Meeting the Basic Needs of a Patient

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Q.Explain oxygen needs and methods of oxygen administration.

Q.Describe maintenance of comfort and safety in hospitalized patients.

Q.Explain measures to maintain personal hygiene of patients.

Q.Oxygen Needs and Methods of Oxygen Administration


Answers: 

Oxygen Needs:

  • Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
  • Patients with respiratory distress, hypoxia, or certain medical conditions require supplemental oxygen.
  • Oxygen therapy helps maintain adequate oxygen saturation in the blood.

Methods of Oxygen Administration:

  1. Nasal Cannula:
    • Delivers low to moderate oxygen concentration (24-40%).
    • Comfortable and allows patient to talk and eat.
  2. Simple Face Mask:
    • Provides 40-60% oxygen concentration.
    • Covers nose and mouth.
  3. Venturi Mask:
    • Delivers precise oxygen concentration (24-50%).
    • Useful for patients needing controlled oxygen.
  4. Non-Rebreather Mask:
    • Provides high oxygen concentration (up to 90%).
    • Has reservoir bag and one-way valves.
  5. Oxygen Tent or Hood:
    • Used mainly for children.
    • Provides controlled oxygen environment.


Maintenance of Comfort and Safety in Hospitalized Patients

  • Comfort:

    • Ensure proper positioning to prevent bedsores.
    • Maintain room temperature and ventilation.
    • Provide pain relief and emotional support.
    • Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition.
    • Minimize noise and disturbances.

  • Safety:

    • Use bed rails to prevent falls.
    • Keep call bell within reach.
    • Ensure proper lighting.
    • Check equipment regularly.
    • Follow infection control protocols.


Measures to Maintain Personal Hygiene of Patients

  • Regular bathing or sponge baths.
  • Oral care to prevent infections and maintain comfort.
  • Hair care and grooming.
  • Nail care to prevent infections.
  • Changing and cleaning of clothes and bed linens.
  • Perineal care to prevent infections.
  • Hand hygiene before and after patient care.

Previous Year Questions (As per INC & ANC Syllabus)

 Long Questions

* Define basic needs of a patient. Explain physical, psychological and social needs of patients.
* Describe the importance of nutrition in patient care.
* Explain measures to maintain personal hygiene of patients.
* Discuss elimination needs and care of patients with elimination problems.
* Explain importance of rest and sleep in recovery of patients.
* Describe maintenance of comfort and safety in hospitalized patients.
* Explain the role of nurse in meeting nutritional needs of patients.
* Discuss fluid and electrolyte balance in patient care.
* Explain care of patients with fever.
* Describe measures to maintain skin integrity and prevent pressure sores.
* Explain oxygen needs and methods of oxygen administration.
* Discuss exercise and mobility needs of patients.
* Explain the importance of maintaining clean and safe environment for patients.
* Describe care of helpless and dependent patients.
* Explain psychological support given to patients during illness.

Short Notes

* Basic needs of patient
* Nutrition
* Personal hygiene
* Rest and sleep
* Exercise
* Mobility
* Elimination
* Pressure sores
* Bed sore prevention
* Fluid balance
* Intake and output chart
* Oxygen therapy
* Comfort measures
* Skin care
* Oral hygiene
* Bed bath
* Safety measures
* Fever care
* Positioning of patient
* Psychological needs


 Very Short Questions 

* Define basic needs.
* What is personal hygiene?
* Define nutrition.
* What is elimination?
* Define pressure sore.
* What is bed bath?
* Define oxygen therapy.
* What is fluid balance?
* Define mobility.
* What is rest?
* Define sleep.
* What is oral hygiene?
* Define intake and output chart.
* What is fever care?
* Define comfort measures.
* What is skin care?
* What is exercise?
* Define positioning.
* What is psychological support?
* State one basic need of patient.


MCQs (Previous Year Type)

* The most important need for survival is:
  a) Entertainment
  b) Oxygen
  c) Television
  d) Reading
  Ans: b) Oxygen

* Pressure sores are caused by:
  a) Frequent movement
  b) Prolonged pressure on skin
  c) Exercise
  d) Good nutrition
  Ans: b) Prolonged pressure on skin

* Bed bath is given to patients who are:
  a) Walking independently
  b) Bedridden
  c) Healthy
  d) Discharged
  Ans: b) Bedridden

* Intake and output chart is maintained to assess:
  a) Sleep pattern
  b) Fluid balance
  c) Mental health
  d) Vision
  Ans: b) Fluid balance

* Rest and sleep help in:
  a) Delayed recovery
  b) Healing and recovery
  c) Causing infection
  d) Weakness only
  Ans: b) Healing and recovery

* Oral hygiene prevents:
  a) Infection and bad breath
  b) Fever
  c) Blindness
  d) Fracture
  Ans: a) Infection and bad breath

* Oxygen therapy is given to patients with:
  a) Breathing difficulty
  b) Ear pain
  c) Toothache
  d) Fracture only
  Ans: a) Breathing difficulty

* Proper positioning of patient helps to prevent:
  a) Comfort
  b) Pressure sores
  c) Nutrition
  d) Sleep
  Ans: b) Pressure sores


 Important Repeated Questions for Exam

* Define basic needs of patient and explain them.
* Describe importance of nutrition in patient care.
* Explain personal hygiene and skin care.
* Discuss prevention of pressure sores.
* Explain rest and sleep requirements of patients.
* Write short note on oxygen therapy.
* Describe fluid balance and intake-output chart.
* Explain care of helpless and dependent patients.