Chapter 8 

Discharge of Contract
āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি

Question
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Which of the following discharges a contract? ā§§/ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύāϟোā§ąে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰ে? (a) Lapse of time (b) Novation

(c) Breach (d) All of the above 

(āĻ•) āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ (āĻ–) āĻ¨ā§ąীāϕ⧰āĻŖ (āĻ—) āωāϞংāϘা (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (d) All of the above āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

2. A time-barred debt is a debt which is unclaimed & unpaid for a period of ? 

⧍. āϟাāχāĻŽ-āĻŦাā§°েāĻĄ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāύে āĻāϟা āĻ‹āĻŖ āϝিāϟো ? (a) 3 years (b) 4 years

(c) 5 years (d) 2 years 

(āĻ•) ā§Š āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āĻ–) ā§Ē āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āĻ—) ā§Ģ āĻŦāϛ⧰ (āϘ) ⧍ āĻŦāϛ⧰

Ans: (a) 3 years āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) ā§Š āĻŦāϛ⧰ 3. Complete the sentence: "What has been created by an agreement may be agreement." _______ by an 

ā§Š/ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•: "āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϝিāϟো āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏেāϝ়া āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।" _______ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāϜāύ (a) Continued (b) Extinguished (c) Handled (d) Performed 

(āĻ•) āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ (āĻ–) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ (āĻ—) āϚāĻŽ্āĻ­াāϞি āϞোā§ąা (āϘ) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰া

Ans: (b) Extinguished

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ–) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ

4. When parties decide to substitute an exixting contract with a new contract, it is called as 

ā§Ē) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšে āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻāĻ–āύāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§°ে āϏāϞāύি āϕ⧰াā§° āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϞāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āχāϝ়াāĻ• as āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ় (a) Remission (b) Restitution (c) Novation (d) None of the above 

(āĻ•) āĻ•্āώāĻŽা (āĻ–) āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ (āĻ—) āĻ¨ā§ąেāϚāύ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Novation āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āĻ¨ā§ąেāϚāύ

5. Remission is an agreement to receive ______ than due. 

ā§Ģ/ ā§°েāĻŽিāĻ›āύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϏীāĻŽাāϤāĻ•ৈ ______ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি। (a) Less (b) More (c) Equivalent (d) None of the above 

(āĻ•) āĻ•āĻŽ (āĻ–) āĻ…āϧিāĻ• (āĻ—) āϏāĻŽāϤুāϞ্āϝ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) Less āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻ•āĻŽ

6. Waiver is ______ of a right. ā§Ŧ/ ā§°েāĻšাāχ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϟা āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ā§° ______।

(a) Abandonment (b) Continuation (c) Extinguishing (d) None of the above (āĻ•) āĻĒā§°িāϤ্āϝাāĻ— (āĻ–) āϧাā§°াāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āϤা (āĻ—) āύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒিāϤ āϕ⧰া (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) Abandonment āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻĒā§°িāϤ্āϝাāĻ—


FILL IN THE BLANKS

āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. Restitution means ______ benefits & compensate ______. (eam/restore, expenses/losses) 

ā§§. āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύে ______ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা & āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ ______। (eam/āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§°, āĻ–ā§°āϚ/āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ)

Ans: (1) restore, losses āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻĻ্āϧাā§° āϕ⧰া, āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ

2. Satisfaction is the______ which makes an agreement of accord operative.  (consideration/return) 

⧍) āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏেāχ___ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āϕ⧰া

3. Breach means _______ of a contract. (non performance/fraud) 

ā§Š/ āĻ­ংāĻ— āĻŽাāύে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° _______। (āĻ…āĻĒাā§°āĻĢā§°āĻŽেāύ্āϏ/āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāύা)

Ans: (3) non-performance āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻ…āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝāϕ⧰ীāϤা

4. Anticipatory breach is _______ destruction of contract. (mature/premature) 

ā§Ē/ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻ­ংāĻ— āĻš’āϞ _______ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ। (āĻĒā§°িāĻĒāĻ•্āĻ•/āĻ…āĻ•াāϞāĻĒāĻ•্āĻ•)

Ans: (4) premature āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻ…āĻ•াāϞāϤে āĻšোā§ąা


5. Impossibility existing at the time of making an agreement makes an agreement ________. (vold/valid) ā§Ģ) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąāϤাāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি ______ āϕ⧰ে। (āĻŦাāϤিāϞ/āĻŦৈāϧ)

Ans: (5) void āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻļূāύ্āϝ


TRUE/FALSE

āϏঁāϚা/āĻŽিāĻ›া 1. Doctrine of frustration is discharge of contract by impossibility of performance. 

