Chapter 14 

                                                       ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ


1.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: 15ā¨ĩੀਂ ā¨¸ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਿā¨¤ੀ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨¸ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਿā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨Žā¨˛ੇ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Žੌā¨•ਾ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 15ā¨ĩੀਂ ā¨¸ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨›ੋā¨Ÿੇ-ā¨›ੋā¨Ÿੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąਿā¨† ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨¸ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˛āŠœā¨Ļੇ-ā¨ā¨—āŠœā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‡ā¨• ā¨Ļੂā¨œੇ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੁੱā¨§ ā¨•ā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨šā¨Žā¨˛ੇ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੇ। ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨¸ā¨˛ā¨¤ā¨¨ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨†ā¨–ā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ੁā¨˛ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ ā¨‡ā¨Ŧā¨°ਾā¨šੀā¨Ž ā¨˛ੋā¨§ੀ ā¨Ļੌā¨˛ā¨¤ ā¨–ਾਂ ā¨˛ੋā¨§ੀ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ēੁੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ŧੁā¨°ਾ ā¨¸ā¨˛ੂā¨• ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨, ā¨Ļੌā¨˛ā¨¤ ā¨–ਾਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਾਂā¨—ਾ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨šā¨Žā¨˛ੇ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨¸ੱā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ। ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨…ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਿā¨°ā¨¤ਾ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨†ā¨¸ਾā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨œ਼ਾ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੌā¨•ਾ ā¨Ēੈā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

2.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨† ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨†ā¨‡ā¨† ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨°, ā¨œੋ ā¨•ਿ ā¨šੰā¨—ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨–ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ā¨¨, ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨§ā¨¨-ā¨Ļੌā¨˛ā¨¤ ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ੇ ā¨¸ੁā¨Ŗਿā¨† ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨¸ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨†ā¨°ā¨Ĩਿā¨• ā¨¤ਾā¨•ā¨¤ ā¨ĩā¨§ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šā¨Žā¨˛ਾ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ģੈā¨¸ā¨˛ਾ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

3.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ 1526 ā¨¤ੋਂ 1530 ā¨¤ੱā¨• ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1526 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēਾā¨Ŗੀā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੀ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‡ā¨Ŧā¨°ਾā¨šੀā¨Ž ā¨˛ੋā¨§ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨†, 1527 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਾā¨¨ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਾਂā¨—ਾ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šā¨°ਾ ā¨•ੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, 1528 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੰā¨Ļੇā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨† ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ 1529 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˜ਾā¨˜ā¨°ਾ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨Ģ਼ā¨—ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šā¨°ਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ।

4.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੌā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ā¨Žਾਂā¨Ą ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ ā¨¸ੰā¨­ਾā¨˛ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1530 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੌā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ēੁੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਿā¨†।

5.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨Žੁā¨¸ā¨˛ਿā¨Ž ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੂ ā¨°ਾā¨œਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ੰā¨˜ā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨†?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨¨ੇ 1540 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ੇā¨° ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੁā¨†ā¨°ਾ ā¨šā¨°ਾ ā¨•ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨šā¨° ā¨œਾā¨Ŗਾ ā¨Ēਿā¨†। 1555 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¸ਿā¨•ੰā¨Ļā¨° ā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šā¨°ਾ ā¨•ੇ ā¨Ļੁā¨Ŧਾā¨°ਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ। 1556 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੌā¨¤ ā¨šੋ ā¨—ā¨ˆ।

6.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ā¨˛ਾā¨¨ੌā¨° (ā¨—ੁā¨°ā¨Ļਾā¨¸ā¨Ēੁā¨°) ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨—ੱā¨Ļੀ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧੈā¨ ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੌā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨Ŧੈā¨°ā¨Ž ā¨–ਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨ˆ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨—ੱā¨Ļੀ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧੈā¨ ਾ ā¨•ੇ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ā¨Žਾਂā¨Ą ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨Ēਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ।

7.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨•ੁā¨Žਾā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿā¨†ā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿā¨†ā¨š ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨¸ਿā¨†ā¨¸ੀ ā¨¸ੰā¨§ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਿā¨¤ੀ ā¨Žā¨œ਼ā¨Ŧੂā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ। ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¸ਾਂā¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ā¨ĩਾā¨¸ ā¨•ਾā¨‡ā¨Ž ā¨•ā¨° ā¨¸ā¨•ਿā¨†।

