Chapter 10

                                                   ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨†


1. ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļਾ ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨šੈ ā¨•ਿ ā¨šā¨° ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨šā¨° ā¨ĩਿā¨…ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨˛ā¨Ŧā¨§ ā¨šੋā¨ĩੇ, ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨‡ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨¸ā¨•ੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‡ā¨¸ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ēā¨šੁੰā¨š ā¨¸ੌā¨–ੀ ā¨šੋā¨ĩੇ।

2. ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛ੋāŠœ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨Ēੈਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛ੋāŠœ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ, ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩੱā¨§ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ਾਂ, ā¨•ੁā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨†ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žਾā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨¤ā¨Žਿā¨• ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ੁā¨Ŗਾā¨¤ā¨Žਿā¨• ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

3. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨— ā¨•ਿā¨¸ੇ ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨…ā¨¤ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨°ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨— ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨†ā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļā¨Ŗ ā¨¯ੋā¨— ā¨¨ā¨šੀਂ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ, ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨†ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸਼ਿā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

4. ā¨Žਿā¨†ā¨Ļੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨Ģā¨°ā¨• ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨†ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨šੈ ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩਿā¨…ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˛ੋāŠœੀਂā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨¤ā¨°ਾ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨–਼ā¨°ਾā¨• ā¨¸ਾā¨˛ ā¨­ā¨° ā¨¨ā¨šੀਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ। ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ā¨˛ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧੀā¨œā¨Ŗ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੱā¨Ÿਾā¨ˆ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨œੁāŠœੀ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

5. ā¨•ੁā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨†ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨Ļੌā¨°ਾā¨¨ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨­ਾā¨ĩਿā¨¤ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ੁā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨†ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨œਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨•ਿ ā¨­ੂā¨šਾā¨˛, ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ਿā¨¸਼ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ੁੱā¨•ਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨…ā¨•ā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ģā¨¸ā¨˛ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¨ੁā¨•ā¨¸ਾā¨¨ ā¨Ēā¨šੁੰā¨šਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ā¨Žੀ ā¨šੋ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˛ੋā¨• ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨…ā¨¤ ā¨šੋ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

6. ā¨Ąਾ. ā¨…ā¨Žā¨°ā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨¸ੇā¨¨ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ੰā¨Ŧੰā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀ ā¨§ਾā¨°ā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ąਾ. ā¨…ā¨Žā¨°ā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨¸ੇā¨¨ ā¨¨ੇ ‘ā¨Ēā¨šੁੰā¨š’ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ĩਾਂ ‘ā¨…ā¨§ਿā¨•ਾā¨°’ ā¨œਾਂ ‘ā¨šੱā¨•’ ā¨§ਾā¨°ā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩā¨•ਾā¨˛ā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ।

7. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨…ā¨¤ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨— ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ੂā¨Žੀā¨šੀā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਿā¨…ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ, ā¨Ēੁā¨°ਾā¨Ŗੇ ā¨•ਾā¨°ੀā¨—ā¨°, ā¨Ēā¨°ੰā¨Ēā¨°ਾā¨ĩਾā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ੇā¨ĩਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨Ļੇā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ, ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ā¨ĩੈ ā¨°ੁā¨œ਼ā¨—ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˛ੱā¨—ੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨…ā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨…ā¨¤ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨— ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨šā¨¨।

8. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ-ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ ā¨¸ੂā¨Ŧਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨œ਼ਿā¨†ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼, ā¨“ā¨Ąੀā¨¸਼ਾ, ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛, ā¨›ā¨¤ੀā¨¸ā¨—āŠœ੍ā¨š, ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ੁā¨ ā¨­ਾā¨—ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨œ਼ਿā¨†ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

9. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨Ēੇਂā¨Ąੂ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ā¨˛ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨•ਿā¨°ਿā¨†ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨œਾਂ ā¨¸਼ā¨šਿā¨°ੀ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ļਿā¨šਾāŠœੀā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨Ļੇ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨Ŗ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

10. ā¨šā¨°ੀ ā¨•੍ā¨°ਾਂā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨˛ਾā¨­ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šā¨°ੀ ā¨•੍ā¨°ਾਂā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šਾā¨ĩā¨˛ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ā¨Ŗā¨• ā¨Ļੀ ā¨œ਼ā¨°ੂā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨†ā¨¤ā¨Žā¨¨ਿā¨°ā¨­ā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨­ੁੱā¨– ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਾā¨Ŧੂ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ā¨—ਿā¨†।

11. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ŧā¨Ģā¨° ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨–ਾā¨§ ā¨¨ਿā¨—ā¨Ž ā¨°ਾā¨šੀਂ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨šਾā¨ĩā¨˛ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ā¨Ŗā¨• ā¨Ļੇ ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨° ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ŧā¨Ģā¨° ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨° ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ, ā¨œੋ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨°ਾਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨˛ੋā¨•ਾਂ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨˛ā¨Ŧā¨§ ā¨•ā¨°ਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

12. ā¨¨ਿā¨Šā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨Ž ā¨¸ā¨Žā¨°ā¨Ĩā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ (MSP) ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: MSP ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ģā¨¸ā¨˛ ā¨Ŧੀā¨œā¨Ŗ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨œਾā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨ĩੱā¨§ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ੇā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

13. ā¨Ēā¨Ŧā¨˛ਿā¨• ā¨Ąਿā¨¸ā¨Ÿ੍ā¨°ਿā¨Ŧਿā¨Šā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨¸ਿā¨¸ā¨Ÿā¨Ž (PDS) ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: PDS ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨Ąਿā¨Ēੂā¨†ਂ ā¨°ਾā¨šੀਂ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ā¨Ŗā¨•, ā¨šਾā¨ĩā¨˛, ā¨–ੰā¨Ą ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šੋā¨° ā¨œ਼ā¨°ੂā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

14. ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨Žਾਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą ā¨¤ਿੰā¨¨ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨Žਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨: ā¨…ੰā¨¤ੋā¨Ļਿā¨† ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą (ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ), ā¨Ŧੀ.ā¨Ēੀ.ā¨ā¨˛. ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą (ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ ā¨°ੇā¨–ਾ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨šੇā¨ ਾਂ), ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨.ā¨Ēੀ.ā¨ā¨˛. ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą (ā¨Ŧਾā¨•ੀ ā¨˛ੋā¨•ਾਂ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ)।

15. ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨•ਾā¨˛ (1943) ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ੋā¨—ā¨°ਾā¨Ž ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1970 ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨• ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ੀ (PDS), ā¨ā¨•ੀā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¤ ā¨¸਼ਿā¨¸਼ੂ ā¨ĩਿā¨•ਾā¨¸ ā¨¸ੇā¨ĩਾ (ICDS), ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ģੁā¨Ą ā¨Ģਾā¨° ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨• (FFW) ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ।

16. TPDS (Targeted PDS) ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: TPDS ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨˛ā¨Ŧā¨§ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ ā¨°ੇā¨–ਾ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨šੇā¨ ਾਂ ā¨°ā¨šਿā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨।

17. ā¨…ੰā¨¤ੋā¨Ļਿā¨† ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¯ੋā¨œā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ੰā¨¤ੋā¨Ļਿā¨† ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¯ੋā¨œā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ ā¨°ੇā¨–ਾ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨šੇā¨ ਾਂ ā¨°ā¨šਿā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Žੁā¨šੱā¨ˆā¨† ā¨•ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨šੈ।

18. ā¨…ੰā¨¨ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ਾ ā¨¯ੋā¨œā¨¨ਾ (APS) ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: APS ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧā¨œ਼ੁā¨°ā¨— ā¨¨ਾā¨—ā¨°ਿā¨•ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Žੁā¨Ģ਼ā¨¤ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

19. ā¨Ģ਼ā¨°ā¨Žਾ/ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨¸ਿā¨Ąੀ (Subsidy) ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨Žā¨¤ā¨˛ā¨Ŧ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ā¨Ŧā¨¸ਿā¨Ąੀ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨ĩੱā¨˛ੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļā¨• ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੀ ā¨œਾā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨†ā¨°ā¨Ĩਿā¨• ā¨¸ā¨šਾā¨‡ā¨¤ਾ ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩā¨¸ā¨¤ੂā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨°ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˜ā¨°ੇā¨˛ੂ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļā¨•ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨†ā¨Žā¨Ļā¨¨ ā¨ĩā¨§ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

20. ā¨¸ā¨šਿā¨•ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ੰā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੂā¨Žਿā¨•ਾ ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ā¨šਿā¨•ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¸ੰā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨Žੈਂā¨Ŧā¨°ਾਂ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļā¨¨, ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੰā¨Ąੀā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨˛ੋā¨•ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĩā¨¸ā¨¤ੂā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨˛ā¨Ŧā¨§ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।

21. ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨•ā¨Ŗā¨•, ā¨ੋā¨¨ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šੋā¨° ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ, ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žੰā¨Ąੀā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žā¨Ļā¨Ļ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨…ā¨¤ ā¨°ੱā¨–ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

22. ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˜ੀ, ā¨°ਿā¨Ģਾā¨‡ੰā¨Ą ā¨¤ੇā¨˛, ā¨Ąੱā¨Ŧਾ ā¨Ŧੰā¨Ļ ā¨­ੋā¨œā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šਾā¨ĩā¨˛ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨।

23. ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨Ļੇ ā¨…ੰā¨¤ā¨°ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨Ÿā¨°ੀ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨œ ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ-ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਾā¨°ā¨•ā¨Ģੈੱā¨Ą ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨•ੇ ā¨‰ā¨šā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨­ੁā¨—ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨Ēਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¯ੂ.ā¨•ੇ, ā¨¯ੂ.ā¨ੱā¨¸.ā¨, ā¨•ੈā¨¨ੇā¨Ąਾ, ā¨†ā¨¸ā¨Ÿā¨°ੇā¨˛ੀā¨† ā¨†ā¨Ļਿ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੇā¨šā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

24. ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧ ā¨¸ā¨Ÿੇā¨Ÿ ā¨¸ਿā¨ĩā¨˛ ā¨¸ā¨Ēā¨˛ਾā¨ˆ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ēੋā¨°ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¨ (PUNSUP) ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: PUNSUP ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨•ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨Ąਿā¨Ēੂā¨†ਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧā¨œ਼ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨•ੀā¨Žā¨¤ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ MSP ā¨…ā¨§ੀā¨¨ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

25. PUNSUP ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: PUNSUP ā¨•ਿā¨¸ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨•ੋā¨˛ੋਂ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨–ā¨°ੀā¨Ļ ā¨•ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨¸ā¨Ÿੋā¨°ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ੱā¨–ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨Ąਿā¨Ēੂā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ 14000 ā¨Ļੁā¨•ਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨°ਾā¨šੀਂ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

26. ā¨Žੱā¨§-ā¨Ąੇ-ā¨Žੀā¨˛ ā¨¸ā¨•ੀā¨Ž ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š PUNSUP ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ੂā¨Žਿā¨•ਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: PUNSUP ā¨Žੱā¨§-ā¨Ąੇ-ā¨Žੀā¨˛ ā¨¸ā¨•ੀā¨Ž ā¨…ā¨§ੀā¨¨ 693 ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨šā¨œ਼ਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨¸ā¨•ੂā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

27. ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੈā¨˛ੰā¨œ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੈā¨˛ੰā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¸āŠœā¨Ŗਾ, ā¨šੂā¨šਿā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੁā¨†ā¨°ਾ ā¨¨ੁā¨•ā¨¸ਾā¨¨, ā¨ĩਿā¨¤ā¨°ā¨•ਾਂ ā¨ĩੱā¨˛ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨œ਼ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੱā¨§ ā¨Žੁā¨¨ਾā¨Ģ਼ੇ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩੇā¨šā¨Ŗਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨—ੁā¨Ŗā¨ĩੱā¨¤ਾ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ਾ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨œ ā¨ĩੇā¨šā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨šੈ।

28. ā¨œā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨• ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¸ā¨Žੱā¨¸ਿā¨†ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨œā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨• ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¸ā¨Žੱā¨¸ਿā¨†ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨–ā¨Ēā¨¤, ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˜ੱā¨Ÿ ā¨Žਾā¨¤ā¨°ਾ, ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨Ąਿā¨Ēੂā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨—ā¨˛ā¨¤ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨।

29. ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨• ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨šੋā¨ˆ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨¤ā¨• ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨œੂā¨¨ 1997 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨šੋā¨ˆ।

30. ā¨…ੰā¨¤ੋā¨Ļਿā¨† ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¯ੋā¨œā¨¨ਾ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļੌā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿੰā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ੰā¨¤ੋā¨Ļਿā¨† ā¨…ੰā¨¨ ā¨¯ੋā¨œā¨¨ਾ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļੌā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š 1 ā¨•ā¨°ੋāŠœ ā¨Ēā¨°ਿā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žਿā¨˛ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨।

Answer by Mrinmoee