Chapter 3 

                                                          ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ : ā¨œā¨˛ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š


1. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨œā¨˛ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ਿā¨¸ੇ ā¨‡ā¨˛ਾā¨•ੇ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩā¨šਿā¨Ŗ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੇ ā¨Ļā¨°ਿā¨†ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¨ā¨šਿā¨°ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨œਾā¨˛ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œā¨˛ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨•ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

2. ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੀ ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ļੋ ā¨Ļā¨°ਿā¨†ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨˛ੇ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļੋā¨†ā¨Ŧ ā¨•ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

3. ā¨œā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿā¨­ਾā¨œā¨• (Water Divide) ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ੋā¨ˆ ā¨‰ੱā¨šਾ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨°, ā¨œਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨Ēā¨°ā¨Ŧā¨¤ ā¨œਾਂ ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœ, ā¨œੋ ā¨Ļੋ ā¨œā¨˛ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨šਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ, ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œā¨˛ ā¨ĩਿā¨­ਾā¨œā¨• ā¨•ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

4. ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° (Drainage Basin) ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨•ਿā¨¸ੇ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ā¨šਾā¨‡ā¨• ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° ā¨œਿੱā¨Ĩੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨Ēਾā¨Ŗੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ, ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨–ੇā¨¤ā¨° ā¨•ā¨šਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

5. ā¨œā¨˛ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ਾā¨¸ ā¨¸ā¨°ੂā¨Ē (Drainage Pattern) ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨§ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ੇ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨ĩā¨šਿੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ēਾā¨Ŗੀ ā¨•ā¨ˆ ā¨ĩੱā¨–-ā¨ĩੱā¨– ā¨°ੂā¨Ē ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ, ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨¸ā¨°ੂā¨Ē ā¨œā¨˛ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ਾā¨¸ ā¨¸ā¨°ੂā¨Ē ā¨•ā¨šਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੇ ā¨šā¨¨।

6. ā¨Ąੰā¨Ąੀā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š (Dendritic Pattern) ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļਿā¨“।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧ੍ā¨°ā¨šā¨Žā¨Ēੁੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ąੰā¨Ąੀā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨šā¨¨।

7. ā¨¸ā¨Žਾā¨¨ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š (Parallel Pattern) ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ēੱā¨›ā¨Žੀ ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ā¨Žਾā¨¨ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨šā¨¨।

8. ā¨œਾā¨˛ੀā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾ ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š (Trellis Pattern) ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨›ੋā¨Ÿਾ ā¨¨ਾā¨—ā¨Ēੁā¨° ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨œਾā¨˛ੀā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾ ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨šā¨¨।

9. ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨°ੀ ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š (Radial Pattern) ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¨ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ļਾ, ā¨¸ੋā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨…ā¨Žā¨°ā¨•ੰā¨Ÿā¨• ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨°ੀ ā¨…ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨ĩਾā¨š ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨šā¨¨।

10. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨œā¨˛ā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨•ਿੰā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨—ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨œā¨˛ā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨° 4 ā¨­ਾā¨—ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩੰā¨Ąੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨šā¨¨ – ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨†ā¨ˆ, ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨Ļੀā¨Ēੀ, ā¨¤ੱā¨Ÿੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨…ੰā¨Ļā¨°ੂā¨¨ੀ।

11. ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨˛ਿā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨šੋਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨, ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨, ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ਾਂā¨Žਾā¨¸ੀ ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨šਿā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨–ੱā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।

12. ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨‡ā¨Ļੀā¨Ēੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨Ēā¨ ਾā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨šੋਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨, ā¨›ੋā¨Ÿੇ ā¨œā¨˛ā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੀā¨†ਂ, ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Žੀ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨œਾਂ ā¨ā¨¸ā¨šੁā¨°ੀ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨।

13. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨—ੰā¨—ੋā¨¤ā¨°ੀ ā¨—ā¨˛ੇā¨¸਼ੀā¨…ā¨° (ā¨—ੋā¨Žੁੱā¨–) ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨–ੰā¨Ą ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š।

14. ā¨­ਾā¨—ੀā¨°ā¨Ĩੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨§ਾā¨°ਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨§ਾā¨°ਾ ā¨­ਾā¨—ੀā¨°ā¨Ĩੀ ā¨šੈ।

15. ā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧ੍ā¨°ā¨šā¨Žā¨Ēੁੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀ ā¨–ਾāŠœੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧੰā¨—ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨–ਾāŠœੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੁੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨Ŧā¨¨ ā¨Ąੈā¨˛ā¨Ÿਾ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ।

