Chapter 8
Discharge of Contract
āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি
Question
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Which of the following discharges a contract? ā§§/ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻোāύāĻোā§ąে āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°ে? (a) Lapse of time (b) Novation
(c) Breach (d) All of the above
(āĻ) āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ āϤিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ (āĻ) āĻ¨ā§ąীāĻā§°āĻŖ (āĻ) āĻāϞংāĻা (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°
Ans: (d) All of the above āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°
2. A time-barred debt is a debt which is unclaimed & unpaid for a period of ?
⧍. āĻাāĻāĻŽ-āĻŦাā§°েāĻĄ āĻāĻŖ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāύে āĻāĻা āĻāĻŖ āϝিāĻো ? (a) 3 years (b) 4 years
(c) 5 years (d) 2 years
(āĻ) ā§Š āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ā§Ē āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻā§° (āĻ) ⧍ āĻŦāĻā§°
Ans: (a) 3 years āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) ā§Š āĻŦāĻā§° 3. Complete the sentence: "What has been created by an agreement may be agreement." _______ by an
ā§Š/ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ: "āĻāĻা āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϝিāĻো āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻšৈāĻে āϏেāϝ়া āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।" _______ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāĻāύ (a) Continued (b) Extinguished (c) Handled (d) Performed
(āĻ) āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ (āĻ) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ (āĻ) āĻāĻŽ্āĻাāϞি āϞোā§ąা (āĻ) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻā§°া
Ans: (b) Extinguished
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ
4. When parties decide to substitute an exixting contract with a new contract, it is called as
ā§Ē) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒāĻ্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšে āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύāĻ āύāϤুāύ āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§°ে āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°াā§° āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϞāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāϝ়াāĻ as āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ় (a) Remission (b) Restitution (c) Novation (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻ্āώāĻŽা (āĻ) āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ
(āĻ) āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻāύ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (c) Novation āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ) āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻāύ
5. Remission is an agreement to receive ______ than due.
ā§Ģ/ ā§°েāĻŽিāĻāύ āĻšৈāĻে āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϏীāĻŽাāϤāĻৈ ______ āϞাāĻ āĻā§°াā§° āĻুāĻ্āϤি। (a) Less (b) More (c) Equivalent (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻāĻŽ (āĻ) āĻ āϧিāĻ (āĻ) āϏāĻŽāϤুāϞ্āϝ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (a) Less āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻāĻŽ
6. Waiver is ______ of a right. ā§Ŧ/ ā§°েāĻšাāĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻা āĻ āϧিāĻাā§°ā§° ______।
(a) Abandonment (b) Continuation (c) Extinguishing (d) None of the above (āĻ) āĻĒā§°িāϤ্āϝাāĻ (āĻ) āϧাā§°াāĻŦাāĻšিāĻāϤা (āĻ) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ āĻā§°া (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (a) Abandonment āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻĒā§°িāϤ্āϝাāĻ
FILL IN THE BLANKS
āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ 1. Restitution means ______ benefits & compensate ______. (eam/restore, expenses/losses)
ā§§. āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύে ______ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা & āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ ______। (eam/āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°, āĻā§°āĻ/āϞোāĻāĻাāύ)
Ans: (1) restore, losses āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§° āĻā§°া, āϞোāĻāĻাāύ
2. Satisfaction is the______ which makes an agreement of accord operative. (consideration/return)
⧍) āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻি āĻšৈāĻে āϏেāĻ___ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻā§°া
3. Breach means _______ of a contract. (non performance/fraud)
ā§Š/ āĻংāĻ āĻŽাāύে āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° _______। (āĻ āĻĒাā§°āĻĢā§°āĻŽেāύ্āϏ/āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻ্āĻāύা)
Ans: (3) non-performance āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻā§°ীāϤা
4. Anticipatory breach is _______ destruction of contract. (mature/premature)
ā§Ē/ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻংāĻ āĻš’āϞ _______ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ। (āĻĒā§°িāĻĒāĻ্āĻ/āĻ āĻাāϞāĻĒāĻ্āĻ)
Ans: (4) premature āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻ āĻাāϞāϤে āĻšোā§ąা
5. Impossibility existing at the time of making an agreement makes an agreement ________. (vold/valid) ā§Ģ) āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤাāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤি ______ āĻā§°ে। (āĻŦাāϤিāϞ/āĻŦৈāϧ)
Ans: (5) void āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻļূāύ্āϝ
TRUE/FALSE
āϏঁāĻা/āĻŽিāĻা 1. Doctrine of frustration is discharge of contract by impossibility of performance.
