The Age of Industrialisation


Write in brief

1. Explain the following:

a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

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b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing

peasants and artisans within the villages.

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c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

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d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

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2. Write True or False against each statement:

a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in

Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.

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b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the

eighteenth century.

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c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.

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d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled handloom workers to improve their

productivity.

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3. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation.

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Discuss

Project work

1. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

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2. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from

Indian weavers?

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3. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopaedia on Britain and the

history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.

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4. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War?

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