Chapter 2

                                            ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ : ā¨§ā¨°ਾā¨¤ā¨˛/ā¨­ੂ-ā¨†ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ


1. ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¤ਿੰā¨¨ ā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨šā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¤ਿੰā¨¨ ā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨šā¨¨:

  1. ā¨‰ੱā¨šā¨¤ā¨Ž ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† (The Great Himalayas) – ā¨‡ā¨¸ā¨Ļਾ ā¨‰ā¨šਾā¨ˆ 5,100 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨¤ੱā¨• ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਾā¨Šਂā¨Ÿ ā¨ā¨ĩā¨°ੈā¨¸ā¨Ÿ (8,848 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°) ā¨¸ā¨Žੇā¨¤ ā¨•ā¨ˆ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।
  2. ā¨ĩਿੱā¨šā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨˛ਾ ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† (The Inner Himalaya) – ā¨”ā¨¸ā¨¤ ā¨‰ā¨šਾā¨ˆ 5,050 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°, ā¨Ŧā¨°ā¨Ģ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĸā¨•ੀ ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ, ā¨Žā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ, ā¨¸਼ਿā¨Žā¨˛ਾ, ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ŗੀā¨• ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ੰā¨Ēā¨°ā¨•ਿā¨¤।
  3. ā¨¸਼ਿā¨ĩਾā¨˛ਿā¨• ā¨˛āŠœੀ (The Outer Himalaya) – ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ 2,400 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨šੌāŠœਾā¨ˆ 15-50 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨ĩਾਂā¨šā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨°ੁā¨¨ਾā¨šā¨˛, ā¨Ļੁā¨§ā¨ĩਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗੀ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨›ੋā¨Ÿੇ ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœ।

2. ā¨‰ੱā¨šā¨¤ā¨Ž ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਾā¨Šਂā¨Ÿ ā¨ā¨ĩā¨°ੈā¨¸ā¨Ÿ, ā¨•ੰā¨šā¨¨ā¨œੰā¨—ਾ, ā¨˛ੋā¨šā¨¤ā¨¸ੇ, ā¨Žā¨•ਾā¨˛ੂ, ā¨§ੌā¨˛ਾā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ, ā¨Žੰā¨¸ਾā¨˛ੂ, ā¨¨ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ēā¨°ā¨Ŧā¨¤, ā¨…ੰā¨¨ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ੋā¨¸ਾā¨ˆā¨¨ਾā¨Ĩā¨¨ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨।

3. ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨Ļā¨°ੇ (Passes) ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨Žā¨¸਼ā¨šੂā¨° ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨Ļā¨°ੇ ā¨šā¨¨: ā¨Ŧੁā¨°ā¨œ਼ੀā¨˛, ā¨œੋā¨œ਼ੀā¨˛ਾ, ā¨ŦāŠœਾ ā¨˛ਾā¨šਾ ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨¸਼ਿā¨Ēā¨•ੀ ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨Ĩੱā¨— ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨¨ਿā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ēਾā¨¸, ā¨˛ਿā¨Ēੂ ā¨˛ੇā¨–, ā¨œੀā¨˛ā¨Ē ā¨˛ਾ। ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨Ļā¨°ੇ ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ēਾā¨° ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩā¨Ēਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ੈā¨°-ā¨¸ā¨Ēਾā¨Ÿੇ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šā¨¨।

4. ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨˛ੇ ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ŗੀā¨• ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨Ēੀā¨° ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨˛, ā¨§ੌā¨˛ਾā¨§ਾā¨°, ā¨Žā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ, ā¨¨ਾā¨—, ā¨Ÿਿੱā¨Ŧਾ, ā¨Žā¨šਾਂā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨˛ੇā¨–। ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ŗੀā¨• ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¸ਿā¨šā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨§ā¨• ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸਼ਿā¨Žā¨˛ਾ, ā¨Ąā¨˛ā¨šੌā¨œ਼ੀ, ā¨¨ੈā¨¨ੀā¨¤ਾā¨˛, ā¨Žā¨¸ੂā¨°ੀ, ā¨°ਾā¨¨ੀā¨–ੇā¨¤ ā¨†ā¨Ļਿ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨।

5. ā¨¸਼ਿā¨ĩਾā¨˛ਿā¨• ā¨˛āŠœੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ, ā¨šੌāŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨ĩਾਂā¨šā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‡ā¨¸ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ 2,400 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨šੌāŠœਾā¨ˆ 15-50 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ। ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨ĩਾਂā¨šā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨˛āŠœੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ā¨°ੁā¨¨ਾā¨šā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ąā¨Ģ਼ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨…ā¨Ŧੋā¨°, ā¨Žਿā¨¸਼ā¨Žੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨–ੰā¨Ą ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ļੁā¨§ā¨ĩਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¨ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨œਾā¨Ŗਿā¨† ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

6. ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨§ਾā¨¨ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨­ਾā¨ĩ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

  1. ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨†ā¨‰ā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¯ੱā¨–-ā¨ ੰā¨ĸੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨ĩਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧā¨šਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।
  2. ā¨Žੌā¨¨ā¨¸ੂā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨–ਾ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨Žੌā¨•ੇ ā¨Ēੈā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।
  3. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨°ੋā¨¤ ā¨šੈ।
  4. ā¨œੰā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨†ā¨¯ੁā¨°ā¨ĩੈā¨Ļਿā¨• ā¨Ļā¨ĩਾā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨­ੰā¨Ąਾā¨°।
  5. ā¨¸ਿā¨šā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨§ā¨• ā¨¸ੈā¨°-ā¨¸ā¨Ēਾā¨Ÿੇ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨।
  6. ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¤ੀā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ੁā¨°ੱā¨–ਿā¨† ā¨Ļਿੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

7. ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ਾā¨˛ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨­ਿੰā¨¨ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  • ā¨­ਾā¨Ŧā¨°: ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨†ā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ēੱā¨Ĩā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੰā¨•ā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨­ā¨°ੀ ā¨Ēੱā¨Ÿੀ।
  • ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨ˆ: ā¨Ļā¨˛ā¨Ļā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ēੱā¨Ÿੀ, ā¨šਾā¨ˆ ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Ž ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨–ਾ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨œੰā¨—ā¨˛ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨­ā¨°ੀ।
  • ā¨Ŧਾਂā¨—ā¨°: ā¨Ēੁā¨°ਾā¨Ŗੀ ā¨Žਿੱā¨Ÿੀ, ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šāŠœ੍ā¨š ā¨¨ā¨šੀਂ ā¨Ēā¨šੁੰā¨šā¨Ļੇ।
  • ā¨–ਾā¨Ąā¨°: ā¨¨ā¨ĩੀਂ ā¨œā¨˛ੋā¨Ąੀ ā¨Žਿੱā¨Ÿੀ, ā¨šāŠœ੍ā¨š ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨‰ā¨Ēā¨œਾā¨Š।
  • ā¨°ੇā¨š/ā¨•ā¨˛ā¨° ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨: ā¨Ŧੰā¨œā¨°, ā¨–ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Žਿੱā¨Ÿੀ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨।
  • ā¨­ੂā¨°: ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ-ā¨¯ā¨Žੁā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨।

8. ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  • ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧ-ā¨šā¨°ਿā¨†ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ – 5 ā¨Ļੁā¨†ā¨Ŧ (ā¨Ŧਿā¨¸ā¨¤, ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ੀ, ā¨šā¨¨ਾā¨Ŧ, ā¨ā¨œ, ā¨¸ਿੰā¨§) ā¨¨ਾā¨˛।
  • ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ / ā¨Žਾā¨°ੂā¨Ĩā¨˛ – ā¨Ĩਾā¨° ā¨°ੇā¨—ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨, ā¨°ੇā¨¤ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ÿਿੱā¨Ŧੇ।
  • ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ – ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ, ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨˛ੇ, ā¨šੇā¨ ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨।
  • ā¨Ŧ੍ā¨°ā¨šā¨Žā¨Ēੁੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ – ā¨†ā¨¸ਾā¨Ž ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨, 250-550 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨‰ā¨šਾā¨ˆ।

9. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨–ਾā¨¸ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ-ā¨¯ā¨Žੁā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨ˆ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨, ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨Žā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ, ā¨¸਼ਾā¨°ā¨Ļਾ, ā¨Ŧੇā¨¤ā¨ĩਾ, ā¨—ੋā¨Žā¨¤ੀ, ā¨˜ਾā¨—ā¨°ਾ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

10. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੇā¨ ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧਿā¨šਾā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ģੈā¨˛ਿā¨†, 2/3 ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨¸ੁੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨Ŧā¨¨ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ, ā¨Žੈā¨¨ā¨—ā¨°ੂā¨ĩ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨–ੱā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨˜ਿā¨°ਿā¨†, ā¨¸ੰā¨¸ਾā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ।

11. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨Ļੀā¨Ēੀ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  1. ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° (Central Highlands) – ā¨šੰā¨Ŧā¨˛ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿੀ, ā¨Ŧੁੰā¨Ļੇā¨˛ā¨–ੰā¨Ą।
  2. ā¨Žਾā¨˛ā¨ĩਾ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° (Malwa Plateau) – ā¨¨ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ļਾ, ā¨¤ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀ, ā¨Žਾā¨šੀ, ā¨šੰā¨Ŧā¨˛, ā¨Ŧੇā¨¤ā¨ĩਾ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ।
  3. ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° (Deccan Plateau) – 5 ā¨˛ੱā¨– ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨— ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨—ੋā¨Ļਾā¨ĩā¨°ੀ, ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾ, ā¨•ਾā¨ĩੇā¨°ੀ, ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ, ā¨‡ੰā¨Ļā¨°ਾā¨ĩā¨¤ੀ, ā¨¤ੁੰā¨—ā¨­ā¨Ļā¨°ਾ, ā¨Ēੇā¨¨ਾā¨° ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛।

12. ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  • ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ (Sahyadri): ā¨¤ਾā¨Ēੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨•ੰā¨¨ਿā¨†ਂā¨•ੁā¨Žਾā¨°ੀ, 1,600 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀā¨†ਂ – ā¨•ਾā¨˛ā¨¸ā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ, ā¨Žā¨šਾਂā¨Ŧā¨˛ੇā¨¸਼ā¨ĩā¨°, ā¨¸ਾā¨˛ā¨šੇā¨°, ā¨•ੁā¨Ļੇā¨°ā¨Žੁੱā¨–, ā¨Ēੁā¨¸਼ā¨Ēਾā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ, ā¨¨ੀā¨˛ā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ।
  • ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ: ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨¨ੀā¨˛ā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ, ā¨œ਼ਿā¨†ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੌāŠœੇ, ā¨Ÿੁੱā¨Ÿੇ-ā¨Ģੁੱā¨Ÿੇ ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœ, ā¨Žā¨šਿੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ (1,501 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°) ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੀ।

13. ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨Ļੀā¨Ēੀ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨–ā¨Ŗਿā¨œ ā¨Ēā¨Ļਾā¨°ā¨Ĩਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨Žā¨˛ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੈā¨—ā¨¨ੀā¨œ਼, ā¨˛ੋā¨šਾ, ā¨•ੋā¨˛ਾ, ā¨¤ਾਂā¨Ŧਾ, ā¨Ŧਾā¨•ā¨¸ਾā¨ˆā¨Ÿ, ā¨…ā¨Ŧā¨°ā¨•, ā¨¸ੋā¨¨ਾ।

14. ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨Ļੀā¨Ēੀ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ੀ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šਾā¨š, ā¨°ā¨ŦāŠœ, ā¨—ੰā¨¨ਾ, ā¨Ļਾā¨˛ਾਂ, ā¨•ੌā¨Ģੀ, ā¨œā¨ĩਾā¨°, ā¨Ŧਾā¨œā¨°ਾ, ā¨Žā¨¸ਾā¨˛ੇ, ā¨¤ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨•ੂ, ā¨¤ੇā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧੀā¨œ।

15. ā¨¤ੱā¨Ÿੀ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ-ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  • ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ੱā¨Ÿ: ā¨—ੁā¨œā¨°ਾā¨¤, ā¨•ੋਂā¨•ā¨Ŗ, ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨Ÿā¨•, ā¨•ੇā¨°ā¨˛।
  • ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨¤ੱā¨Ÿ: ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛, ā¨“ā¨Ąੀā¨¸਼ਾ, ā¨•ੋā¨°ੋā¨Žੰā¨Ąā¨˛ (ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨•ੰā¨¨ਿā¨†ā¨•ੁā¨Žਾā¨°ੀ)।

16. ā¨˛ā¨•ā¨¸਼ā¨Ļੀā¨Ē ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ੰā¨Ąੇā¨Žਾā¨¨-ā¨¨ਿā¨•ੋā¨Ŧਾā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨Ē ā¨¸ā¨Žੂā¨š ā¨Ļੀ ā¨œਾā¨Ŗā¨•ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļਿā¨“।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:

  • ā¨•ੁੱā¨˛ ā¨Ÿਾā¨Ēੂ 267।
  • ā¨…ੰā¨Ąੇā¨Žਾā¨¨-ā¨¨ਿā¨•ੋā¨Ŧਾā¨°: 223 ā¨Ÿਾā¨Ēੂ, ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੀ ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀ ā¨¸ੈā¨Ąā¨˛ ā¨Ēੀā¨• (737 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°)।
  • ā¨˛ā¨•ā¨¸਼ā¨Ļੀā¨Ē: 34 ā¨Ÿਾā¨Ēੂ, ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨Žੀā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀā¨ĩੀ, ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨¨ੀā¨•ੋā¨‡।

17. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ੀ, ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨•ਿੰā¨¨ਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 43% ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨, 29.3% ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœੀ, 27.7% ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨°ੀ।

18. ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂā¨†ā¨¤ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¸ਾā¨—ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੀ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 12 ā¨•ā¨°ੋāŠœ ā¨¸ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ĩਾਂ ā¨Ÿੈā¨Ĩੀā¨œ਼ ā¨¸ਾā¨—ā¨° ā¨¸ੀ।

19. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨Ļā¨°ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧੁā¨°ā¨œ਼ੀā¨˛, ā¨œੋā¨œ਼ੀā¨˛ਾ, ā¨ŦāŠœਾ ā¨˛ਾā¨šਾ ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨¸਼ਿā¨Ēā¨•ੀ ā¨˛ਾ, ā¨˛ਿā¨Ēੂ ā¨˛ੇā¨–, ā¨¨ਿā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ēਾā¨¸, ā¨œੀā¨˛ā¨Ē ā¨˛ਾ।

20. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¯ā¨Žੁā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š, ā¨œਿā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ-ā¨¯ā¨Žੁā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨ĩੀ ā¨•ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

21. ā¨¸ੁੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨Ŧā¨¨ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ੰā¨¸ਾā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨ĩੱā¨Ąਾ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ, ā¨Žੈā¨¨ā¨—ā¨°ੂā¨ĩ ā¨Ļā¨°ā¨–ੱā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨˜ਿā¨°ਿā¨†, ā¨œā¨ĩਾā¨°ੀ ā¨œੰā¨—ā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨­ā¨°ਿā¨†।

22. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨Ģੈā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧਿā¨šਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š। ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Žਿā¨Ĩਿā¨˛ਾ ā¨œਾਂ ā¨Ŧਿā¨šਾā¨° ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩੀ ā¨•ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

23. ā¨Ļੱā¨–ā¨Ŗੀ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨ĩā¨—ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Ž ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧ ā¨ĩੱā¨˛ ā¨ĸā¨˛ਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨, ā¨—ੋā¨Ļਾā¨ĩā¨°ੀ, ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾ, ā¨•ਾā¨ĩੇā¨°ੀ, ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ, ā¨‡ੰā¨Ļā¨°ਾā¨ĩā¨¤ੀ, ā¨¤ੁੰā¨—ā¨­ā¨Ļā¨°ਾ, ā¨Ēੇā¨¨ਾā¨° ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨–ਾāŠœੀ ā¨ĩੱā¨˛ ā¨ĩā¨—ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।

24. ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨Ļā¨°ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ĩਾā¨˛ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ, ā¨­ੋā¨°ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ, ā¨Ēਾā¨˛ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ, ā¨¸਼ੇā¨¨ā¨•ੋā¨Ÿਾ।

25. ā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨Ŧੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨šੀ ā¨šੋā¨Ÿੀ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žā¨šਿੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨—ਿā¨°ੀ (1,501 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°)।

26. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ÿਾā¨Ēੂā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ੁੱā¨˛ ā¨—ਿā¨Ŗā¨¤ੀ ā¨•ਿੰā¨¨ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ੁੱā¨˛ 267 ā¨Ÿਾā¨Ēੂ।

27. ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਿā¨†?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨Ēਿā¨˜ā¨˛ੇ ā¨˛ਾā¨ĩੇ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĸੁੱā¨•ੇ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨šā¨Ÿਾā¨¨ਾਂ (ā¨Ŧā¨¸ਾā¨˛ā¨Ÿ) ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਿā¨†।

28. ā¨Žਾā¨˛ā¨ĩਾ ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¤ਿੰā¨¨ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¨ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ļਾ, ā¨¤ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀ, ā¨Žਾā¨šੀ।

29. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੇā¨ ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šੌāŠœਾā¨ˆ ā¨•ਿੰā¨¨ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ 580 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ, ā¨šੌāŠœਾā¨ˆ 200 ā¨•ਿā¨Žੀ।

30. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žā¨šੱā¨¤ā¨ĩā¨Ēੂā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨°ੇā¨¤ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žੈā¨Ļਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ĩਾā¨° ā¨°ੇā¨—ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ / ā¨Žਾā¨°ੂā¨Ĩā¨˛, ā¨œਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨°ੇā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ÿਿੱā¨Ŧੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨–ਾā¨°ੇ ā¨Ēਾā¨Ŗੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ੀā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।

Answer by Mrinmoee