Chapter 3 

"Diversities in Classroom" 

āĻ…āϤি āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ā§§ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°

ā§§। Classroom Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻ­াāώা, āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি, āϞিংāĻ—, āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা, āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ•-āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦাā§°িāĻ• āĻĒāϟāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āφāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āφ⧰ু learning pace-ā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Classroom Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

⧍। Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻ—োāϟ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύāϤা āĻŦা āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§Š। Linguistic Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻ­াāώা āĻŦা āĻ­াāώাāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϟāĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Linguistic Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§Ē। Cultural Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি, āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া, āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ, āĻĒোāĻ›াāĻ•, āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ā§ą āφ⧰ু āϜীā§ąāύāϧাā§°াā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Cultural Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§Ģ। Socio-economic Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞ⧰ āĻ†ā§Ÿ, āĻĒেāĻ›া, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Socio-economic Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§Ŧ। Learning Diversity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° learning pace, style, interest āφ⧰ু ability-ā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• Learning Diversity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§­। Differentiated Instruction āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি content, activity, support āĻŦা assessment āϏāϞāύি āϕ⧰ি āĻļিāĻ•োā§ąা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ• Differentiated Instruction āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§Ž। Gender-neutral Language āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•োāύো gender-āĻ• āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻŦা stereotype āύāϕ⧰া āĻ­াāώাāĻ• Gender-neutral Language āĻŦোāϞে।

⧝। Gender-neutral Play Material āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϝি āĻ–েāϞāύা āĻŦা play material āϏāĻ•āϞো gender-ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে āϏāĻŽাāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āϤাāĻ• Gender-neutral Play Material āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Ļ। Peer Learning āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āφāϞোāϚāύা āφ⧰ু āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ•ে Peer Learning āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§§। Group Activity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻ•োāύো learning task āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰াāĻ•ে Group Activity āĻŦোāϞে।

⧧⧍। Individual Activity āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে āύিāϜে āύিāϜে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰া learning activity-āĻ• Individual Activity āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Š। Cooperative Learning āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে common learning goal-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻāϞāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āϕ⧰ি āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ•ে Cooperative Learning āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Ē। Multisensory Learning āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻĻেāĻ–া, āĻļুāύা, āϏ্āĻĒā§°্āĻļ, movement āφāĻĻি āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āχāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°ি⧟ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ•ে Multisensory Learning āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Ģ। Learner-centred Classroom āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϝি classroom-āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ, āφāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āφ⧰ু āϏāĻ•্ā§°ি⧟ participation-ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϜোā§° āĻĻি⧟া āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻ• Learner-centred Classroom āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Ŧ। Gender Stereotype āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•োāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ gender-ā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি⧟ে āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āĻŦুāϞি āϧ⧰া fixed social belief-āĻ• Gender Stereotype āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§­। Inclusive Grouping āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ ability āφ⧰ু background-ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāĻ• āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻĻāϞ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰াāĻ•ে Inclusive Grouping āĻŦোāϞে।

ā§§ā§Ž। Diversity āĻ•ি teaching resource āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻšā§Ÿ।

⧧⧝। Success Story āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি⧟ে āĻŦাāϧা āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āϕ⧰া āϏাāĻĢāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖāĻ• Success Story āĻŦোāϞে।

⧍ā§Ļ। Classroom Diversity-āϤ Teacher-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ•ি?
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰ি meaningful participation āφ⧰ু learning opportunity āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰া।

āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ⧍/ā§Š āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°

ā§§। Classroom Diversity-ā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা ā§°ূāĻĒ āϞিāĻ–া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ

ā§§. Linguistic Diversity
⧍. Cultural Diversity
ā§Š. Gender Diversity
ā§Ē. Learning Ability/Pace Diversity

Socio-economic background āφ⧰ু disability-āĻ“ classroom diversity-ā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ।

⧍। Different Forms of Classroom Activities āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ

ā§§. Individual Activity
⧍. Pair Work
ā§Š. Group Work
ā§Ē. Discussion
ā§Ģ. Role-play
ā§Ŧ. Project/Activity-based learning

ā§Š। Diversity-āĻ• resource āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•ি⧟ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšā§Ÿ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• language, culture, experience āφ⧰ু knowledge classroom-āϤ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• perspective āφāύে। āχ peer learning āφ⧰ু mutual understanding āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।

