Types or classes of government

Very short answer question: 


1 . Who was the first political philosopher to classify government?


Answer: Plato was the first political philosopher to classify government.


2. The Which is the most popular type of government in the world today?


Answer: The most popular government in the world today is the parliamentary system of government.


3. The Name a country with a parliamentary system of government.


Answer: England is a country with a parliamentary system of government.

                              

4. . Who is the Head of Government and Head of State of a parliamentary system of government?


Answer: In a parliamentary system of government, the head of government is the Prime Minister and the head of state is the President.


5. 5. What kind of government has a separation of powers policy?


Answer: There is a presidential government with a policy of separation of powers.


6. . Name a country with a presidential government.


Answer: A country with a presidential government is called一 the United States Government.


7. Name a country with a unitary government.


Answer: A country with a unitary government is called 一 Japan.


8. 8. What are the two types of government in the federal system of government?


Answer: There are two types of federal government: the central government and the state government.


9. Which system of government exists in Switzerland?


Answer: Switzerland has a federal system of government.


10. . Is there a dual citizenship system in India?


Answer:  There is no dual citizenship in India.


Short answer questions:


1 . What are the different types of governments in the world today?


Answer: The various types of government in the world today are central, federal, parliamentary, and presidential. 


2. The Write down two characteristics of parliamentary system of government.


Answer: Two characteristics of a parliamentary system of government are一 


1. Two heads.


2. Collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers. 


3. The Briefly state two disadvantages and two advantages of parliamentary system of government. 


Answer: Parliamentary government has two qualities


1. This government is of a flexible character. The process of executive change in this government is easy. 


2. In a parliamentary system of government, there is good relations and cooperation between the executive and the legislature. As a result, any problem can be resolved through the law.


Parliamentary government has two faults:


1. In the absence of separation of powers, legislative and executive powers are vested in the Council of Ministers in a parliamentary system of government. This is likely to lead to a dictatorial rule by the Council of Ministers.


2. In such a system of governance, party practices gain special importance. Internal conflicts between parties poison politics and adversely affect the functioning of government.


4. . What does the principle of separation of powers mean? 


Answer: The principle of separation of powers means that in a presidential government, the executive is not accountable to the legislature. Both positions are completely independent. Members of the Legislature cannot be members of the Executive. Unlike a parliamentary system of government, in a presidential government, members of the executive cannot participate in the agenda of the legislature. 


5. 5. Write down two characteristics of Presidential Government. 


Answer: Two characteristics of Presidential Government are:


a) Fixed term of office of the President: In a presidential government, the President is elected for a fixed term. The President cannot be removed from office during his term of office for any reason other than the passing of a motion of impeachment against him for contempt of the Constitution. The process of removing a President from power by impeachment is very complicated. 


b) The fixed term of the Legislative Assembly: In a Presidential Government, the Legislature shall not be dissolved for any reason before the expiry of its term. This government does not have the power to dissolve the Legislature by the President.


6. . Briefly state two advantages and two disadvantages of a central government. 


Answer: The two advantages of a central government are: 


a) In a unitary government, the cost of running the government is low. As a result, there is an opportunity to spend more money on development works. 


b) The constitution of such a government is flexible and can be easily amended according to the environment and circumstances.


Two disadvantages of a central government:


a) This government is not suitable for a large state.


b) Unilateral government is more bureaucratic. In such a government, the bureaucrats actually rule.


Long answer questions:


1 . Write down the advantages and disadvantages of Presidential Government.

 

Answer: The characteristics of Presidential Government are:


 1. In a presidential government, the government is permanent because the President is elected for a fixed term and cannot be easily removed from office. The Legislature also has a fixed term.


 2. The The separation of powers allows all three organs of government to function independently. It is worth mentioning that this government has a 'checks and balance' policy and no part of the government can be arbitrary.


3. Such a government is very useful for emergencies. Since the real power of government is concentrated in the hands of the President, it is easy to take any decision quickly in an emergency.


4. The Such a government can easily maintain the unity and cohesion of the country as the executive is strong.


5. Because the federal government is free from the influence of political parties, the President does not have to rely on the support of a majority in Parliament to perform his duties.

