Chapter 19

                                                       ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–-ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜


ā¨Ēਾā¨ -ā¨…ā¨­ਿā¨†ā¨¸ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨-ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°

1. ā¨–਼ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨¸ā¨Ĩਾā¨¨ ā¨­ā¨°ੋ:-

(ā¨‰) ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨ĻੌāŠœā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ …………… ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨ĻੌāŠœā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨– ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

(ā¨†) ………….. ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼-ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°:  1947 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼-ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ।

(ā¨‡) ā¨œੇā¨¤ੂ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨šੀ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ …………… ā¨Žਿā¨˛ਿā¨† ।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨œੇā¨¤ੂ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨šੀ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨˛ਿā¨† ।

(ā¨¸) ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ਿā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ………….. ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨§ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ਿā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨§ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ।

(ā¨š) ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ……………. ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ । .

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ēā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¸਼੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ।

2. ā¨¸ੰā¨–ੇā¨Ē ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļਿā¨“:-

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 1.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨Ēਿੰā¨Ą ā¨—ੋā¨Ŧਿੰā¨Ļā¨Ēੁā¨°, ā¨œ਼ਿā¨˛੍ā¨šਾ ā¨Žੁā¨œ਼ੱā¨Ģā¨°ā¨—āŠœ੍ā¨š (ā¨Ēਾā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨) ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ā¨¸ੀ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 2.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ 1953 ā¨ˆā¨¸ā¨ĩੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ā¨¸ੀ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 3.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ “ā¨Ģā¨˛ਾā¨‡ā¨°ਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨– ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ā¨¸ੀ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ “ā¨Ģā¨˛ਾā¨‡ੰā¨— ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–” ā¨Ēਾā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨Šਂā¨¸ā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ā¨¸ੀ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 4.ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨ĩੱā¨˛ੋਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ēā¨Ļā¨Žā¨¸਼੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨‰ā¨Ēਾā¨§ੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

3. ā¨šੇā¨  ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੇ ā¨¸਼ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĩਾā¨•ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨¤ੋ:-

ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļ, ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾā¨¨, ā¨…ā¨­ਿā¨†ā¨¸, ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š, ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨¸ਾā¨¸, ā¨Ēā¨›ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾ, ā¨¤ā¨—਼ā¨Žਾ, ā¨¨ਿā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ੀ, ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ, ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ ।

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļ (ā¨˛āŠœਾā¨ˆ–ā¨ā¨—āŠœਾ) – ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ 1947 ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨¸ā¨¨ ।

ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾā¨¨ (ā¨…ੰā¨Ļਾā¨œ਼ਾ) – ā¨Žੌā¨¸ā¨Ž ā¨ĩਿā¨­ਾā¨— ā¨Ļੇ ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨Žੁā¨¤ਾā¨Ŧā¨• ā¨•ੱā¨˛੍ā¨š ā¨Žੀਂā¨š ā¨Ēੈ ā¨¸ā¨•ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨…ā¨­ਿā¨†ā¨¸ (ā¨ĩਾā¨°-ā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨•ਿā¨°ਿā¨†) – ā¨…ā¨­ਿā¨†ā¨¸ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨Žā¨¨ੁੱā¨– ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¨ਿā¨Ēੁੰā¨¨ ā¨šੋ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š (ā¨œੋā¨¸਼) – ā¨˛ੋā¨• ā¨ŦāŠœੇ ā¨‰ā¨¤ā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨–ੇā¨Ą ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ ā¨Ļੇā¨–ā¨Ŗ ā¨—ā¨ ।

ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨¸ਾā¨¸ (ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨­ā¨ĩ) – ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨†ā¨–਼ā¨° ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨…ā¨šਿā¨¸ਾā¨¸ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ā¨•ਿ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨—ā¨˛ā¨¤ੀ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨¸ੀ ।