16. ā¨¸ਿੰā¨§ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ŧੋā¨–ā¨°-ā¨›ੂ ā¨—ā¨˛ੇā¨¸਼ੀā¨…ā¨°, ā¨¤ਿੱā¨Ŧā¨¤ (ā¨¸ā¨Žੁੰā¨Ļā¨° ā¨¤ੱā¨˛ ā¨¤ੋਂ 5182 ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨‰ੱā¨šਾā¨ˆ)।

17. ā¨¸ਿੰā¨§ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ੁੱā¨˛ ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 2880 ā¨•ਿā¨˛ੋā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°, ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š 709 ā¨•ਿā¨˛ੋā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°।

18. ā¨šā¨¨ਾā¨Ŧ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨ŦāŠœਾ ā¨˛ਾā¨šਾ ā¨Ļā¨°ਾ, ā¨šਿā¨Žਾā¨šā¨˛ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼।

19. ā¨¨ā¨°ā¨Žā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨Žā¨°ā¨•ੰā¨Ÿā¨•, ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼।

20. ā¨¤ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁā¨˛ā¨¤ਾā¨ˆ, ā¨Žੱā¨§ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨¤ā¨ĒੁāŠœਾ ā¨Ēā¨šਾāŠœੀā¨†ਂ।

21. ā¨Žā¨šਾਂā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨›ੱā¨¤ੀā¨¸ā¨—āŠœ੍ā¨š ā¨°ਾā¨œ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ļੰā¨Ąਾā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ।

22. ā¨—ੋā¨Ļਾā¨ĩā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ੁੱā¨˛ ā¨˛ੰā¨Ŧਾā¨ˆ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1465 ā¨•ਿā¨˛ੋā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨°।

23. ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¸ā¨šਾā¨‡ā¨• ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ੀā¨Žਾ, ā¨¤ੁੰā¨—ā¨­ੱā¨Ļā¨°ਾ, ā¨˜ਾā¨Ÿ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨­ਾ, ā¨Žੋā¨¨ੇā¨°ੂ, ā¨Ēੰā¨šā¨—ੰā¨—ਾ ā¨†ā¨Ļਿ।

24. ā¨•ਾā¨ĩੇā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Žੁੱā¨– ā¨¸ā¨šਾā¨‡ā¨• ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨šੀā¨°ਾā¨¨ੇā¨—ੀ, ā¨šੇā¨Žਾā¨ĩā¨¤ੀ, ā¨…ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨ĩā¨¤ੀ, ā¨•ਾā¨Ŧਾā¨¨ੀ, ā¨…ā¨Žā¨°ਾā¨ĩā¨¤ੀ।

25. ā¨¸ਾā¨Ŧā¨°ā¨Žā¨¤ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨Ąਿੱā¨—ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨–ੰā¨­ਾā¨¤ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨–ਾāŠœੀ, ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ŧ ā¨¸ਾā¨—ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š।

26. ā¨˛ੂā¨¨ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨¸਼ੇā¨¸਼ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēੁā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨° ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੱā¨› ā¨°ੇā¨—ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨˛ੋā¨Ē ā¨šੋ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੈ।

27. ā¨¤ੱā¨Ÿੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ēਾā¨Ŗੀ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨ĩੱā¨§ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨–ਾ ā¨°ੁੱā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š।

28. ā¨…ੰā¨Ļā¨°ੂā¨¨ੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¤ੰā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļਿā¨“।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨˜ੱā¨—ā¨°, ā¨˛ੂā¨¨ੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Žਾā¨šੀ ā¨¨ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ।

29. ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੁā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨ੀā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ąੱā¨˛, ā¨ĩੂā¨˛ā¨°, ā¨šੰā¨Ļā¨°ā¨¤ਾā¨˛, ā¨Ēੁā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨°, ā¨¸ਾਂā¨Ŧā¨°, ā¨¸਼ā¨¸਼ā¨Ÿā¨Žā¨•ੋā¨Ÿਾ।

30. ā¨Žā¨¨ੁੱā¨– ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨ˆ ā¨ੀā¨˛ਾਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨šā¨°ā¨Ŗਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šā¨¨?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ਾā¨–āŠœਾ ā¨Ąੈā¨Ž ā¨Ēਿੱā¨›ੇ ā¨—ੋā¨Ŧਿੰā¨Ļ ā¨¸ਾā¨—ā¨°।

Answer by Mrinmoee