ā§Ē। Differentiated Instruction āĻ•ি⧟ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° learning pace, prior knowledge āφ⧰ু support need āĻāĻ•ে āύāĻšā§Ÿ। āϏে⧟ে āĻāĻ•েāϟা lesson-āϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ level-ā§° task āĻŦা support āĻĻিāϞে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী⧟ে meaningful learning āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§Ģ। Teacher-āĻ Linguistic Diversity āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ handle āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āϏāĻšāϜ language, familiar examples, visuals, peer support āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύāĻŽāϤে learner-ā§° home language-ā§° āϏāĻšা⧟ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§Ŧ। Gender-neutral Play āĻ•ি⧟ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ āχ āĻ–েāϞ āĻŦা physical activity-āϤ gender stereotype āĻ•āĻŽা⧟ āφ⧰ু āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāĻ• interest āφ⧰ু ability āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĻি⧟ে।

ā§­। Gender-neutral Language-ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি⧟া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ “āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ী”ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে “āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻ•āϞ” āφ⧰ু “chairman”ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে “chairperson”ā§° āĻĻā§°ে inclusive āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

ā§Ž। Inclusive Group Work-ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āϞিāĻ–া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ

ā§§. Peer support āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
⧍. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ background āφ⧰ু ability-ā§° learner-ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ cooperation āφ⧰ু acceptance āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।

⧝। Success Stories classroom-āϤ āĻ•ি⧟ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ Girls, women āφ⧰ু transgender persons-ā§° stereotype āĻ­াāĻ™ি positive role model āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰ু learner-ā§° motivation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ success stories āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী।

ā§§ā§Ļ। Classroom Diversity manage āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ Teacher-ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āϞিāĻ–া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ

ā§§. Bias āφ⧰ু discrimination āĻā§°োā§ąা।
⧍. Different needs āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি flexible teaching strategy āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া।

āĻĻীāϘāϞ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ — ā§Ē/ā§Ģ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°

ā§§। Classroom Diversity āĻ•ি? āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ ā§°ূāĻĒ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Classroom Diversity āĻŽাāύে āĻāϟা āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤা।

āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ ā§°ূāĻĒāϏāĻŽূāĻš—

ā§§. Linguistic Diversity:
āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻŽাāϤৃāĻ­াāώা āĻŦা language proficiency āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

⧍. Cultural Diversity:
āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ā§ą, customs, food, dress āφ⧰ু values āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§Š. Gender Diversity:
Different gender identities āφ⧰ু gender-related experiences āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§Ē. Socio-economic Diversity:
āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞ⧰ income, occupation āφ⧰ু resource availability āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§Ģ. Ability Diversity:
Physical, sensory, cognitive āĻŦা other abilities āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§Ŧ. Learning Diversity:
Pace, interest, prior knowledge āφ⧰ু learning style āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§­. Social Diversity:
Caste, tribe, community, migration background āφāĻĻি āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

Inclusive classroom-āϤ āĻāχ āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āύāĻšā§Ÿ, learning resource āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĻেāĻ–া āωāϚিāϤ।

⧍। Different Forms of Classroom Activities āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Different learner needs āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ classroom-āϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ activity āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ।

Individual Work:
Learner āύিāϜে task āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰ে।

Pair Work:
āĻĻুāϜāύ learner-āĻ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে problem solve āĻŦা āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰ে।

Group Work:
āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ learner-āĻ team āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে।

Discussion:
Topic-ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āφāĻĻাāύ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ।

Role-play:
āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻŦা āĻ•āϞ্āĻĒিāϤ situation āĻ…āĻ­িāύ⧟⧰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻŦুāϜা।

Project Work:
āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš, creation āφ⧰ু presentation-ā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•āύ।

Games/Activity-based Learning:
Play āφ⧰ু movement-ā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে concept āĻļিāĻ•া।

Different activity āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāϞে learner diversity āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী multiple participation opportunities āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšā§Ÿ। Unit 3.1-āϤ Different Forms of Classroom Activities āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āφāĻ›ে।