ā§§/ āĻšāϤাāĻļাā§° āĻŽāϤāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąāϤাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি।

Ans: (1) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāϚা

2. Declaration of war is one of the examples of supervening impossibility of performance. 

⧍) āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āϘোāώāĻŖা āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąāϤাāĻ• āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ।

Ans: (2) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āϏঁāϚা

3. of performance is also supervening impossibility of performance.

 3. āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąāϤাāĻ•ো āϚুāĻĒাā§°ি āϕ⧰া।

Ans: (3) False  

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻ›া


4. Bankruptcy discharges the debts of a person. ā§Ē/ āĻĻেāωāϞীāϝ়া āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (4) True āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āϏঁāϚা

5. Breach does not discharge a contract only postpones it. ā§Ģ/ āĻ­ংāĻ— āϕ⧰িāϞে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āύāĻšāϝ় āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻĒিāĻ›ুā§ąাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়ে।

Ans: (5) False 

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ģ) āĻŽিāĻ›া


SHORT QUESTIONS

āϚুāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Define the following ā§§/ āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨাāĻ–িāύি āϏংāϜ্āĻžাāϝ়িāϤ āϕ⧰āĻ• (a) Remission (b) Novation (c) Accord & Satisfaction

(d) Alteration (e) Waiver 

(āĻ•) ā§°েāĻŽিāĻ›āύ (āĻ–) āĻ¨ā§ąেāϚāύ (āĻ—) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟি (āϘ) āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ (āĻ™) ā§°েāĻšাāχ

Ans:

2. What is supervening impossibility of performance? 

⧍/ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ⧰ āĻ›ুāĻĒাā§°āĻ­েāύিং āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąāϤা āĻ•ি?

Ans: 3. Can the contract discharge by expiry of time? 

ā§Š/ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻļেāώ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?

Ans:

4. Explain how can the contract discharge by operation of law. 

ā§Ē/ āφāχāύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ীāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āϏেāχ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

5. Explain the kinds of breach. 

ā§Ģ/ āĻ­ংāĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া।

Ans:

6. How can a breach be committed by a party? 

ā§Ŧ/ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻ­ংāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Ans:

7. What are the consequences of breach of contract?

ā§­/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ­ংāĻ— āϕ⧰িāϞে āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িāĻŖāϤি āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Ans:

8. Differentiate between actual and anticipatory breach by using examples.

ā§Ž) āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻ­ংāĻ—ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

9. Can an agreement become void because of impossibility of performance? 

⧝/ āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে?

Ans:

LONG QUESTIONS 

āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Explain, with illustrations, what is meant by the frustration of a contract. 

ā§§/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻšāϤাāĻļাāχ āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়, āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ⧰ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

2. Explain 'breach of contract' as a mode of discharge of contract.

⧍) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āϧ⧰āĻŖ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে ‘āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ­ংāĻ—’ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

3. What do you understand by 'anticipatory breach of contract'? State the rights of the promisee in case of such breach. 

ā§Š/ ‘āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻ­ংāĻ—’ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•’āϞে āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāϝ়? āĻāύে āωāϞংāϘাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϜ্āĻžাāĻ•াā§°ীā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

4. Explain the various modes to discharge a contract.

ā§Ē/ āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

5. Discuss the effect of supervening impossibility on the performance of a contract.

ā§Ģ) āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ›ুāĻĒাā§°āĻ­েāύিং āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

6. How far are the liabilities of the parties affected by supervening impossibility?

ā§Ŧ/ āĻ›ুāĻĒাā§°āĻ­েāύিং āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ąā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻĻূā§°āϞৈāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:

7. How can a contract discharge by: 

ā§­/ āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি: (a) Lapse of time (b) Performance (c) Operation of Law

(āĻ•) āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ

(āĻ–) āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ

(āĻ—) āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞāύা

Ans:

8. Can by forming an agreement, the old contract can be discharged? 

ā§Ž/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰ি āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāύে?

Ans:



Type: Priyam Jyoti Patar



Post ID : DABP003518