1. Give a
definition of 'human geography' and mention its main branches.
Answer: The field of geography that studies human relationships with the natural environment and the human environment created by humans in relation to space and time is broadly called human
geography.
Its main branches are: settlement geography, social geography, economic geography, cultural geography, political geography, urban geography, etc.
2. Briefly write about the content of human geography.
Answer: The branch of geography that studies human relationships with the natural environment and the resulting human environment created by humans in space and time is broadly called human geography. As one of the major disciplines of geography, the diversity and breadth of the subject matter of human geography is remarkable. Therefore, many branches of administration have been formed. These include settlement geography, social geography, economic geography, health geography, planning geography, etc. All these disciplines are human-centric. Therefore, it is essential to study the growth, distribution, characteristics, activities, etc. of the Earth's human population, including its structure.
3. Briefly describe what is meant by the human race.
Answer: A human race is when a group of people with almost the same physical structure and skin color carry these characteristics through normal birth.
4. Briefly write on the basis of which mankind is divided.
Answer: People living on Earth differ classically in skin color and certain physical characteristics such as hair type, height, nose and mouth. Based on these differences, people around the world are broadly divided into three main human races: 1) Caucasians, 2) Negroids, and 3) Mongolians.
5. Briefly discuss the creation of man and mankind.
Answer: The creation of man and mankind is still somewhat mysterious. According to evolutionary formulas, humans called Homo sapiens evolved in some parts of the world as a result of the evolution of
mammals such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas due to a favorable natural environment including climate in the middle of the Pleistocene. Biologists and ethnologists believe that humans were originally born mainly in central Africa and spread to other parts of the world.
6. Divide the people of the world according to differences in physical characteristics such as hair, nose, face, height, skin, etc.
Answer: People on Earth are divided into three groups according to the differences in physical characteristics like hair, nose, face, height, skin etc.: 1) Caucasian group 2) Negroid group 3) Mongolian
group.
7. Name the characteristics of the three major human races on Earth.
Answer: a) Caucasian group: European Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean peoples, Semitic-Hemitic peoples of West Asia belong to this human group. The body skin is very white among Europeans and brown among Indians and Southwest Asians. The hair is usually straight or somewhat curled and black or brown.
b) Negroid group: The Negroid people live mainly in Africa, South India in Asia and parts of Sri Lanka and Oceania. These people have predominantly black or brown skin, curly hair and a broad, flat
nose. Most of them are quite tall.
c) Mongolian group: The Mongolian people live mainly in Central and East Asia and Southeast Asia. These people have predominantly yellow skin, small eyes and straight or erect hair. Most of the population of Assam such as Boro, Karbi, Miching, Garo etc. are mainly Mongolian ethnic groups.
8. In which regions of the world are humans believed to have first appeared?
Answer: It is very difficult to say exactly when and where man was first created on Earth. However, modern archeology suggests that humans appeared in the eastern part of tropical Africa on the Old
Earth at least 100,000 years ago. It is believed that the physical structure of humans at that time was a combination of the three major human races. Asia is currently considered to be secondary in this regard.
9. What are the main religions of the world? Discuss the distribution and main characteristics of these religions including their population.
Answer: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are the major religions in the world in terms of population. These four religions account for about 75 per cent of the world's population, with the remaining 25 per cent belonging to Sikhism, Jainism, Lokdharma and Vainchava. Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world. The vast country of India, east of the Indus River, is the birthplace of Hinduism. Hinduism is based on the belief in many gods and goddesses. The Vedas are the basic text of Hinduism. Islam was born in the desert region of the Middle East about 1,400 years ago. Shia and Sunni are the
two main divisions of Islam. It is the second largest religion in the world. As of 2006, it has a total population of 1.35 billion. This is about 21 percent of the world's population. Two thousand years ago, Christianity emerged around the Greek and Roman civilizations in Europe. According to 2006 data, there are 2.13 billion Christians worldwide. Buddhism was born 2,500 years ago in the Buddhist Gaya region of northern India.
Buddhists make up about 6 percent of the world's population. According to 2006 data, there are 380 million Buddhists worldwide.
10. Briefly write about the population structure and distribution of India.
Answer: The birthplaces of the major religions of the world and their surrounding areas have the highest density of followers of those religions but due to migration, people of different religions are found almost everywhere in the world. In this area, however, Christianity is the most widespread religion. This is because there are many conversions from different religions to Christianity all over the world including tribal people. Christians, who make up about one-third of the world's population, range from North and South America in the West to Europe, parts of Asia, southern Africa, and Oceania. Although
India is a predominantly Hindu country, it is also home to people of various other religions. Assam is also home to many religions. Hindus make up 64.9 per cent of the total population, follow Islam by 30.9 per cent, Christians by 3.7 per cent, Buddhists by 0.2 per cent, Sikhs by 0.1 per cent and Jains by 0.1 per
cent.
11. Write a brief:
A) Humans and Human Geography: According to biological evolutionary formulas, Homo sapiens evolved in some parts of the world as a result of the evolution of mammals such as monkeys, chimpanzees, gorillas, etc. due to a favorable natural environment including climate. Human geography is the field of geography that studies human relationships with the natural environment and the resulting human environment in space and time.
b) Humans: Biologists and ethnologists believe that humans were originally born mainly in central Africa and spread to other parts of the Earth. Later, due to changes in the natural environment and
biological evolution, there were significant differences in body colour, hair structure and other physical characteristics in different parts of the world. The main human races on Earth can be divided into three groups: 1) Caucasian 2) Negroid 3) Mongolian.
C) Negroids: Negroids live mainly in Africa, Asia, South India and Sri Lanka, parts of Southeast Asia. They have predominantly black or brown skin, curly hair and a broad, flat nose. Most of
them are quite tall.
d) Religious structure: Most people in the world are guided by a certain belief. Religion in the general sense is the set of rules and principles that people in different parts or groups of the world follow for their livelihood. There are many religions in the world. These include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, etc.
e) Buddhism: Buddhism was born 2500 years ago in the Buddhist Gaya region of northern India under the leadership of Gautama Buddha after some reforms of Hinduism. Like other religions, Buddhism has two main divisions一 Hinayana and Mahayana. Buddhists make up about 6 percent of the world's population.
f) Christians in India: Christianity emerged two thousand years ago around the Greek and Roman civilizations of Europe. There are two main sects of this religion 一 Roman Catholic and Protestant. India Christians make up 2.3 percent of the population.
12. Choose the correct answer:
a) When was man created on earth?
(1) 5-6 million years ago
(2) 1-200,000 years ago
(3) 5-6 million years ago
(4) 10-12 million years ago
Answer: 1-2 lakh years ago.
b) What is the largest religious group in the world by population?
(1) Islam
(2) Hinduism
(3) Christianity
(4) Chinese folk religion
Answer: Christianity.
c) On which continent was man first created?
(1) Asia
(2) Africa
(3) Europe
(4) Oceania
Answer: The continent of Africa.
d) To which human group do the people of China belong?
(1) Caucasian group
(2) The Negroeu group
(3) Mongolian group
(4) Australoid group
Answer: The Mongolian group.
