Chapter 6 

Legality of Object and Void Agreements
āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦৈāϧāϤা

Questions 
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Object of a contract means: ā§§/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻš’āϞ: (a) Purpose of contract (b) Objective of contract (c) Motive of contract (d) All of the above (āĻ•) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ (āĻ–) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ (āĻ—) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (d) All of the above āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

2. An agreement the object of which is unlawful is called as: ⧍) āϝিāϟো āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āĻšāϝ়, āϏেāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়: (a) Void agreement (b) Illegal agreement (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above 

(āĻ•) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ (āĻ–) āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) (āĻ•) āφ⧰ু (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b) āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ—) (āĻ•) āφ⧰ু (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা

3. All void agreements are illegal agreements? 

ā§Š/ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি? (a) True (b) False (c) Partially true (d) None of the above 

(āĻ•) āϏঁāϚা (āĻ–) āĻŽিāĻ›া (āĻ—) āφংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āϏāϤ্āϝ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (b) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ–) āĻŽিāĻ›া

4. All illegal agreements are void agreements? 

ā§Ē/ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি? (a) True (b) False (c) Partially true (d) None of the above
(āĻ•) āϏঁāϚা (āĻ–) āĻŽিāĻ›া (āĻ—) āφংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āϏāϤ্āϝ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) True
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āϏঁāϚা


5. Stifling prosecution is an example of: ā§Ģ/ āώ্āϟিāĻĢāϞিং āĻĒ্ā§°āϚিāĻ•িāωāϚāύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āύিāĻŽ্āύোāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻāϟা āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:

(a) Illegal agreement (b) Agreement opposed to public policy (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above (āĻ•) āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āύীāϤিā§° āĻŦিā§°োāϧী āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) (āĻ•) āφ⧰ু (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Void agreement
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ—) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϕ⧰া


(a) Invaild contract (b) Invalid agreement (c) Void agreement (d) All of the above

(āĻ•) āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (c) Void agreement
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ—) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϕ⧰া


7. A transaction collateral to a void agreement: ā§­) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ⧰ āϜাāĻŽিāύ: (a) is unenforceable by law (b) is enforceable by law (c) is illegal (d) None of the above (āĻ•) āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি (āĻ–) āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি (āĻ—) āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (b) is enforceable by law
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ–) āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ়


FILL IN THE BLANKS āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. A void agreement is ______ in scope than an illegal agreement. (wider/narrower) ā§§/ āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ ______। (āĻŦāĻšāϞ/āϏংāĻ•ীā§°্āĻŖ)

Ans: (1) wider

2. An agreeme āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻļূāύ্āϝ


3. An agreement restraining a minor to marry is a ________ (void agreement/void contract) 

ā§Š/ āύাāĻŦাāϞāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻিāϝ়া āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻš’āϞ ________ (āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি/āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি)

Ans: (3) valid contract āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

4. An uncertain agreement is one the meaning of which is _______ . (uncertain/clear)
ā§Ē) āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻš'āϞ āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϝাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻš'āϞ _______ ৷ (āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ/āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ)

Ans: (4) uncertain āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ

5. The only interest in wagering agreement is ________ (stake money/winning)

 ā§Ģ/ āĻŦাāϜি āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āϏুāϤ āĻš’āϞ ________ (āώ্āϟেāĻ• āĻŽাāύি/āϜāϝ়ী) ৷

Ans: (5) stake money
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§Ģ) āώ্āϟেāĻ• āĻŽাāύি


6. A transaction collateral to a wagering transaction is _________ by law. (enforceable/unenforceable)
ā§Ŧ) āĻŦাāϜি āϧ⧰া āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ⧰ āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ⧰ āϜাāĻŽিāύ āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি _________। (āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ŽāϝোāĻ—্āϝ/āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া)

Ans: (6) enforceable āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ŧ) āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ŽāϝোāĻ—্āϝ

7. Lotlory is _______ by law. (enforeable/unenforceable) 

ā§­/ āϞāϟ⧰ী āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি _______। (āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া/āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া)

Ans: (7) unenforceable āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§­) āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া

