Chapter 1.3
2. Homophones/ Homographs
(A) Make sentences to bring out the difference between –
(1) (a) wear
Answer : We wear cotton clothes in summer.
(b) ware
Answer : He sells his wares at the weekly market.
(2) (a) here
Answer : She waited here for a very long time.
(b) hear
Answer : Speak softly or they will hear our conversation.
(3) (a) there
Answer : Sheena was spotted there yesterday.
(b) their
Answer : Their farm house is located near a river.
(4) (a) cell
Answer : The consumer cell is solving the matter.
(b) sell
Answer : They sell cookies in the shop.
(B) Write what the underlined Homographs in the following sentences mean.
(1) (a) A bear is an omnivorous animal.
Answer : Name of an animal
(b) She could not bear the injustice.
Answer : Tolerat
(2) (a) A bat is the only bird which is a mammal.
Answer : Name of an animal.
(b) His bat broke as it struck the ball.
Answer : A wooden shaped gadget used to hit the ball in various games.
(3) (a) He had to pay a fine for breaking the traffic signal.
Answer : A fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.
(b) Use a fine cloth for the baby’s clothes.
Answer : good quality and delicate/soft.
(4) (a) We enjoyed a lot at the temple fair.
Answer : A kind of public gathering usually during festivals.
(b) She has a fair complexion.
Answer : A light- coloured complexion.
Q1. Why is Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh considered an outstanding military personality?
Answer : Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh is considered an outstanding military personality because he successfully led a young Indian Air Force during the 1965 Indo-Pak war. He also had the rare distinction of flying over 60 different types of aircraft. His remarkable contribution to the IAF has made him a source of inspiration to all Armed Forces personnel over the years.
Q2. What personality traits of Arjan Singh are mentioned here?
Answer : The personality traits of Arjan Singh mentioned here include foresight, leadership skills, a never-say-die attitude, fearlessness, and a strong sense of patriotism — always putting the country before self.
Q3. What enabled Arjan Singh to win the DFC award?
Answer : Arjan Singh was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) for leading a squadron against the Japanese during the Arakan campaign in 1944 and for assisting the Allied Forces in advancing to Yangoon.
Q4. At what age did Arjan Singh become a Squadron Leader?
Answer : Arjan Singh became a Squadron Leader at the young age of 25.
Q5. For how long did Arjan Singh hold the post of AOC?
Answer : Arjan Singh held the post of Air Officer Commanding (AOC) for a total of seven years — from 1949 to 1952 and again from 1957 to 1961.
Q6. What uphill task did Singh face when he took over as Air Marshal?
Answer : When Arjan Singh became Air Marshal, he faced the uphill task of rebuilding the Indian Air Force and preparing it to meet new and emerging challenges.
Q7. What other important positions did Arjan Singh hold after his retirement?
Answer : After retiring in 1969, Arjan Singh served as the Ambassador to Switzerland. He also held the position of Lieutenant Governor of Delhi from December 1989 to December 1990.
2. With the help of facts given in the text prepare a Fact file of Air Marshal Arjan
Singh.
(a) Date of Birth
Answer : April 15,1919
(b) Place of Birth
Answer : Lyalpur (now Faislabad in Pakistan)
(c) Education
Answer : Montgomery (now Sahiwal, Pakistan)
(d) First Assignments
Answer : To fly westland Wapiti biplanes in the North Western Frontier Province as a member of the No. 1 RIAF Squadron.
(e) Important posts held
(a) In Air Force
Answer : Squadron Leader Air Chief Marshal, Wing Commander, Group Captain, Air Commodore, Air Vice Marshal, Marshal of the Air Force
(b) After retirement
Answer : Ambassador Switzerland, Lieutenant Governor of Delhi
(f) Awards
Answer : (i) Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in 1944
(ii) Padma Vibhushan
(g) Most outstanding contribution in IAF
Answer : Transformed the IAF into one of the most potent air forces globally and the fourth biggest in the world. Contextually led the IAF to victory in the 1965 war.
(h) Retirement
Answer : August, 1969
4. Say what actions preceded the following promotions of Arjan Singh in his career in the IAF.
(a) Selected for Empire Pilot training course at RAF
Answer : Arjan completed his education at Montgomery.
(b) Promoted to Squadron Leader
Answer : Arjan Singh flew against the tribal forces.
(c) Leader of a flypast of over 100 aircrafts at Red Fort, Delhi
Answer : Arjan Singh successfully led the squadron in combat
(d) Awarded Padma Vibhushan
Answer : Arjan Singh displayed his astute leadership during the 1965 war and inspired IAF to victory.
(e) First Air Chief Marshal of Indian Air Force
Answer : Air Force contributed greatly during the 1965 war and the rank of the CAS was upgraded.
5. Replace the underlined words/phrases with the appropriate ones, to retain the proper meaning.
(be the epitome of, gear up, a brief stint, play a major role, in recognition of, take over reins)
(a) He contributed notably in bringing up the school.
Answer : He played a major role in bringing up the school.
(b) Our school cricket team got ready for the final match against P. Q. R. High School.
Answer : Our school cricket team geared up for the final match against P.Q.R High School.
(c) After a short period of working as a lecturer, Ravi took up an important post in a multi-national company.
Answer : After a brief stint as a lecturer, Ravi took up an important post in a multi-national company.
(d) Our class monitor is a perfect symbol of duty and discipline.
Answer : Our class monitor is the epitome of duty and discipline.
(e) Accepting the great value of his research; they awarded him with a Ph.D. (degree).
Answer : In recognition of his research, they awarded him with a Ph.D. (degree).
(f) After the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth took over the control of Scotland.
Answer : After the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth took over reins of Scotland.
(B) The following Homographs have the same spelling and pronunciation; but can have different meanings. Make sentences of your own to show the difference.
(a) firm
Answer : (i) He started his own firm at the age of 25.
(ii) The teacher decided to be firm with the naughty kids.
(b) train
Answer : (i) The new train starts from Kolhapur.
(ii) I train students to communicate with confidence.
(c) type
Answer: (i) Type the letter and post it today.
(ii) Ragging is a type of harassment.
(d) post
Answer : (i) She held the post of the Principal for 20 years.
(ii) Anil will post the message on the group chat.
(e) current
Answer: (i) The water currents were too strong for his small boat.
(ii) You should be well aware about current affairs.