8.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨—ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੀā¨…ā¨°, ā¨œੋā¨¨ā¨Ēੁā¨°, ā¨…ā¨œ਼ā¨Žੇā¨°, ā¨Žਾā¨˛ā¨ĩਾ, ā¨—ੁā¨œā¨°ਾā¨¤, ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛, ā¨•ā¨¸਼ā¨Žੀā¨°, ā¨¸ਿੰā¨§, ā¨‰āŠœੀā¨¸ਾ, ā¨•ੰā¨§ਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩੱā¨Ąੇ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਿā¨†ਂ 'ā¨¤ੇ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ।

9.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ੇਂā¨Ļā¨°ੀ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨¸ā¨¨ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŧੰā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ੇਂā¨Ļā¨°ੀ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨¸ā¨¨ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŧੰā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œਾ, ā¨ĩā¨•ੀā¨˛, ā¨Ļੀā¨ĩਾā¨¨-ā¨-ā¨†ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨Žੀā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨–਼ā¨¸਼ੀ, ā¨¸ā¨Ļā¨°-ā¨-ā¨¸ā¨Ļੂā¨°, ā¨Ģੌā¨œ਼ā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੋā¨¤ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨—ੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ।

10.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾਂā¨¤ਿā¨• ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŧੰā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੂā¨Ŧੇā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ੂā¨Ŧੇā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾਂā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨–ੀ ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾਂā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਾਂā¨¤ੀ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ਾā¨¨ੂੰā¨¨ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨ĩā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾ ā¨˛ਾā¨—ੂ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ੀ ā¨¸ੀ।

11.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŗਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨¸ੁā¨§ਾā¨° ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žਿā¨Ŗā¨¤ੀ, ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨œਾā¨Ŧੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļā¨° ā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ। ā¨‰ੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œਾā¨Š ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ 1/3 ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œਾā¨Š ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩā¨œੋਂ ā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨—ਿā¨†।

12.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŗਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŗਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨¸ਾā¨° ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ, ā¨†ā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨Ŧਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ĩਾਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‡ā¨¸ā¨Ļਾ ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਾā¨¸ā¨¨ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŧੰā¨§ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ੁā¨šਾā¨°ੂ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ੈā¨¨ਿā¨•/ā¨¸ਿā¨ĩā¨˛ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੁā¨šਾā¨°ੂ ā¨ĩਿā¨¤ā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ਾ ā¨¸ੀ।

13.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ā¨Žā¨œ਼ੋā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ੰā¨˜ā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨–ੁā¨¸ā¨°ੋ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļā¨°ੋā¨š ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨ĩā¨§ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਿā¨†, ā¨Ēā¨° ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ā¨—ā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੰā¨§ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨ĩā¨§ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗੀ ā¨Ēā¨ˆ।

14.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨Ŧਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¨ੂā¨°ā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨­ਾā¨ĩ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¨ੂā¨°ā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨…ā¨­ਿā¨˛ਾā¨¸਼ੀ ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨Ŧਿā¨Žਾā¨° ā¨šੋā¨Ŗ 'ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨šā¨˛ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‡ā¨œਾā¨œ਼ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਿੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¨ਾਂ 'ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ģā¨°ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨œਾā¨°ੀ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨•ੇ ā¨Ŧੈā¨ ਾā¨ ā¨—ā¨।

15.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨¸਼ਾā¨šā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧੁੰā¨Ļੇā¨˛ā¨–ੰā¨Ą ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨Ēਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸਼ਾā¨šā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ 1628 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨—ੱā¨Ļੀ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧੈā¨ ā¨Ŗ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨Ŧੁੰā¨Ļੇā¨˛ā¨–ੰā¨Ą ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļā¨°ੋā¨š ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ। 1633 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ā¨—ā¨°, ā¨Ŧੀā¨œ਼ਾā¨Ēੁā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ੋā¨˛ā¨•ੁੰā¨Ąਾ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

16.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨•ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļā¨°ੋā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¸ā¨¤ā¨¨ਾā¨Žੀā¨†ਂ, ā¨Ŧੁā¨Ļੇā¨˛, ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤, ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ। ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨Žੁā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨ĩā¨œੂā¨Ļ, ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧੇ ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨¤ੱā¨• ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੇ ā¨‡ā¨˛ਾā¨•ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨…ā¨§ੀā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

17.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੰā¨˜ā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨†?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸਼ਿā¨ĩਾā¨œੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ੁā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨‡ā¨†। ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧੀā¨œਾā¨Ēੁā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ੋā¨˛ā¨•ੁੰā¨Ąਾ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨šਾā¨¸ਿā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¸਼ੰā¨­ਾā¨œੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੱā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੁੱā¨§ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨œਾā¨°ੀ ā¨°ੱā¨–ੀ।