ā§§/ āĻšāϤাāĻļাā§° āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি।
Ans: (1) True āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāĻা
⧍) āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°াāĻো āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤাāĻ āĻ āϤিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°াā§° āĻ āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ।
Ans: (2) True āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āϏঁāĻা
3. of performance is also supervening impossibility of performance.
3. āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤাāĻো āĻুāĻĒাā§°ি āĻā§°া।
Ans: (3) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻা
4. Bankruptcy discharges the debts of a person. ā§Ē/ āĻĻেāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻāĻŖ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (4) True āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āϏঁāĻা
5. Breach does not discharge a contract only postpones it. ā§Ģ/ āĻংāĻ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻুāĻ্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āύāĻšāϝ় āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻĒিāĻুā§ąাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়ে।
Ans: (5) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻŽিāĻা
SHORT QUESTIONS
āĻুāĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Define the following ā§§/ āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻāĻĨাāĻিāύি āϏংāĻ্āĻাāϝ়িāϤ āĻā§°āĻ (a) Remission (b) Novation (c) Accord & Satisfaction
(d) Alteration (e) Waiver
(āĻ) ā§°েāĻŽিāĻāύ (āĻ) āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻāύ (āĻ) āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻā§°ু āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻি (āĻ) āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ (āĻ) ā§°েāĻšাāĻ
Ans:
2. What is supervening impossibility of performance?
⧍/ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻুāĻĒাā§°āĻেāύিং āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤা āĻি?
Ans: 3. Can the contract discharge by expiry of time?
ā§Š/ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻļেāώ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?
Ans:
4. Explain how can the contract discharge by operation of law.
ā§Ē/ āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻাā§°্āϝāĻā§°ীāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āϏেāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
5. Explain the kinds of breach.
ā§Ģ/ āĻংāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া।
Ans:
6. How can a breach be committed by a party?
ā§Ŧ/ āĻোāύো āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻংāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
Ans:
7. What are the consequences of breach of contract?
ā§/ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻংāĻ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻি āĻĒā§°িāĻŖāϤি āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
Ans:
8. Differentiate between actual and anticipatory breach by using examples.
ā§Ž) āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻংāĻā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻā§°া।
Ans:
9. Can an agreement become void because of impossibility of performance?
⧝/ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ą āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে?
Ans:
LONG QUESTIONS
āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Explain, with illustrations, what is meant by the frustration of a contract.
ā§§/ āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻšāϤাāĻļাāĻ āĻি āĻŦুāĻাāϝ়, āĻĻৃāώ্āĻাāύ্āϤ⧰ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
2. Explain 'breach of contract' as a mode of discharge of contract.
⧍) āĻুāĻ্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āϧ⧰āĻŖ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে ‘āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻংāĻ’ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
ā§Š/ ‘āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻংāĻ’ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ’āϞে āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻি āĻŦুāĻি āĻĒাāϝ়? āĻāύে āĻāϞংāĻাā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ্āĻাāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
Ans:
4. Explain the various modes to discharge a contract.
ā§Ē/ āĻāĻা āĻুāĻ্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
5. Discuss the effect of supervening impossibility on the performance of a contract.
ā§Ģ) āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻুāĻĒাā§°āĻেāύিং āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
6. How far are the liabilities of the parties affected by supervening impossibility?
ā§Ŧ/ āĻুāĻĒাā§°āĻেāύিং āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒāĻ্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻĻূā§°āϞৈāĻে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻšāϝ়?
Ans:
7. How can a contract discharge by:
ā§/ āĻāĻা āĻুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻেāύেāĻৈ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি: (a) Lapse of time (b) Performance (c) Operation of Law
(āĻ) āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ āϤিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ
(āĻ) āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ
(āĻ) āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻাāϞāύা
Ans:
8. Can by forming an agreement, the old contract can be discharged?
ā§Ž/ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻ āύ āĻā§°ি āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāύে?
Ans:
Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar
Post ID : DABP003518