading Innovation āĻŽাāύে school leader-āĻ āύāϤুāύ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒāϝোāĻী idea āĻŦা practice āĻিāύাāĻ্āϤ, āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻā§°ী āĻā§°াāϤ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিā§া।
Innovation-ā§° āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ—
- new pedagogy,
- digital learning,
- library-based learning,
- peer learning,
- local TLM,
- new assessment practice।
āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ—
ā§§. Teaching quality āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻšā§।
⧍. Learner engagement āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻšā§।
ā§Š. āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āύāϤুāύāĻাāĻŦে āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
ā§Ē. Teachers creative āĻšā§।
ā§Ģ. School changing needs-ā§° āϏৈāϤে adapt āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§§ā§§। School Partnership āĻি? āĻā§াā§° āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύীā§āϤা āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School Partnership āĻšৈāĻে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ে parents, community, academic institution āĻā§°ু āĻ
āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ stakeholder-ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻিāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ āĻā§া।
āĻā§াā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧা—
ā§§. Community resources āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
⧍. Learner support āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻšā§।
ā§Š. Parent participation āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻšā§।
ā§Ē. Local knowledge school-āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
ā§Ģ. School problems āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύāϤ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻিāϤা āĻšā§।
ā§Ŧ. Accountability āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻšā§।
ā§. School-community ownership āĻā§ে।
Unit 4.4-āϤ Leading Innovations and Partnership āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻে।
⧧⧍। Human Resource Management āĻি? School-āϤ āĻā§াā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Human Resource Management āĻšৈāĻে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻā§°ু staff-ā§° knowledge, skill āĻā§°ু ability āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িā§া।
āĻā§াā§° āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻুāĻ্āϤ—
ā§§. Responsibility distribution।
⧍. Team formation।
ā§Š. Professional development।
ā§Ē. Motivation।
ā§Ģ. Staff coordination।
ā§Ŧ. Performance support।
ā§. Conflict resolution।
āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ—
- teacher efficiency āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে,
- teamwork āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°ে,
- staff satisfaction āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে,
- learner support āĻাāϞ āĻšā§।
ā§§ā§Š। Material Resource Management āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Material Resources-ā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ school building, classroom, furniture, library, TLM, sports equipment, ICT device, water and sanitation facilities āĻāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻে।
āϏāĻ িāĻ management-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে—
ā§§. Available resource inventory ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Need āĻ
āύুāϝাā§ী resource distribute āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Regular maintenance āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Resources safe āĻাāĻŦে store āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Maximum academic use āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Damage āĻā§°ু wastage āĻāĻŽাāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
āĻেā§ąāϞ resource āĻĨāĻা āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āύāĻšā§; learning-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে resource āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšোā§ąাāĻো āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ।
ā§§ā§Ē। Financial Resource Management-ā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Financial Resource Management āĻšৈāĻে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° available funds āĻĻাā§িāϤ্āĻŦāĻļীāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻĒāϰিāĻāϞ্āĻĒিāϤāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া।
āĻŽুāĻ্āϝ āύীāϤি—
ā§§. Need-based planning।
⧍. Priority setting।
ā§Š. Proper budgeting।
ā§Ē. Transparent expenditure।
ā§Ģ. Correct record keeping।
ā§Ŧ. Accountability।
ā§. Regular review।
Financial management āĻাāϞ āĻš'āϞে limited funds-ā§°েāĻ school-ā§° āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύীā§ āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻšāϤ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻā§°ীāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
ā§§ā§Ģ। NEP 2020-ā§° āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻোāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°া School Governance āĻā§°ু Resource Management āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