18.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨—ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨¤ੇā¨— ā¨Ŧā¨šਾā¨Ļā¨° ā¨œੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨§ā¨°ā¨Ž ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ। ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ 1675 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨—ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨œੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ā¨šੀā¨Ļ ā¨•ā¨° ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨—ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨—ੋā¨Ŧਿੰā¨Ļ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨–਼ਾā¨˛ā¨¸ਾ ā¨Ēੰā¨Ĩ ā¨¸ਾā¨œ਼ਿā¨†।

19.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¯ੋā¨—ā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ੀਂā¨š ā¨°ੱā¨–ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗਾ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨Ēਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

20.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¸ā¨Žੂā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ੰā¨˜ā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šੁā¨Žਾā¨¯ੂੰ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¸਼ੇā¨° ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ਿā¨•ੰā¨Ļā¨° ā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ੰā¨˜ā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

21.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੂā¨Žਿā¨•ਾ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¤ਿā¨¸਼ā¨ ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ, ā¨•ੁā¨ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨¸ੈā¨¨ਾ ā¨…ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨, ā¨Ēā¨° ā¨œੋ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨Ēੂā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ੀ ā¨¸ā¨¨, ā¨‰ā¨šā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨œੰā¨— ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ।

22.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨¨ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨Ēੱā¨– ā¨•ੀ ā¨¸ā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žਿā¨Ŗā¨¤ੀ, ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨—ੀā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļā¨° ā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ। ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œਾā¨Š ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ 1/3, ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œਾā¨Š ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨˛ਿā¨†। ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨œ਼ੇ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œ ā¨šੋā¨Ŗ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨¨ ā¨Žਾā¨Ģ਼ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

23.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ŗਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ਿā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ਿā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š, ā¨Žੀā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨–਼ā¨¸਼ੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ਿā¨Ģਾā¨°ā¨¸਼ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¯ੋā¨—ā¨¤ਾ ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨¸ਾā¨° ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ੀ। ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨šੇā¨ ā¨˛ੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨¤ੱā¨• ā¨¤ā¨°ੱā¨•ੀ ā¨•ā¨° ā¨¸ā¨•ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨।

24.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸਼੍ā¨°ੇā¨Ŗੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œਾā¨¤ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਾā¨° ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੇ, ā¨Ļੂā¨œੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¤ੀā¨¸ā¨°ੇ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨œੇ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąਿā¨† ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ੀ।

25.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨ĩā¨§ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨¸ੈā¨¨ਿā¨• ā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨‡ā¨¨੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨‡ā¨˛ਾā¨•ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

26.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¨ੂā¨°ā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨•ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ਿੱā¨•ੇ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¸ਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨ ā¨•ਿ ā¨¨ੂā¨°ā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨­ਾā¨ĩ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨šੈ। ā¨œā¨šਾਂā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨˛ਾā¨šā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Žਾā¨¨ā¨¤ਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੀ।

27.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨¸਼ਾā¨šā¨œā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ 1628-1657 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨° ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧੁੰā¨Ļੇā¨˛ā¨–ੰā¨Ą, ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ā¨—ā¨°, ā¨Ŧੀā¨œ਼ਾā¨Ēੁā¨°, ā¨—ੋā¨˛ā¨•ੁੰā¨Ąਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੇ ā¨‡ā¨˛ਾā¨•ਿā¨†ਂ 'ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ā¨Ŧā¨œ਼ਾ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩā¨§ਾā¨‡ā¨†।

28.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨†?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨¸ੁā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨°ā¨¤ਾ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨˛āŠœੇ। ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧੀā¨œਾā¨Ēੁā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ੋā¨˛ā¨•ੁੰā¨Ąਾ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¸਼ੰā¨­ਾā¨œੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੱā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žੁā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੁੱā¨§ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨œਾā¨°ੀ ā¨°ੱā¨–ੀ।

29.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨”ā¨°ੰā¨—ā¨œ਼ੇā¨Ŧ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨•ā¨Ļā¨Ž ā¨šੁੱā¨•ਿā¨†?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨—ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨¤ੇā¨— ā¨Ŧā¨šਾā¨Ļā¨° ā¨œੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨§ā¨°ā¨Ž ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿā¨°ੋā¨§ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¸਼ā¨šੀā¨Ļ ā¨šੋā¨। ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨¸੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨—ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨—ੋā¨Ŧਿੰā¨Ļ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨œੀ ā¨¨ੇ 1699 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨–਼ਾā¨˛ā¨¸ਾ ā¨Ēੰā¨Ĩ ā¨¸ਾā¨œ਼ਿā¨†।

30.ā¨¸ā¨ĩਾā¨˛: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਾā¨¨ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœਾ ā¨¨ā¨¤ੀā¨œਾ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਾਂā¨—ਾ ā¨¨ੂੰ 1527 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨† ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ 'ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨Ēਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ।

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