Industry

1. Classify the industry by stating the basis of classification.

Answer: Industries can be classified as follows on the basis of size of establishment, raw materials used, production and ownership.

Industries can be divided into three main types according to their size— 

    (a) Domestic Industries, 

    (b) Small Enterprises and 

    (c) Large enterprises.

Industries can be divided into five main categories according to the raw materials used— 

    (a) Agro-based industries, 

    (b) Mineral Resource Based Enterprises, 

    (c) Chemical based industries, 

    (d) Forest resource based industries and 

    (e) Animal Based Enterprises.

There are two main types of industries based on the products produced:

    (a) Basic Industries and 

    (b) Consumer Goods Industry.

There are three types of industries according to the ownership of the institution: 

    (a) public sector enterprises, 

    (b) Private sector enterprises and 

    (c) Joint Sector Enterprises.

2. What is a domestic industry? What kind of products are usually manufactured through this industry.

Answer: Domestic industries are very small scale industries. The industry is usually developed by family members at home. The industry produces goods using indigenous raw materials and very simple equipment or traditional techniques. The produce is usually used at home or sold in the local market.

Domestic products include pottery or metal utensils, shawls, food items, furniture, ornaments etc.

4. The Explain with examples what is an agro-based industry.

Answer: Agro-based industries are also industries that rely on agricultural crops or products.

Agricultural products require at least some treatment to make them usable or for storage. This is the reason for the development of rice mills, wheat mills, sugar mills, beverage (tea, coffee etc.) industry, oil industry, spice industry etc. Some crops are produced in large quantities during a particular season of the year and therefore agro-based industries are also established for export.

5. Give a brief overview of the mineral resource based industry.

Answer: The main raw materials of mineral resource based industries are various types of mineral resources. Such industries naturally develop in regions of the world rich in mineral resources. However, nowadays, due to increased transportation facilities, it has become possible to develop mineral-based industries even in places where there are no mineral resources. Production of iron, steel, aluminium, copper, petroleum etc. is a mineral resource based industry.

6. Give examples of what is meant by basic industry.

Answer: Industries that produce raw materials required for other industries. Those industries are called basic industries.

The iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because it supplies raw materials to the machinery manufacturing industries. Machinery, in turn, helps in the production of other objects or materials. 

7. Give an overview of the factors governing the position of the industry.

Answer: The factors controlling the industry are energy, favorable natural environment, labour, market and transportation.

a) Energy: Energy is essential for the running of an industry. Industries can be easily established in areas where energy is readily available. Therefore, industries are located around areas where coal, crude oil and hydropower are produced.


b) Favorable Natural Environment:- Favorable natural environment is required for an industry to survive. Industry is less located in very hot or cold regions, flood or earthquake prone areas. European countries are industrially advanced due to their favorable natural environment (temperate regions).


c) Labour:- Labor is essential for industry. Advanced scientific technology can accomplish many things today but they have not replaced labour. 


D. Market:- The products produced in an industry require a market. That market can be around the industry or far away. Once upon a time, European countries such as England, the Netherlands, and France were in a race to establish their own empires around the world to capture markets ǀ 


e) Good transportation:- Good transportation is essential for industry. With improved transportation facilities, the products produced in the industry can be easily shipped to long distances and the required raw materials can be imported from other places even if they are not available nearby.


8. Give examples of the role of raw materials in the location of an industry.

Answer: All industries require raw materials. Raw materials can be obtained from many sources. Some raw materials are heavy. Others are relatively thin, but spoil quickly. Others lose significant weight as they go through the production process. These can be called weight loosing raw materials. Therefore, the source of raw materials largely controls the location of the industry. As the main raw material of iron and steel is heavy iron ore, the industry is usually established near the source behind the iron ore. This significantly reduces the cost of transporting raw materials. Cotton, the main raw material of the weaving industry, is lightweight and does not lose much weight during the production process. Therefore, the cotton industry may not be located at the source of raw materials. Similarly, sugar is the main industry. As the raw material is maize, it is more convenient if this industry is located near the maize production area. There are many disadvantages in transporting raw maize over long distances which are likely to spoil quickly. Thus, the quality of raw materials and the location of source largely control the location of the industry.

9. Briefly write about the iron and steel industry in India.

Answer: Iron and steel industry is a basic industry Large iron and steel industries are usually established near the source of its raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone. Small scale iron and steel industries can also be established near the market. These industries require large capital to establish and therefore iron and steel industries are available only in the developed countries of the world. 

There is evidence of traditional methods of manufacturing iron products in India.  Its modern industrial production in the country began in J. in Jamshedpur. N.S. Tata established the first iron and steel industry. India's iron and steel industry is mainly spread over the famous Manik region comprising Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. The raw materials required for the iron and steel industry are concentrated in this region as it is readily available. However, iron and steel industries also developed in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in southern India. The major iron and steel industrial centers of the country are Durgapur, Barnpur, Jamshedpur, Asansol, Bokaro, Rurkela and Vilai. Iron and steel industries have also developed in Salem and Bhadravati in South India. India is one of the most prominent countries in the world in terms of iron and steel industry. India currently produces more than 30 million metric tonnes of steel annually. The country also produces more than four million metric tonnes of crude iron annually. 

10. Give a description of the cotton weaving industry in India.

Answer: Cotton weaving industry has a special place among the weaving industries. However, nowadays, the industry is facing serious challenges from the synthetic yarn manufacturing industries. The main raw material of the cotton weaving industry is high quality cotton. Cotton is a weight loss raw material. Therefore, there is no significant difference in transportation costs whether the industry is located near the source of raw materials or near the market. Other factors such as energy, labour, favorable natural environment, markets, transportation facilities etc. largely control the location of the industry. Various states of India such as Gujarat-Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Surat, Porbandar; Maharashtra- Pune, Mumbai, Kolahpur, Aurangabad; Madhya Pradesh - Ujjain, Indore, Nagpur; West Bengal - Calcutta, Howrah, Hooghly, Murshidabad; Tamil Nadu –Halem, Chennai, Madurai; Karnataka –Bangalore, Mysore; The cotton weaving industry is located in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.

11. Draw a map of India showing the location of three iron and steel industries and three cotton weaving industries.


Answer: Three iron and steel industries in India-


(i) Durgapur, (ii) Jamshedpur, (iii) Rurkela.


Three cotton weaving industries in India-


(i) Maharashtra, (ii) Gujarat, (iii) Madhya Pradesh.



Editing By:- Lipi Medhi