Chapter 5

Free Consent
āĻŦিāύাāĻŽূāϞীāϝ়া āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি

Question
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Consent means:

1. āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤিā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে: (a) Express willingness (b) Voluntary permission (c) Voluntary agreeing (d) All of the above (āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļā§° āχāϚ্āĻ›া (āĻ–) āϏ্āĻŦেāϚ্āĻ›াāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ…āύুāĻŽāϤি (āĻ—) āϏ্āĻŦেāϚ্āĻ›াāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°োāĻ•্āϤ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (d) All of the above āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

2. When consent is caused by coercion, the contract becomes ______. ⧍. āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦāϞāĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ• āĻ­াā§ąে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়, āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϟো __

(a) Void (b) Voidable (c) Void-ab-initio (d) None of the above (āĻ•) āĻļূāύ্āϝāϤা (āĻ–) āĻŦাāϤিāϞāϝোāĻ—্āϝ (āĻ—) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āχāύিāϟিāĻ… (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (b) Voidable āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ–) āĻŦাāϤিāϞāϝোāĻ—্āϝ

3. Coercion is threat, where undue influence is _______ threat.


ā§Š. āĻŦāϞāĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­াāĻŦুāĻ•ি, āϝ'āϤ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে __

(a) Mental, physical (b) Physical, mental,

(c) Mental, mental (d) Physical, physical
(āĻ•) āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•, āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• (āĻ–) āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ•, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•, (āĻ—) āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• (āϘ) āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ•, āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ•

Ans: (b) Physical, mental, āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ–) āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ•, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•,

4. Duress aims at ______ violence. 

4. āĻĄুā§°েāĻ›ে āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ ā§°াāĻ–ে ______ āĻšিংāϏা।

(a) Physical (b) Mental (c) Immediate (d) None of the above

  (āĻ•) āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• (āĻ–) āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• (āĻ—) āϤাā§ŽāĻ•্āώāĻŖিāĻ• (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Immediate āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āϤাā§ŽāĻ•্āώāĻŖিāĻ•

5. Undue Influence is ______ form of coercion. ā§Ģ. āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে ______ āĻŦāϞāĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°।

(a) Subtle (b) Strict

(c) Coarse (d) Superior (āĻ•) āϏূāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽ (āĻ–) āĻ•āĻ োā§° (āĻ—) āĻŽোāϟা (āϘ) āωāϚ্āϚāϤ⧰

Ans: (a) Subtle āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ•) āϏূāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽ

6. Fraud is _______ misrepresentation of facts.

6. āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ _______ āĻ­ুāϞ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ।

(a) Forceful (b) Negligent (c) Intentional (d) All of the above

(āĻ•) āĻŦāϞāĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ• (āĻ–) āĻ…ā§ąāĻšেāϞা (āĻ—) āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (c) Intentional āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤ

FILL IN THE BLANKS āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. Fraud is made _______ to deceive the other party (unintentionally/intentionally) 

ā§§. āφāύ āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাā§°āĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ ___ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় (āĻ…āύিāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে/āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে)

Ans: (1) intentionally āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে 2. Where it is the duty of the person is to speak, keeping silence amounts to _______.(fraud/mistake)

⧍. āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϜāύ⧰ āϕ⧰্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ•'āϤ āφāĻ›ে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•োā§ąা, āύীā§°ā§ąāϤা ā§°āĻ–াāϟো __ (āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা/āĻ­ুāϞ)

Ans: (2) fraud āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা

3. A false statement made______ amounts to misrepresentation. (intentionally/unintentionally)

3. āĻāϟা āĻŽিāĻ›া āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤি __ āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻ­ুāϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ। (āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে/āĻ…āύিāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে)

Ans: (3) unintentionally āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Š) āĻ…āύিāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে

4. Restitution means to ______ benefits and ______ losses (restore/return/compensate/return)

ā§Ē) āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύে ______ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āφ⧰ু ______ āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ (āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°/āωāĻ­āϤাāχ/āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ/āωāĻ­āϤাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া)

Ans: (4) restore, compensate āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§° āϕ⧰া, āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া


5. Mistake is an _____ belief about something. (erroneous/intentional)

ā§Ģ/ āĻ­ুāϞ āĻš'āϞ āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে _____ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ। (āĻ­ুāϞ/āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤ)

Ans: (5) erroneous āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻ­ুāϞ


6. Bilateral mistake is a mistake of _______. s(law/fact)

ā§Ŧ/ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻ­ুāϞ _______ ā§° āĻ­ুāϞ। s(āφāχāύ/āϤāĻĨ্āϝ)

Ans: (6) fact āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ŧ) āϤāĻĨ্āϝ


TRUE/FALSE

āϏঁāϚা/āĻŽিāĻ›া

1. Consent is said to be free if not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation & mistake.

ā§§/ āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি, āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą, āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা, āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা & āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āύāĻš'āϞে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (1) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāϚা

2. An agreement caused by bilateral mistake makes it as a voidable contract.

⧍/ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŦাāϤিāϞāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻĸ়ি āϤোāϞে।

Ans: (2) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻŽিāĻ›া

3. Coercion is mental threat & undue influence is physical threat.

ā§Š/ āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦুāĻ•ি & āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦুāĻ•ি।

Ans: (3) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻ›া

4. Undue Influence is a subtle form of coercion.

ā§Ē/ āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻāĻ• āϏূāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽ ā§°ূāĻĒ।

Ans: (4) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āϏঁāϚা 5. Coercion is a criminal act.

ā§Ģ/ āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻāϟা āĻ…āĻĒā§°াāϧāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ।

Ans: (5) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āϏঁāϚা 6. Mere silence is not fraud but the reverse may be true in exceptions.

