Chapter 4 

Competency of Parties
āĻĒাā§°্āϟিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা

Question:
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ:

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Competency of a person to become a party to contract is governed by which section of Indian Contract Act?
ā§§. āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύ⧰ āĻ•োāύ āϟো āϧাā§°াā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°িāϤ āĻšāϝ়? (a) Sec. 10 (b) Sec. 11 (c) Sec. 9
(d) Sec. 15
(āĻ•) āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§Ļ (āĻ–) āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§§ (āĻ—) āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ ⧝ (āϘ) āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§Ģ

Ans: (b) Sec. 11 āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ–) āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§§

2. Minor is a person who is:  ⧍. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϝি āĻšৈāĻ›ে: (a) Less than 18 years (b) Less than & equivalent to 18 years (c) Less than 17 years (d) None of the above  (āĻ•) 18 āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•āĻŽ (āĻ–) 18 āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻ•āĻŽ āφ⧰ু (āĻ—) 17 āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•āĻŽ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) Less than 18 years
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ•) 18 āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•āĻŽ


3. Major is a person who is:-

ā§Š. āĻŽেāϜ⧰ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϝি āĻšৈāĻ›ে: (a) Of 18 year (b) More than 18 years (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) None of the above  (āĻ•) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ (āĻ–) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāϛ⧰āϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• (āĻ—) āĻšāϝ় (āĻ•) āĻŦা (āĻ–) (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Either (a) or (b) āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āĻšāϝ় (āĻ•) āĻŦা (āĻ–)

4. An agreement with a minor is _____.
ā§Ē.āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻšৈāĻ›ে (a) Void agreement (b) Void contract (c) Void-ab-initio (d) None of the above  (āĻ•) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āχāύিāϟিāĻ… (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Void-ab-initio āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āχāύিāϟিāĻ…

5. Where a guardian for a minor has been appointed, the age of majority is: 

ā§Ģ. āϝ'āϤ āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ­াā§ąāĻ• āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে, āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ—ā§°িāώ্āĻ ā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻšৈāĻ›ে: (a) 18 years (b) 21 years (c) 19 years (d) 20 years 

(āĻ•) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āĻ–) ⧍⧧ āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āĻ—) ⧧⧝ āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āϘ) ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰

Ans: (b) 21 years āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ–) ⧍⧧ āĻŦāϛ⧰

6. A claim for necessaries supplied to a minor is _____ by law.  ā§Ŧ. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•āĻ• āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāϚেāϚাā§°ীā§° āĻĻাāĻŦী āφāχāύāĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি। (a) Enforceable (b) Unenforceable (c) None of the above (d) All of the above
(āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ  
(āĻ–) āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া

(āĻ—) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়   (d) All of the above

Ans: (a) Enforceable
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ


FILL IN THE BLANKS
āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. There can be no_____ performance against a minor.
(specific/legal) 

ā§§. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻŦিā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻ•োāύো ___ (āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ/āφāχāύী)

Ans: (1) specific āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ

2. A person of unsound mind is _______ to enter a contract. (disqualified/qualified)  ⧍. āĻ…āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻāϜāύ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ __ (āĻ…āϝোāĻ—্āϝ/āϝোāĻ—্āϝ)

Ans: (2) disqualified āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āĻ…āϝোāĻ—্āϝ

3. A claim for necessaries supplied can be enforced upon a minor from his______ (estate/debts)  3. āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāϚেāϚাā§°ীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° __ (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি/āĻ‹āĻŖ)

Ans: (3) estate āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি

4. A drunkard is said to be a person of _______ mind when drunk. (sound/unsound)  4. āĻāϜāύ āĻŽাāϤাāϞāĻ• āϏুā§°াāĻĒাāύ āϕ⧰োঁāϤে __ (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ/āĻ…āϧ্āĻŦāύি)

Ans: (4) unsound āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ē) āĻ…āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ

5. An insolvent person is_____ to enter a contract. (competent/not competent)
ā§Ģ. āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻāϟাāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϜāύ āĻĻেāωāϞীāϝ়া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি _____ āĻšāϝ়। (āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ/āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ়)

Ans: (5) not competent 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ģ) āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ় 


TRUE/FALSE āϏāϤ্āϝ/āĻŽিāĻ›া 1. Test of soundness of mind is dependent on whether the person understood the terms & its consequences.
ā§§. āĻŽāύ⧰ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϜāύে āϚ⧰্āϤাā§ąāϞী āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŖাāĻŽ āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āύে āύাāχ āϤাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§° āĻļীāϞ।