 

The faults of the Presidential Government are:


1. In a presidential government, the government is likely to be arbitrary because the legislature cannot control the president.


2. Due to the separation of powers policy, there is no cooperation between the executive and legislature in a presidential government. Overall, it adversely affects the administration of the country. 


3. One of the characteristics of a presidential government is its rigid constitution. If the Constitution is inflexible, it is difficult to amend the Constitution in changing environments and circumstances.


8. In a presidential government, a political crisis is more likely to occur if the executive and legislature belong to different political parties.


5. In this government, personal loyalty is likely to take precedence over qualifications and experience in getting a ministry (Secretary).


2. The Write down the characteristics of parliamentary system of government. 


Answer: The characteristics of a parliamentary system of government are:


a. Two heads:  This government has two heads of state. One is the real executive and the other is the nominal executive. The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister is the real executive and the Head of State (King/Queen/President) is the nominal executive.


b. Members of the Executive are also members of the Legislative Assembly: In this government, the members of the executive, ie the cabinet, are also members of the legislature. 


c. Relationship between the Legislature and the Executive In a parliamentary system of government, the legislature and the executive are closely related.


d. The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Legislature In a parliamentary system of government, the executive is responsible to the legislature for all its functions. If the Legislative Assembly passes a no-confidence motion, the Cabinet is forced to resign.


e. Collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers: In this government, the Cabinet is collectively accountable to the Legislature. All members of the Council of Ministers are responsible for the failure of one member.

 

3. The Discuss with examples why federal system of government is popular today. 


Answer: Here are some examples of why federal government is popular today:


1. Decentralization of power:  The division of powers between the central government and the governments of the member states is a major feature of the federal government. 


2. Separation of powers: In the federal government, the three organs of government – ​​the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary – are independent in their respective functions. One does not complement the other.

 

3. Written and firm constitution: The constitution of the federal government is the written constitution. This Constitution is either rigid or firm. The process of amending this Constitution is also very complicated.


4. The There are two types of government: There are two types of government in the federal government. One is the Central Government and the other is the State Government. Both types of government have their own constitutions. 


5. Dual-citizenship: In a country with a federal government, people can enjoy two types of citizenship. They are citizens of the entire country and also enjoy special status as citizens of the state in which they reside. 


6. Independent Ombudsman:  The federal system of government consists of an independent and impartial court,0 which acts as the supreme executive and guardian of the Constitution. For these reasons, the federal system of government is becoming popular today. 


4. . Write down the characteristics of a unitary government. 


Answer: The characteristics of a unitary government are:


a) Strong Central Government: In such a government, the Constitution delegates all powers to the Central Government. As a result, the position of the Central Government is very strong. 


b) Written or unwritten constitution: In a unitary government, the constitution can be written or unwritten. For example, the Constitution of England is unwritten and the Constitution of the Netherlands is written.


c) Single citizenship:  Single citizenship is the main feature of a unitary government. There is no dual citizenship system like in the United States. 


d) Weak Ombudsman: In a unitary government, the Legislative Assembly prevails. Laws made by the Legislative Assembly are applicable to the whole country and there is no judicial review of such laws. The judiciary cannot declare laws enacted by the Legislative Assembly unconstitutional. 


e) Flexible Constitution: The constitution of a unitary government is usually flexible. The Central Government may amend the Constitution at its discretion.


5. Is a unitary government really democratic? Offering criticism.


Answer: Democratic countries are governed by a central or federal government, but a central government cannot be truly democratic. Democracy means the rule of the people or the people. The constitution of a unitary government is usually flexible. The Central Government may amend the Constitution if necessary. The central government has a heavier workload. Unilateral government is more bureaucratic. In such a government, the bureaucrats actually rule. There is a strong risk that the central government will become arbitrary. Unlike the federal government, there is no division of powers between the central and organ governments. This government is only suitable for a state of emergency declared by a central government to violate the individual freedoms of the people. Therefore, a central government is not truly called the government of a democratic country. 


Editing By:- Lipi Medhi