ā§Ŧ) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŽৌāύāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āύāĻšāϝ় āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽāϤ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

Ans: (6) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ŧ) āϏঁāϚা 7. Intention to deceive decides whether it is fraud or misrepresentation.

ā§­) āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাā§°āĻŖা āϕ⧰াā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϞāϝ় āϝে āϏেāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āύে āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা।

Ans: (7) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§­) āϏঁāϚা SHORT QUESTIONS

āϚুāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Define consent. When is consent said to be free?

ā§§/ āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤিā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া। āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:


2. What is coercion?

⧍/ āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি āĻ•ি?

Ans:

3. Is undue influence a subtle form of coercion?

ā§Š/ āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻāϟা āϏূāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤিā§° ā§°ূāĻĒ āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:


4. Differentiate between coercion and undue influence

ā§Ē) āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে

Ans:

5. Explain briefly the reasons for flaw in consent.

ā§Ģ) āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤিāϤ āϤ্ā§°ুāϟিā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

6. Explain the principle of restitution. 7. Define the term duress. Also differentiate it with coercion.

ā§Ŧ) āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°ā§° āύীāϤি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া। ā§­) āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া। āϞāĻ—āϤে āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤিā§°ে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

8. Is fraud an intentional misrepresentation?

ā§Ž/ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে āϕ⧰া āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:


9. "Mere silence in not fraud". Comment.

⧝/ "āĻŽেā§° āϚাāχāϞেāύ্āϏ āχāύ āύāϟ āĻĢ্ā§°āĻĄ"। āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ.

Ans:


10. Differentiate between fraud and misrepresentation.
ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āφ⧰ু āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।
Ans:
11. What is effect of mistake on the validity of an agreement?
ā§§ā§§) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦৈāϧāϤাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?
Ans:
LONG QUESTIONS
āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Explain, with illustrations, the effect of mistake of fact on an agreement, with reference to (i) mistake relating to subject-matter, (ii) mistake relating to the identity of the parties of the parties, and (iii) mistake relating to the nature of the transaction.

ā§§) (i) āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻ­ুāϞ, (ii) āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°িāϚāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻ­ুāϞ, āφ⧰ু (iii) āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰ি, āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ⧰ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ।
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2. What is misrepresentation? Distinguish it from fraud.
⧍/ āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻ•ি? āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύাā§° āĻĒā§°া āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻ•।
Ans:
3. "A mere silence as to facts in not fraud." Discuss.
ā§Š/ "āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āύāĻšāϝ় āĻŦুāϞি āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŽৌāύāϤা।" āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া.
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4. "Two or more persons are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense." Explain this statement and give illustrations.

ā§Ē/ "āĻĻুāϜāύ āĻŦা āϤাāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ•েāϟা āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāϤে āĻāĻ•েāϟা āĻ•āĻĨাāϤে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻĻিāϞে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।" āĻāχ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰ি āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।
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5. Discuss the law relating to the effect of mistake on contracts.
ā§Ģ/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āφāχāύ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

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6. "Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that regard being had to them, it is the duty of the person keeping silence to speak or unless his silence is equivalent to speech." Explain.

ā§Ŧ) "āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āϞিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŽৌāύāϤা āĻ…ā§ąāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āύāĻšāϝ়, āϝāĻĻিāĻšে āĻ—োāϚ⧰⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻāύে āύāĻšāϝ় āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻŽৌāύāϤা āĻ…ā§ąāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ āϕ⧰া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϜāύ⧰ āϕ⧰্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ।" āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•োā§ąা āĻŦা āϝāĻĻিāĻšে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŽৌāύāϤা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϤুāϞ্āϝ āύāĻšāϝ়।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া.

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7. When is a contract said to be induced by "undue influence"? When is a party deemed to be in a position to dominate to will of another? What is the effect of undue influence on a contract?

ā§­/ āĻ•োāύো āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া "āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą"ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°ā§°োāϚিāϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়? āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻāϟা āĻĻāϞāĻ• āφāύ⧰ āχāϚ্āĻ›া āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি āφāϧিāĻĒāϤ্āϝ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ…āϝāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?

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8. When is consent said to be given under "coercion"? What is its effect on the contract? Also discuss the position of the parties to a contract entered into under coercion.

ā§Ž/ "āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤি"ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়? āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি? āϞāĻ—āϤে āϜোā§°-āϜāĻŦā§°āĻĻāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϕ⧰া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়েāĻ“ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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9. "An agreement requires a meeting of the minds." Comment.

⧝/ "āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŽিāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ āĻšāϝ়।" āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ.
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10. Explain and illustrate the effect of mistake of fact on contracts.
ā§§ā§Ļ) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ­ুāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āφ⧰ু āϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া।
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11. What remedies are available to a person induced to enter into a contract by (a) misrepresentation, (b) fraud?

ā§§ā§§) (āĻ•) āĻ­ুāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা, (āĻ–) āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§°োāϚিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§° āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ?

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12. Define fraud and point out its effect on the validity of an agreement.
⧧⧍) āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύাā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦৈāϧāϤাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφāĻ™ুāϞিāϝ়াāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া।

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13. (a) "An attempt at deceit which does not deceive is not fraud." Explain. (b) It is the duty of a contracting part to disclose all material facts to the other party? When does non disclosure of material facts amount to fraud?

ā§§ā§Š) (āĻ•) "āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাā§°āĻŖা āύāϕ⧰া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাā§°āĻŖা āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা āύāĻšāϝ়।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া. (āĻ–) āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ—āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφāύ āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻ•োāύো āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ…ংāĻļā§° āϕ⧰্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ? āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ—āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āύāϕ⧰াāϟো āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύাā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻšāϝ়?

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Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar



Post ID :DABP003516