Ans: (1) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āϏঁāϚা

2. A lunatic who is at intervals of sound mind, may contract during those intervals.  ⧍. āĻāϜāύ āωāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āϝি āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϏেāχ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϏংāĻ•ুāϚিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

Ans: (2) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āϏঁāϚা

3. A minor is not liable for a tort.  3. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ• āϟ⧰্āϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύāĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (3) False
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āĻŽিāĻ›া


4. A minor can be declared insolvent.
ā§Ē. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•āĻ• āĻĻেāωāϞীāϝ়া āĻŦুāϞি āϘোāώāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

Ans: (4) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ē) āĻŽিāĻ›া

5. An agreement with a minor can be ratified once he attains majority  ā§Ģ. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ—ā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে

Ans: (5) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ģ) āĻŽিāĻ›া


SHORT QUESTIONS āϚāĻŽু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Who is a minor?  ā§§. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ• āĻ•োāύ?

Ans: 2. How is the test of soundness of mind made?  ⧍. āĻŽāύ⧰ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:

3. What is the effect of entering into an agreement with an incompetent person?  ā§Š. āĻāϜāύ āĻ…āĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?

Ans:

4. Who are the persons incompetent to contract U/S 11 of ICA, 1872?  ā§Ē. āφāχāϚিāĻ, 1872-ā§° āχāω/āĻāĻ› 11 āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•োāύ?

Ans:

5. What are the rules for deciding the age of majority?  ā§Ģ. āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ—ā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤাā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰াā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Ans:

6. Can a minor plead infancy when he has misrepresented his age?  ā§Ŧ. āĻāϜāύ āϏ⧰ু āϞৌāĻ•িāĻ•ে āĻļৈāĻļā§ąāĻ•াāϞāϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏāĻ• āĻ­ুāϞāĻ•ৈ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ…āύুā§°োāϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?

Ans:

7. What is doctrine of restitution?  ā§­. āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°ā§° āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ•ি?

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8. Does the law of estoppel apply to a minor?  ā§Ž. āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āχāώ্āϟāĻĒেāϞ⧰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়āύে?

Ans:

9. Under what circumstances an agreement with a minor can be enforced by law?
⧝. āĻ•েāύে āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

Ans:

10. What is a tort? Is a minor liable for tort?  ā§§ā§Ļ. āϟ⧰্āϟ āĻ•ি? āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ• āϟ⧰্āϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:


11. Who is a person of unsound mind?
ā§§ā§§. āĻ…āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•োāύ?

Ans:

12. Is a minor liable for necessaries supplied to him?
⧧⧍. āĻāϜāύ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāϚিāϚাā§°ীāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:

LONG QUESTIONS
āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. "A claim for necessaries supplied to a minor is enforceable by law." Comment.  ā§§. "āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•āĻ• āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāϚেāϚাā§°ীā§° āĻĻাāĻŦী āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ।" āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ।

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2. Who is competent to enter into a contract? Discuss the position of minor in this regard.  ⧍. āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ? āĻāχ āϏāύ্āĻĻā§°্āĻ­āϤ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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3. "Parties to a contract must be competent to contract." Explain.  ā§Š. "āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻŦোā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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4. Discuss the provisions of law relating to contracts by minors.  ā§Ģ. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ীāϝ় āφāχāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻŦোā§° āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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5. Discuss the contractual liability of a minor under the Indian Contract Act.  ā§Ģ. āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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6. Discuss the law relating to contracts by persons of unsound mind.  ā§Ŧ. āĻ…āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ীāϝ় āφāχāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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7. Is the minor's contract void or voidable? Can the guardian of a minor make a contract for the minor ? 
ā§­. āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āύে āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϝোāĻ—্āϝ? āĻāϜāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ­াā§ąāĻ•ে āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?

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8. Comment on, "An agreement entered into by minor cannot be enforced at law."  ā§Ž. āĻāχ āϏāύ্āĻĻā§°্āĻ­āϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•, "āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϕ⧰া āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি।"

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9. When does minor attain majority? List the cases where minor's property is liable.
⧝. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•ে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ—ā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰ে? āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšোā§ąা āϘāϟāύাāĻŦোā§° āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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10. State the position of minor under the Contract Act. 
ā§§ā§Ļ. āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āύাāĻŦাāϞāϕ⧰ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar



Post ID :DABP003514