Chapter 4
Competency of Parties
āĻĒাā§°্āĻিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা
Question:
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ:
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻŦিāĻāϞ্āĻĒāĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Competency of a person to become a party to contract is governed by which section of Indian Contract Act?
ā§§. āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ্āώ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻোāύ āĻো āϧাā§°াā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°িāϤ āĻšāϝ়?
(a) Sec. 10 (b) Sec. 11
(c) Sec. 9 (d) Sec. 15
(āĻ) āĻেāĻেāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§Ļ (āĻ) āĻেāĻেāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§§
(āĻ) āĻেāĻেāĻŖ্āĻĄ ⧝ (āĻ) āĻেāĻেāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§Ģ
Ans: (b) Sec. 11 āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) āĻেāĻেāĻŖ্āĻĄ ā§§ā§§
2. Minor is a person who is: ⧍. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āϝি āĻšৈāĻে: (a) Less than 18 years (b) Less than & equivalent to 18 years (c) Less than 17 years (d) None of the above (āĻ) 18 āĻŦāĻā§°āϤāĻৈ āĻāĻŽ (āĻ) 18 āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°ু (āĻ) 17 āĻŦāĻā§°āϤāĻৈ āĻāĻŽ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (a) Less than 18 years
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) 18 āĻŦāĻā§°āϤāĻৈ āĻāĻŽ
3. Major is a person who is:-
ā§Š. āĻŽেāĻā§° āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āϝি āĻšৈāĻে: (a) Of 18 year (b) More than 18 years (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) None of the above (āĻ) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° (āĻ) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻā§°āϤāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ (āĻ) āĻšāϝ় (āĻ) āĻŦা (āĻ) (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (c) Either (a) or (b) āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) āĻšāϝ় (āĻ) āĻŦা (āĻ)
4. An agreement with a minor is _____.
ā§Ē.āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻšৈāĻে
(a) Void agreement (b) Void contract
(c) Void-ab-initio (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻ্āϤি (āĻ) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻুāĻ্āϤি
(āĻ) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āĻāύিāĻিāĻ
(āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (c) Void-ab-initio āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āĻāύিāĻিāĻ
5. Where a guardian for a minor has been appointed, the age of majority is:
ā§Ģ. āϝ'āϤ āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āĻিāĻাā§ąāĻ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে, āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻā§°িāώ্āĻ ā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻšৈāĻে: (a) 18 years (b) 21 years (c) 19 years (d) 20 years
(āĻ) ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ⧍⧧ āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ⧧⧝ āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻā§°
Ans: (b) 21 years āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) ⧍⧧ āĻŦāĻā§°
6. A claim for necessaries supplied to a minor is _____ by law.
ā§Ŧ. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻāĻ āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāĻেāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻāĻāύāĻ
āύুāϏ⧰ি।
(a) Enforceable (b) Unenforceable
(c) None of the above (d) All of the above
(āĻ) āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāĻ্āϝ (āĻ) āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া
(āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ় (d) All of the above
Ans: (a) Enforceable
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāĻ্āϝ
FILL IN THE BLANKS
āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ
1. There can be no_____ performance against a minor. (specific/legal)
ā§§. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻŦিā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻোāύো ___ (āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ/āĻāĻāύী)
Ans: (1) specific āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ
2. A person of unsound mind is _______ to enter a contract. (disqualified/qualified) ⧍. āĻ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ āĻুāĻ্āϤিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ __ (āĻ āϝোāĻ্āϝ/āϝোāĻ্āϝ)
Ans: (2) disqualified āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āĻ āϝোāĻ্āϝ
3. A claim for necessaries supplied can be enforced upon a minor from his______ (estate/debts) 3. āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāĻেāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° __ (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি/āĻāĻŖ)
Ans: (3) estate āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি
4. A drunkard is said to be a person of _______ mind when drunk. (sound/unsound) 4. āĻāĻāύ āĻŽাāϤাāϞāĻ āϏুā§°াāĻĒাāύ āĻā§°োঁāϤে __ (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ/āĻ āϧ্āĻŦāύি)
Ans: (4) unsound āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ē) āĻ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ
5. An insolvent person is_____ to enter a contract. (competent/not competent)
ā§Ģ. āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻাāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻāύ āĻĻেāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি _____ āĻšāϝ়। (āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ/āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ়)
Ans: (5) not competent
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ģ) āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āύāĻšāϝ়