School governance-āϤ effective leadership, accountability, participation āĻā§°ু available resources-ā§° efficient use āĻ
āϤি āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύীā§।
School leader-āĻ—
ā§§. Human resources-ā§° capability āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Material resource learning-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏāĻ্ā§°িā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Financial resource need āĻ
āύুāϝাā§ী āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Stakeholder participation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Transparency āĻā§°ু accountability āĻŦāĻাāĻ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. School improvement-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে collaborative planning āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
Revised Unit 4.5-āϤ Management of Human, Material and Financial Resource through School Governance and Leadership as per NEP 2020 āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ŧ। Total Quality Management (TQM) āĻি? āĻā§াā§° āύীāϤিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Total Quality Management āĻšৈāĻে institution-ā§° āϏāĻāϞো āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻিāϤাā§°ে continuous quality improvement āĻā§°া management approach।
School-āϤ TQM-ā§° āύীāϤি—
ā§§. Learner-centredness।
⧍. Continuous Improvement।
ā§Š. Teamwork।
ā§Ē. Participation of All।
ā§Ģ. Evidence-based Decision-making।
ā§Ŧ. Effective Leadership।
ā§. Resource Efficiency।
ā§Ž. Regular Monitoring।
⧝. Feedback।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Accountability।
āĻā§াā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻāĻেāĻŦাā§°ে “perfect” school āĻā§া āύāĻšā§; āύিā§āĻŽীā§াāĻৈ school quality āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻā§°া।
ā§§ā§। TQM āĻā§°ু Whole School Approach-ā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
TQM āĻā§°ু Whole School Approach āĻĻুā§োāĻাāĻ school improvement-āĻ holisticāĻাāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻে।
TQM-āĻ continuous quality improvement-āϤ āĻোā§° āĻĻিā§ে।
Whole School Approach-āĻ school-ā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻĻিāĻļ—
- leadership,
- teachers,
- learners,
- classroom,
- curriculum,
- infrastructure,
- community
āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻā§°ে।
āĻ ā§°্āĻĨাā§ quality improvement āĻেā§ąāϞ examination result āĻŦা classroom-āϤ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύāĻšā§।
Revised Unit 4.6-āϤ Total Quality Management for Whole School Approach āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ž। Whole School Approach-ā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Whole School Approach-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ—
ā§§. Shared vision।
⧍. Strong leadership।
ā§Š. Teacher participation।
ā§Ē. Learner voice।
ā§Ģ. Positive school culture।
ā§Ŧ. Inclusive teaching।
ā§. Parent-community involvement।
ā§Ž. Effective resource management।
⧝. Regular assessment and reflection।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Continuous improvement।
āĻā§াāϤ school improvement āϏāĻāϞো stakeholder-ā§° collective responsibility।
⧧⧝। Effective School Leader-ā§° āĻুāĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻā§°ী School Leader-ā§°—
ā§§. Clear vision āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍. Integrity āĻŦāĻাāĻ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Š. Communication skill āĻাāϞ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ē. Team-building skill āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ģ. Academic leadership āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ŧ. Decision-making skill āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§. Innovation āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§Ž. Inclusive attitude āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧝. Resource management skill āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Community-ā§° āϏৈāϤে positive relationship āĻā§িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
ā§§ā§§. Conflict handling āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧧⧍. Continuous learning-ā§° āĻŽāύোāĻাā§ą āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে।
⧍ā§Ļ। School Improvement-āϤ Head Teacher-ā§° āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Head Teacher āϏ্āĻুāϞ improvement-ā§° central leader।
āϤেāĻঁ—
ā§§. School vision āϤৈā§াā§° āĻā§°ে।
⧍. Annual/school development planning-āϤ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিā§ে।
ā§Š. Teachers-ā§° teamwork āĻā§ে।
ā§Ē. Classroom learning monitor āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ģ. Teachers-āĻ academic support āĻĻিā§ে।
ā§Ŧ. Resources plan āĻā§°ু manage āĻā§°ে।
ā§. Parent-community partnership āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে।
ā§Ž. Innovations āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ে।
⧝. School data analyse āĻā§°ি āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻিāύাāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°ে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Accountability āĻŦāĻাāĻ ā§°াāĻে।
ā§§ā§§. Positive school culture āĻā§ে।
⧧⧍. Whole School Approach-āϤ āϏāĻāϞো stakeholder-āĻ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āϞৈ āĻāĻāĻŦাā§ে।
✍️AI Generated Question Answer