AHSEC Class 11 Agriculture Chapter 3 Question Answer 2025 (Assam Board)AHSEC Class 11 Agriculture Question Answer ||English Medium||

 Chapter 3

Important breeds of cattle

Additional questions and answers

Question 1: What is the definition of agricultural science?

Answer:
Agricultural science is the applicable science of crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry produced on the soil of the world. Its purpose is to improve farming and agricultural production. Under Agricultural Sciences, details related to soil quality, climate, crop growth and careful care and animal husbandry are discussed.

Question 2: What are the branches of agricultural science divided into?

Answer: The branches of agricultural science are divided into several main branches:

1. Agronomy: The science of crop production and care.
2. Microbiology: Soil microorganisms and their role.
3. Forestry: Care and conservation of forest resources.
4. Animal Husbandry: Animal Husbandry and Nutrition.
5. Fisheries: Cultivation and management of fisheries resources.
6. Horticulture: Production and care of fruits, gardens and flowers.

Q3: How does the importance of agricultural science increase?

Answer: The importance of agricultural science has increased in the present world. It is critical to find ways to increase crop yields to meet the food demands of an increasing population. With the help of agricultural science, agriculture can be managed properly and profitably by improving soil quality, proper irrigation, control of crop diseases and pests, and developing agricultural technology according to weather and climate change.

Q4: What are the selection effects on agricultural science?

Answer: There are several selection factors that influence agricultural science. They change agricultural production and production methods in various ways. Some major selection effects:

1. Soil: Soil quality and fertility affect crop growth and yield.
2. Climate: Scope affects weather changes and seasonal changes.
3. Animal Husbandry and Fisheries: Usefulness of Animal and Fish Care and Selection Categories.
4. Technology and new methods: New technologies and commercial methods in agriculture increase production.
5. Human Resources and Training: Production increases from farmers acquiring modern methods and knowledge.

Q5: How did the history of agricultural science begin?

Answer:
The history of agricultural science dates back to ancient times. In the early stages of agriculture, people started producing food by planting various seeds in the soil. Modern methods of agriculture and scientific studies began in India, Egypt and Mesopotamia. The scientific study of soils and crops dates back to Greek and Roman times. From the 18th century onwards, agricultural scientists began extensive studies of soil quality, crop growth and natural resource management.

Question 6: What is the universal purpose of agricultural science?

Answer: The universal objective of agricultural science is to increase food production and improve the quality of life of farmers. It introduces sound agricultural systems with the help of new technologies, methods and scientific studies useful in agriculture. It aims at increasing crop yields, greater soil utility, and proper use of natural resources.

Dairy farming in India

1. What is the name of the revolutionary plan to increase milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer: Operation Flood

2. What is the top dairy producing state in India?
   ✦ Answer: Uttar Pradesh

3. What is the name of the research institute that tests milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer: National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal

4. What is the full form of NDDB?
   ✦ Answer: National Dairy Development Board

5. What is the average daily output of milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer: About 221 million tonnes (as on 2021-22)

Short Answer Type Questions:

6. What is Operation Flood?
   ✦ Answer: Operation Flood is a national plan launched in 1970 to increase milk production in India, known as the "Milk Revolution" Its main objective was to make the country self-sufficient and increase milk production.

7. What are the two important aspects of milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer:

   • India is the largest dairy producer in the world.
   • The dairy cooperative system "Amul" (AMUL) has played an important role in the dairy revolution.

8. Which type of cow breeds are dominant for milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer:

   • Indigenous breeds : Gir, Shahiwal, Rathi, Red Sindhi
   • Hybrids : Jersey-native hybrids, HF-native hybrids

Long Answer Type Questions:

9. Explain the importance of dairying in India.
   ✦ Answer:
   Dairy farming is an important means for farmers in India. Some of the important aspects are:

   • Economic Benefits : Dairy production increases the income of farmers.
   • Nutritional Supply : Dairy is a major food source, especially for protein and calcium.
   • Job Creation : Many people in Dehat area are involved in dairy farming and cooperatives.
   • Nature Compatibility : Dairy farming supports the food cycle in conjunction with agriculture.

10. Write down the reasons for the increase in milk production in India.
    ✦ Answer:

• Use of hybrid cattle
• Improvements in poultry and treatment
• Operation Flood and Cooperative Systems
• Use of modern dairy technology
• An increase in demand results in an increase in production

Important breeds of cattle

AHSEC Class 11 Agriculture
Chapter 2: Important Breeds of Cattle

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

1. What are the major indigenous breeds of cows for milk production in India?
   ✦ Answer: There are basically 3 types—

   • Dairy breed (Milk breed)
   • Worker breed (Draft breed)
   • Dual-purpose breed

2. Name a popular dairy breed of cow in India.
   ✦ Answer: Gir

3. Write an example of a working breed of cow.
   ✦ Answer: Yes horn (Hallikar)

4. Name the exotic dairy breeds.
   ✦ Answer: Jersey and Holstein Friesian

5. Geer breed of cows are mainly found in which region?
   ✦ Answer: Gujarat

Short Answer Type Questions:

6. Name the best indigenous breeds of cows for milk production.
   ✦ Answer:

   • Gir (Gir)
   • Shahiwal (Sahiwal)
   • Rathi (Rathi)
   • Red Sindhi (Red Sindhi)

7. Write down the characteristics of working breed cows.
   ✦ Answer:

   • These are mainly used for work (such as ploughing).
   • The body becomes stronger and stronger.
   • Helps in rice cultivation and other farm work.
   • Examples: are Shing, Khillari, Ongole.

8. What does it mean to be a bidirectional breed of cow?
   ✦ Answer: Cows that are suitable for both milk production and work are called bidirectional breeds. Examples: Ongole, Tharparkar.

9. What are the characteristics of Jersey cows?
   ✦ Answer:

   • These are foreign breeds of cows.
   • Small structural and high milk production.
   • Milk contains more butter.
   • Used as a hybrid in India.

Long Answer Type Questions:

10. Give a comparative description of Gir and Shahiwal breeds of cattle.
    ✦ Answer:

feature	Gir (Gir)	Shahiwal (Sahiwal)
Place of origin	Gujarat	Punjab and Pakistan
Body shape	large and sturdy	Moderately large
Milk production	12-15 liters per day	10-12 liters per day
Color	pink or beautiful	It's pink
Special features	Lasts in hot climates	Less care also gives more milk

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11. Explain the role of crossbreed cows for increasing milk production in India.
    ✦ Answer:

• Hybrid breeds of cattle are produced in combination of indigenous and foreign breeds.
• Examples: Jersey-country crosses, Holstein-Friesian crosses.
• These cows give more milk than the native cows.
• Low cost and high immunity.
• The use of hybrids increased during Operation Flood.