ā§Š। “Diversity is a Resource in Teaching-Learning Process” — āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Diversity-āĻ• āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āύেāĻĻেāĻ–ি teaching resource āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ—

ā§§. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ language āĻĨāĻ•া learners-āĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āϤুāϞāύা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
⧍. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ cultural background-ā§° learner-āĻ festivals āφ⧰ু customs share āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Š. Local knowledge classroom topic-ā§° āϏৈāϤে connect āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
ā§Ē. Different experiences discussion-āϤ multiple perspectives āφāύে।
ā§Ģ. Mixed-ability group-āϤ peer learning āĻšā§Ÿ।
ā§Ŧ. Different talents art, sport, language, mathematics āφāĻĻি āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻĢāϞে respect, cooperation, critical thinking āφ⧰ু social understanding āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒা⧟। Revised syllabus-ā§° Unit 3.2-āĻ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে Diversities as Resource in Teaching-Learning Process āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

ā§Ē। Classroom Diversity handle āϕ⧰াāϤ Teacher-ā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Teacher diversity-responsive classroom āĻ—ā§াā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ facilitator।

Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-āĻ• āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧍. Stereotype āφ⧰ু discrimination āĻā§°াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Š. Learner background āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ē. Flexible pedagogy āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ģ. Mixed grouping āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. Multiple TLM āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§­. Different pace-ā§° learner-āĻ• additional support āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ž. Learner voice-āĻ• āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧝. Gender-neutral language āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Parent āφ⧰ু community-ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύāĻŽāϤে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

Unit 3.3-āϤ Teacher’s Role in Dealing with Diversities in the Classroom āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ।

ā§Ģ। Differentiated Instruction āĻ•ি? āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Differentiated Instruction āĻšৈāĻ›ে learner-ā§° readiness, interest āφ⧰ু learning need āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী teaching-learning-ā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻিāĻļ adapt āϕ⧰া।

Teacher-āĻ differentiate āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে—

ā§§. Content:
āĻ•োāύ material āĻŦা information āĻĻি⧟া āĻš'āĻŦ।

⧍. Process:
āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ activity āĻŦা explanation āϕ⧰া āĻš'āĻŦ।

ā§Š. Product:
Learner-āĻ learning āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦ—writing, drawing, oral presentation āφāĻĻি।

ā§Ē. Support:
āĻ•োāύ learner-āĻ• āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ guidance āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।

āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ—

  • flexible,
  • learner-centred,
  • need-based,
  • inclusive,
  • multiple pathways for learning।

ā§Ŧ। Differentiated Instruction-ā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧা—

ā§§. Slow āφ⧰ু advanced learner āĻĻু⧟োāĻ• support āϕ⧰ে।
⧍. Learner interest āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Š. Failure feeling āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।
ā§Ē. Participation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ģ. Learner strength āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ŧ. Individual differences āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰ে।
ā§­. Inclusive classroom āĻ—ā§ে।
ā§Ž. Learning outcomes āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύāϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• learner-āĻ• āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰ে।

Unit 3.4-āϤ Differentiated Instruction āĻāχ āĻ…āϧ্āϝা⧟⧰ core topic।

ā§­। Differentiated Instruction-ā§° āĻāϟা āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি⧟া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āϧ⧰া āĻšāĻ“āĻ• Class V-āϤ “Water Conservation” topic āĻļিāĻ•োā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

Teacher-āĻ—

  • āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ learner-āĻ• short illustrated text āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে,
  • āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύāĻ• detailed article āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে,
  • group-āϤ poster āϤৈ⧟াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে,
  • āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύে oral presentation āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে,
  • āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύে slogan āϞিāĻ–িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-ā§° learning objective āĻāĻ•ে—water conservation āĻŦুāϜা—āĻ•িāύ্āϤু learning āφ⧰ু expression-ā§° āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ।

ā§Ž। Mixed-Ability Classroom āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে manage āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Mixed-Ability Classroom-āϤ teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. Learner-ā§° prior knowledge āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧍. Flexible group āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Š. Different difficulty level-ā§° task āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ē. Peer tutoring āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ģ. Visual, oral āφ⧰ু hands-on activity mix āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. Additional support āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻšোā§ąা learner-āĻ• scaffold āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§­. Fast learner-āĻ• meaningful enrichment task āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ž. Comparison āĻŦা labelling āĻā§°াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

