Nursing Management of Common Pediatric Disorders
Q.Define Diarrhea. Explain the Nursing Management of Diarrhea in Children.
Introduction
Diarrhea is one of the most common illnesses in children and a major cause of dehydration and malnutrition. Early treatment and proper nursing care are essential to prevent complications.
Definition
Diarrhea is the passage of three or more loose or watery stools in a day.
Causes of Diarrhea
Viral infection
Bacterial infection
Parasitic infection
Contaminated food and water
Poor hygiene
Bottle feeding
Malnutrition
Food allergy
Signs and Symptoms
Frequent loose stools
Vomiting
Fever
Abdominal pain
Thirst
Dry mouth
Sunken eyes
Weakness
Irritability
Decreased urine output
Complications
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Malnutrition
Shock
Medical Management
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
Intravenous fluids in severe dehydration
Zinc supplementation
Antibiotics if prescribed
Continued feeding and breastfeeding
Nursing Management of Diarrhea
Assessment
Assess frequency and consistency of stools.
Check signs of dehydration.
Monitor vital signs.
Assess intake and output.
Maintenance of Fluid Balance
Administer ORS frequently.
Encourage plenty of fluids.
Start IV fluids if ordered.
Monitor for signs of dehydration.
Nutritional Care
Continue breastfeeding.
Provide light and nutritious diet.
Avoid oily and spicy food.
Hygiene Measures
Maintain hand hygiene.
Clean perineal area properly.
Use safe drinking water.
Maintain environmental cleanliness.
Monitoring
Monitor body weight.
Observe for vomiting and fever.
Record stool frequency and urine output.
Health Education
Teach parents preparation of ORS.
Explain importance of hand washing.
Advise safe food preparation.
Educate regarding early treatment.
Prevention
Exclusive breastfeeding
Proper sanitation
Immunization
Safe drinking water
Good nutrition
Previous Year Questions
Define diarrhea. Explain the nursing management of diarrhea in children.
Discuss causes, symptoms, treatment and nursing care of pneumonia in children.
Explain bronchial asthma in children and describe its nursing management.
Define protein energy malnutrition and discuss its prevention and nursing management.
Describe meningitis in children and explain the nursing care of a child with meningitis.
Discuss nephrotic syndrome in children and explain its management.
Explain congenital heart disease and nursing care of affected children.
Describe tonsillitis in children and discuss its nursing management.
Explain febrile convulsion and nursing care during convulsions.
Discuss upper respiratory tract infection and its prevention in children.
Describe acute gastroenteritis and nursing management.
Explain anemia in children and discuss preventive measures.
Discuss rheumatic fever and nursing management in children.
Describe urinary tract infection in children and explain nursing care.
Explain dehydration in children and discuss fluid management.
Describe constipation in children and its nursing management.
Discuss vomiting in children and nursing care measures.
Explain otitis media and nursing management.
Describe worm infestation and its prevention in children.
Discuss tuberculosis in children and its management.
Explain seizure disorders in children and nursing management.
Describe cleft lip and cleft palate with nursing care.
Discuss care of child with burns.
Explain leukemia in children and nursing management.
Describe jaundice in children and its management.
Discuss care of child with fever.
Explain skin disorders commonly seen in children.
Describe congenital anomalies in children and nursing care.
Discuss cerebral palsy and management of affected child.
Explain hydrocephalus and nursing management.
Describe spina bifida and nursing care.
Discuss common nutritional disorders in children.
Explain respiratory distress in children and emergency management.
Describe management of child with poisoning.
Discuss nursing care of child with fractures.
Explain management of dengue fever in children.
Describe malaria in children and its nursing management.
Discuss management of child with measles.
Explain chickenpox and nursing care of affected child.
Describe mumps and its prevention.
Discuss diphtheria and nursing management.
Explain pertussis and care of child with whooping cough.
Describe poliomyelitis and rehabilitation measures.
Discuss HIV infection in children and nursing management.
Explain hand foot mouth disease and preventive measures.
Describe scabies in children and nursing management.
Discuss management of child with eczema.
Explain dental caries in children and preventive measures.
Describe eye disorders in children and nursing management.
Discuss accidents and injury prevention in children.
Explain emergency care of choking in children.
Describe poisoning due to kerosene ingestion and management.
Discuss care of child with developmental disorders.
Explain common behavioral problems in children and management.
Describe nursing responsibilities in pediatric ward.
Discuss role of nurse in health education of parents regarding childhood disorders.