8. Crossword competitions is _______ by law. (enforeable /unenforceable)
ā§Ž/ āĻ•্ā§°āĻ›ā§ąā§°্āĻĄ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি _______। (āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°āϝোāĻ—্āϝ /āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°া)

Ans: (8) enforceable 
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ
 (ā§Ž) āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ŽāϝোāĻ—্āϝ


TRUE/FALSE āϏঁāϚা/āĻŽিāĻ›া 1. A partner can not carry on any business other than of the firm in which he is a partner.
ā§§/ āĻāϜāύ āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°ে āϝি āĻĢাā§°্āĻŽāϤ āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§° āϏেāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে āφāύ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে।

Ans: (1) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāϚা

2. Insurance is a contract of indemnity.
⧍/ āĻŦীāĻŽা āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি।

Ans: (2) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āϏঁāϚা

3. A horse race is a void agreement.
ā§Š/ āϘোঁā§°া āĻĻৌā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি।

Ans: (3) False āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻ›া

4. Parties to an illegal agreement cannot be punished by the law.
ā§Ē/ āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāĻŦ।

Ans: (4) False
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻŽিāĻ›া

.

5. Marriage brokage agreements are valid contracts. ā§Ģ/ āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšā§° āĻŦ্ā§°োāĻ•েāϜ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি।

Ans: (5) False
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻŽিāĻ›া


SHORT QUESTIONS āϚুāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. When is an object of an agreement illegal?
ā§§/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ?

Ans:

2. Discuss the effect of agreements the object of which is illegal partially U/S 24.
⧍) āϝিāĻŦোā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āφংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ U/S 24 āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

3. What is an object opposed to public policy?
ā§Š/ ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āύীāϤিā§° āĻŦিā§°োāϧী āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻ•ি?

Ans:

4. Differentiate between maintenance and champerty.
ā§Ē/ ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖাāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφ⧰ু āϚেāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°্āϟিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ ā§°াāĻ–āĻ•।

Ans:

5. Differentiate between void agreements and illegal agreements.
ā§Ģ/ āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

6. Define uncertain agreements.
ā§Ŧ) āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া।

Ans:

7. What is a wagering agreement? 8. Differentiate a wagering agreement from Insurance Contracts.
ā§­/ āĻŦাāϜিā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•ি? ā§Ž) āĻāϟা āĻŦাāϜি āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦীāĻŽা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āϕ⧰া।

Ans:  


LONG QUESTIONS āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. "All illegal agreements are void but all void agreements are not illegal." Comment.

ā§§/ "āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āύāĻšāϝ়।" āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ.

Ans:

2. Under what circumstances is the object or consideration of a contract deemed unlawful ? Illustrate with examples.
⧍) āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় ? āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖেā§°ে āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

Ans:

3. What is an illegal agreement? What are the effects of illegality?
ā§Š/ āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•ি? āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧāϤাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?

Ans:


4. "No action is allowed on an illegal agreement." What are the exceptions to his rule? ā§Ē/ "āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āĻ…āύুāĻŽāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ়।" āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

Ans:

5. Discuss the doctrine of public policy. Give examples of agreements contrary to public policy.
ā§Ģ/ ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āύীāϤিā§° āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া। ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āύীāϤিā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া।

Ans:


6. Name several types to agreements which are illegal because they are contrary to public policy.
ā§Ŧ) āĻāύে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϟাāĻ“ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻ–া āϝিāĻŦোā§° ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āύীāϤিā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ।

Ans:

7. "An agreement in restraint of trade is void." Examine this statement mentioning exceptions, if any.
ā§­/ "āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ।" āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰ি āĻāχ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāϟো āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰āĻ•, āϝāĻĻি āφāĻ›ে।

Ans: .


8. What are wagering agreements? What are the legal effects of such agreements ? Is a contract of insurance a wagering agreement? 

ā§Ž/ āĻŦাāϜিā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•ি āĻ•ি? āĻāύে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āφāχāύী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি ? āĻŦীāĻŽাā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻāϟা āĻŦাāϜিā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:




Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar

Edit By- Mandira Saha



Post ID : DABP003517