Nursing Care of the Patient

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Q1.Define nursing care. Explain the principles of nursing care.

Q2.Describe admission procedure of a patient in hospital.
Q3.Explain discharge procedure and nurse’s responsibilities during discharge.
Q4.Discuss the role of nurse in caring for hospitalized patients.

Answers: 

Nursing Care and Related Procedures

Nursing care is the provision of care and support to individuals who are ill, injured, or in need of health maintenance, by trained nursing professionals. It involves assisting patients in recovery, promoting health, preventing illness, and providing comfort.

Principles of Nursing Care

  1. Patient-Centered Care: Focus on the individual needs and preferences of the patient.
  2. Holistic Approach: Consider physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.
  3. Safety: Ensure the environment and care practices prevent harm.
  4. Confidentiality: Maintain privacy of patient information.
  5. Communication: Clear and effective communication with patients and healthcare team.
  6. Respect and Dignity: Treat patients with respect regardless of their condition.
  7. Evidence-Based Practice: Use current best evidence in making decisions about patient care.
  8. Collaboration: Work with other healthcare professionals for comprehensive care.

Admission Procedure of a Patient in Hospital

  1. Preparation: Prepare the ward and necessary equipment.
  2. Reception: Welcome the patient and family, provide information about the hospital.
  3. Registration: Record patient’s personal details, medical history, and reason for admission.
  4. Physical Examination: Nurse assists in initial assessment and vital signs recording.
  5. Assign Bed: Allocate bed and provide necessary items like bed linen.
  6. Orientation: Explain hospital rules, visiting hours, and facilities.
  7. Documentation: Complete admission forms and nursing care plan.

Discharge Procedure and Nurse’s Responsibilities During Discharge

Discharge Procedure:

  1. Doctor’s Order: Confirm discharge order from the physician.
  2. Patient Preparation: Inform patient and family about discharge.
  3. Final Assessment: Check patient’s condition and readiness for discharge.
  4. Documentation: Complete discharge summary and nursing notes.
  5. Instructions: Provide verbal and written instructions on medication, diet, activity, and follow-up care.
  6. Arrange Transport: Assist in arranging transportation if needed.
  7. Collect Belongings: Help patient gather personal items.

Nurse’s Responsibilities:

  • Ensure patient understands discharge instructions.
  • Educate patient and family about home care.
  • Coordinate with other healthcare providers for follow-up.
  • Document all discharge activities accurately.

Role of Nurse in Caring for Hospitalized Patients

  • Monitoring: Regularly check vital signs and patient condition.
  • Medication Administration: Administer prescribed drugs safely.
  • Personal Care: Assist with hygiene, feeding, and mobility.
  • Emotional Support: Provide comfort and reassurance.
  • Health Education: Teach patients about their illness and care.
  • Advocacy: Represent patient’s needs and preferences.
  • Infection Control: Maintain cleanliness and prevent infections.
  • Record Keeping: Maintain accurate and timely patient records.


Previous Year Questions (As per INC & ANC Syllabus)

 Long Questions

* Define nursing care. Explain the principles of nursing care.
* Describe admission procedure of a patient in hospital.
* Explain discharge procedure and nurse’s responsibilities during discharge.
* Discuss the role of nurse in caring for hospitalized patients.
* Explain the physical, psychological and spiritual needs of patients.
* Describe methods of maintaining comfort and safety of patients.
* Explain care of unconscious patient.
* Discuss care of terminally ill patient.
* Explain the needs of patients during illness and hospitalization.
* Describe the role of nurse in rehabilitation of patients.
* Explain infection prevention during patient care.
* Discuss nurse-patient relationship and communication.
* Explain the care of dying patient.
* Describe safety measures followed in hospitals.
* Explain observation and reporting in nursing care.


 Short Notes

* Nursing care
* Patient comfort
* Admission procedure
* Discharge procedure
* Transfer of patient
* Rehabilitation
* Safety measures
* Observation of patient
* Nurse-patient relationship
* Communication in nursing
* Care of unconscious patient
* Care of dying patient
* Terminal illness
* Psychological care
* Spiritual care
* Hospital environment
* Patient safety
* Infection prevention
* Bedside care
* Recording and reporting


Very Short Questions / Viva Questions

* Define nursing care.
* What is admission procedure?
* Define discharge procedure.
* What is rehabilitation?
* Define patient safety.
* What is observation?
* Define communication.
* What is terminal illness?
* Define unconsciousness.
* What is bedside care?
* What is spiritual care?
* Define psychological care.
* What is nurse-patient relationship?
* Name one safety measure in hospital.
* What is infection prevention?
* Define recording.
* Define reporting.
* What is transfer of patient?
* Define comfort measures.
* State one responsibility of a nurse.

MCQs (Previous Year Type)

* The first step during admission of a patient is:
  a) Giving medicines
  b) Welcoming and identifying the patient
  c) Performing surgery
  d) Sending patient home
  Ans: b) Welcoming and identifying the patient

* Rehabilitation means:
  a) Prevention of disease
  b) Restoration of health and ability
  c) Diagnosis of disease
  d) Surgery
  Ans: b) Restoration of health and ability

* The nurse should provide comfort to patient by:
  a) Ignoring complaints
  b) Maintaining cleanliness and care
  c) Delaying treatment
  d) Avoiding communication
  Ans: b) Maintaining cleanliness and care

* Observation in nursing helps to:
  a) Decorate hospital
  b) Detect changes in patient condition
  c) Manufacture medicines
  d) Conduct operations
  Ans: b) Detect changes in patient condition

* Communication between nurse and patient should be:
  a) Harsh
  b) Effective and polite
  c) Careless
  d) Unclear
  Ans: b) Effective and polite

* Care of unconscious patient includes:
  a) Ignoring hygiene
  b) Maintaining airway and cleanliness
  c) Avoiding feeding
  d) Delaying treatment
  Ans: b) Maintaining airway and cleanliness

* Safety measures in hospital help to prevent:
  a) Comfort
  b) Accidents and injuries
  c) Treatment
  d) Nutrition
  Ans: b) Accidents and injuries

* Recording and reporting are important for:
  a) Entertainment
  b) Continuity of patient care
  c) Decoration
  d) Marketing
  Ans: b) Continuity of patient care

Important Repeated Questions for Exam

* Define nursing care and explain its principles.
* Describe admission and discharge procedure.
* Explain care of unconscious patient.
* Discuss nurse-patient relationship.
* Explain safety measures in hospital.
* Write short note on rehabilitation.
* Describe observation, recording and reporting.
* Explain psychological and spiritual care of patient.