āĻŽূāϞ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-āĻ• challenge āφ⧰ু support-ā§° appropriate balance āĻĻি⧟া।

⧝। Linguistic Diversity classroom-āϤ resource āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Multilingual classroom-āϤ learner-ā§° āĻ­াāώা obstacle āύāĻšā§Ÿ; resource āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. familiar/home language-ā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āύāϤুāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ connect āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
⧍. Bilingual word wall āϤৈ⧟াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Š. Learner-āĻ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ­াāώাāϤ story share āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ē. Translation/comparison activity āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ģ. Peer language support āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ŧ. Local songs/rhymes āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

āχ learner identity-ā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āφ⧰ু concept understanding āĻĻু⧟োāϟা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।

ā§§ā§Ļ। Cultural Diversity classroom-āϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ community-ā§° festivals āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
⧍. Local stories āφ⧰ু folk traditions āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Š. Food, art, dress, music-ā§° comparative project āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ē. Learners-āĻ• family/community knowledge share āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ģ. Cultural stereotype āĻā§°াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. āĻ•োāύো culture-āĻ• superior āĻŦা inferior āĻŦুāϞি āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āύāϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে classroom mutual respect āφ⧰ু intercultural understanding-ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§§ā§§। Gender-neutral Play Materials āĻ•ি? āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Gender-neutral Play Materials āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāύে āĻ–েāϞāύা āĻŦা activity material āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•োāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ gender-ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰ি āĻĻি⧟া āύāĻšā§Ÿ।

āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ—

  • building blocks,
  • puzzles,
  • art materials,
  • balls,
  • board games,
  • construction materials।

āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ—

ā§§. Stereotype āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।
⧍. āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-ā§° choice āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Š. Creativity āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ē. Different skills explore āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ģ. Gender equality promote āϕ⧰ে।

Revised syllabus-ā§° Unit 3.5-āĻ play materials, indoor/outdoor games, teammate choice āφ⧰ু physical activity āϏāĻ•āϞো gender-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে applicable āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϜোā§° āĻĻি⧟ে।

⧧⧍। Games and Sports-āϤ Gender Neutrality āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻŦāϜাāχ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. “āĻāχ āĻ–েāϞāϟো āĻ•েā§ąāϞ boys/girls-ā§°” āĻŦুāϞি āĻ­াāĻ— āύāϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧍. Learner interest āφ⧰ু safety āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী participation āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Š. Team selection gender bias āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ē. Captain/leadership role āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻ•ে āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ģ. Physical ability-ā§° āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤ respectful adaptation āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. Ridicule āĻŦা stereotype āĻŦāύ্āϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§­. Mixed team activity āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি āĻ†ā§ŸোāϜāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

āĻŽূāϞ āύীāϤি āĻšৈāĻ›ে ability, interest and inclusion—not gender stereotype

ā§§ā§Š। Gender-neutral Language āĻ•ি? Classroom-āϤ āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟āϤা āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Gender-neutral language āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāύে āĻ­াāώা āϝি unnecessary gender assumption āĻŦা stereotype āύāϕ⧰ে।

āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ—

  • “āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨী”
  • “teacher”
  • “chairperson”
  • “police officer”

āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ—

ā§§. āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-āĻ• included āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰া⧟।
⧍. Gender stereotype āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।
ā§Š. Respectful communication āĻ—ā§ে।
ā§Ē. Profession āĻŦা role āĻ•োāύো āĻāĻ• gender-ā§° āĻŦুāϞি āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।
ā§Ģ. Transgender āφ⧰ু gender-diverse learner-ā§° dignity āĻŦāϜাāχ ā§°াāĻ–ে।

ā§§ā§Ē। Illustrative Gender-neutral Examples āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Textbook āĻŦা classroom example-āϤ—

  • āĻŽāĻšিāϞা scientist,
  • male nurse,
  • female police officer,
  • fathers doing household work,
  • women in leadership,
  • transgender achievers