TRUE/FALSE
āϏāϤ্āϝ/āĻŽিāĻা
1. Test of soundness of mind is dependent on whether the person understood the terms & its consequences.
ā§§. āĻŽāύ⧰ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāύে āĻā§°্āϤাā§ąāϞী āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŖাāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻি āĻĒাāĻāĻে āύে āύাāĻ āϤাā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻā§° āĻļীāϞ।
Ans: (1) True āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āϏঁāĻা
2. A lunatic who is at intervals of sound mind, may contract during those intervals. ⧍. āĻāĻāύ āĻāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āϝি āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύāϤ āĻĨাāĻে, āϏেāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϏংāĻুāĻিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
Ans: (2) True āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āϏঁāĻা
3. A minor is not liable for a tort. 3. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ āĻā§°্āĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύāĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (3) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āĻŽিāĻা
4. A minor can be declared insolvent.
ā§Ē. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻāĻ āĻĻেāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻŦুāϞি āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
Ans: (4) False āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ē) āĻŽিāĻা
5. An agreement with a minor can be ratified once he attains majority ā§Ģ. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻ āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
Ans: (5) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ģ) āĻŽিāĻা
SHORT QUESTIONS āĻāĻŽু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Who is a minor? ā§§. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ āĻোāύ?
Ans: 2. How is the test of soundness of mind made? ⧍. āĻŽāύ⧰ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়?
Ans:
3. What is the effect of entering into an agreement with an incompetent person? ā§Š. āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻি?
Ans:
4. Who are the persons incompetent to contract U/S 11 of ICA, 1872? ā§Ē. āĻāĻāĻিāĻ, 1872-ā§° āĻāĻ/āĻāĻ 11 āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻোāύ?
Ans:
5. What are the rules for deciding the age of majority? ā§Ģ. āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤাā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āĻā§°াā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻŦোā§° āĻি?
Ans:
6. Can a minor plead infancy when he has misrepresented his age? ā§Ŧ. āĻāĻāύ āϏ⧰ু āϞৌāĻিāĻে āĻļৈāĻļā§ąāĻাāϞāϤ āύিāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāĻ āĻুāϞāĻৈ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ āύুā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?
Ans:
7. What is doctrine of restitution? ā§. āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°ā§° āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻি?
Ans:
8. Does the law of estoppel apply to a minor? ā§Ž. āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāώ্āĻāĻĒেāϞ⧰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāĻ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়āύে?
Ans:
9. Under what circumstances an agreement with a minor can be enforced by law?
⧝. āĻেāύে āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?
Ans:
10. What is a tort? Is a minor liable for tort? ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻā§°্āĻ āĻি? āĻāĻāύ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ āĻā§°্āĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύেāĻি?
Ans:
11. Who is a person of unsound mind?
ā§§ā§§. āĻ
āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻোāύ?
Ans:
12. Is a minor liable for necessaries supplied to him?
⧧⧍. āĻāĻāύ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāĻিāĻাā§°ীāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύেāĻি?
Ans:
LONG QUESTIONS
āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. "A claim for necessaries supplied to a minor is enforceable by law." Comment.
ā§§. "āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻāĻ āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰া āύেāĻেāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāĻ্āϝ।" āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ।
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2. Who is competent to enter into a contract? Discuss the position of minor in this regard. ⧍. āĻুāĻ্āϤি āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻোāύ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ? āĻāĻ āϏāύ্āĻĻā§°্āĻāϤ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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3. "Parties to a contract must be competent to contract." Explain. ā§Š. "āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻŦোā§° āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°āĻ।
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4. Discuss the provisions of law relating to contracts by minors. ā§Ģ. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻীāϝ় āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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5. Discuss the contractual liability of a minor under the Indian Contract Act. ā§Ģ. āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āĻāĻā§°াāĻী āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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6. Discuss the law relating to contracts by persons of unsound mind. ā§Ŧ. āĻ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻীāϝ় āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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Ans:
8. Comment on, "An agreement entered into by minor cannot be enforced at law." ā§Ž. āĻāĻ āϏāύ্āĻĻā§°্āĻāϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻā§°āĻ, "āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি।"
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9. When does minor attain majority? List the cases where minor's property is liable.
⧝. āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻে āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻā§°িāώ্āĻ āϤা āϞাāĻ āĻā§°ে? āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšোā§ąা āĻāĻāύাāĻŦোā§° āϤাāϞিāĻাāĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°āĻ।
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10. State the position of minor under the Contract Act.
ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻ
āϧীāύāϤ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻā§° āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°āĻ।
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Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar
Post ID :DABP003514