āφāĻĻি āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻ•ৃāϤ্ā§°িāĻŽāĻ­াāĻŦে roles āĻ“āϞāϟাāχ āĻĻি⧟া āύāĻšā§Ÿ; āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ diverse possibilities āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāχ stereotype āĻ­াāĻ™া।

ā§§ā§Ģ। Girls/Women-ā§° Success Stories classroom-āϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϏāĻšা⧟āĻ•?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Success Stories-āĻ—

ā§§. Positive role model āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে।
⧍. “āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ profession girls-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύāĻšā§Ÿ” āϧাā§°āĻŖা challenge āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Š. Learner aspiration āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ē. Social barriers āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
ā§Ģ. Perseverance āφ⧰ু confidence-ā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻŦুāϜা⧟।

Teacher-āĻ science, sports, art, public service, entrepreneurship āφāĻĻি āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°ā§° success story āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

ā§§ā§Ŧ। Transgender Persons-ā§° Success Stories āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻ•ি⧟ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āχ—

ā§§. Visibility āφ⧰ু representation āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
⧍. Stereotype āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।
ā§Š. Dignity āφ⧰ু equality-ā§° value āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ē. Learner-āĻ human diversity āĻŦুāϜে।
ā§Ģ. Transgender learner-ā§° sense of belonging āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ŧ. Achievement gender identity-ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύāĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦুāϞি āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąা⧟।

Unit 3.6-āϤ girl child/women āφ⧰ু transgender-ā§° success stories-ā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āφāĻ›ে।

ā§§ā§­। Classroom Activity design āϕ⧰োঁāϤে Diversity āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. Activity-ā§° multiple entry points ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧍. Instructions clear āφ⧰ু accessible āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Š. Individual, pair āφ⧰ু group activity mix āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ē. Different difficulty level-ā§° support ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ģ. Language support āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. Physical participation need āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী adapt āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§­. Gender-neutral roles āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ž. Multiple ways of expression āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে—oral, written, visual, practical।

āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে activity āϏāĻ•āϞো learner-ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• inclusive āĻšā§Ÿ।

ā§§ā§Ž। Classroom Diversity handle āϕ⧰াāϤ Peer Learning-ā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Peer Learning-āĻ—

ā§§. Learner-āĻ āĻĒā§°āϏ্āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻļিāĻ•ে।
⧍. Different strength share āĻšā§Ÿ।
ā§Š. Communication āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§Ē. Social acceptance āĻ—ā§ে।
ā§Ģ. Language support āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
ā§Ŧ. Confidence āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে।
ā§­. Teacher dependence āĻ•āĻŽা⧟।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু teacher-āĻ āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻāĻ•েāϜāύ learner-āĻ• “helper” āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝāϜāύāĻ• “weak” āĻŦুāϞি āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী label āύāϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

⧧⧝। Diversity-friendly Classroom-ā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
Diversity-friendly Classroom-āϤ—

ā§§. Respectful environment āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
⧍. Discrimination āύাāĻĨাāĻ•ে।
ā§Š. Multiple languages/cultures-āĻ• āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĻি⧟া āĻšā§Ÿ।
ā§Ē. Gender-neutral participation āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
ā§Ģ. Flexible teaching āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
ā§Ŧ. Differentiated Instruction āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšā§Ÿ।
ā§­. Peer collaboration āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
ā§Ž. Accessible learning materials āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
⧝. Learner voice-āĻ• āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĻি⧟া āĻšā§Ÿ।
ā§§ā§Ļ. Different strengths celebrate āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ।

⧍ā§Ļ। “Every Learner is Different, but Every Learner Belongs” — āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϟো āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° language, family, ability, interest, gender, experience āφ⧰ু learning pace āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻāχ āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো learner-āĻ• classroom-ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ āύāĻšā§Ÿ।

Teacher-āĻ—

ā§§. Differences āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
⧍. Learner strengths āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Š. Need āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী support āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ē. Group-āϤ belonging āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ģ. Fair participation āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
ā§Ŧ. Stereotype āφ⧰ু labelling āĻā§°াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

āϏে⧟ে diversity-ā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•ে āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞা āύāĻšā§Ÿ; āĻ­িāύ্āύāϤাāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰ি āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•ে learning community-ā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āϕ⧰া

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