ā¨Ēā¨›ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾ (ā¨Ļੁੱā¨–) – ā¨œੇ ā¨Žੌā¨•ੇ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨¨ਾ ā¨ĩā¨°ā¨¤ਿā¨† ā¨œਾā¨ĩੇ ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēā¨›ā¨¤ਾā¨ĩਾ ā¨šੀ ā¨°ā¨šਿ ā¨œਾਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨¤ā¨—਼ā¨Žਾ (ā¨Žੈā¨Ąā¨˛) – ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ੋā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¤ā¨—਼ā¨Žਾ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਿā¨† ।

ā¨¨ਿā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ੀ (ā¨•ੰā¨Ž ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗਾ) – ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ਿā¨¯ੁā¨•ā¨¤ੀ ā¨‡ੱā¨• ā¨‰ੱā¨š ā¨…ā¨šੁā¨Ļੇ ‘ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ੀ ā¨—ā¨ˆ ।

ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ (ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ) – ā¨¸ā¨Žਾā¨—ā¨Ž ā¨Ļੇ ā¨…ੰā¨¤ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‡ੱā¨• ā¨Ļੂā¨œੇ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ।

ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ (ā¨¸ā¨Ēā˛°್ā˛§ਾ) – ā¨Ļੋ ā¨Ÿੀā¨Žਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨¤ ā¨•ā¨ ਿā¨¨ ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ।

4. ā¨šੇā¨ ਾਂ ā¨‡ੱā¨• ā¨šੀ ā¨…ā¨°ā¨Ĩ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧੀ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šਿੰā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ਿੰā¨¨-ā¨­ਿੰā¨¨ ā¨¸਼ā¨Ŧā¨Ļ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨šā¨¨। ā¨‡ā¨šā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨§ਿā¨†ā¨¨ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛਼ ā¨ĒāŠœੋ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēੰā¨œਾā¨Ŧੀ ā¨¸਼ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੋ:-

ā¨šੇā¨ ਾਂ ā¨—ੁā¨°ā¨Žੁā¨–ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੇ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨¸਼ā¨Ŧā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ļੇā¨ĩā¨¨ਾā¨—ā¨°ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੋ. ‘ ‘

ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ : ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤¤िā¤¯ोā¤—िā¤¤ा

ā¨Ģ਼ā¨°ā¨• : ā¤…ंā¤¤ā¤°

ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ : ā¤­ाā¤—

ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ : ā¤¸ेā¤¨ा

ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ਾ : ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤Ĩā¤Ž

ā¨¸ੁā¨–ਾā¨˛ਾ : ā¤†ā¤¸ाā¤¨

ā¨•ੌā¨Žੀ-ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨¨ਾ : ā¤°ाā¤ˇ्ā¤Ÿ्ā¤°ीā¤¯ ā¤—ाā¤¨

ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ : ā¤ĩिā¤Ļā¤ˆ

ā¨šੰā¨ੂ : ā¤†ंā¤¸ू

ā¨¸ੌā¨Ļਾ : ā¤¨िā¤Žंā¤¤्ā¤°ā¤Ŗ

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨-ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨Ēā¨¸ੰā¨Ļ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ģੋā¨Ÿੋ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨•ਾā¨Ēੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šਿā¨Ēā¨•ਾā¨“ । ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨ĩੀ ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੋ ā¨•ਿ ā¨¤ੁā¨¸ੀਂ ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨Ēā¨¸ੰā¨Ļ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੋ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਾ : ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤¤िā¤¯ोā¤—िā¤¤ा

ā¨Ģ਼ā¨°ā¨• : ā¤…ंā¤¤ā¤°
ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ : ā¤­ाā¤—
ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ : ā¤¸ेā¤¨ा
ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ਾ : ā¤Ē्ā¤°ā¤Ĩā¤Ž
ā¨¸ੁā¨–ਾā¨˛ਾ : ā¤†ā¤¸ाā¤¨
ā¨•ੌā¨Žੀ-ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨¨ਾ : ā¤°ाā¤ˇ्ā¤Ÿ्ā¤°ीā¤¯ ā¤—ाā¤¨
ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ : ā¤ĩिā¤Ļाā¤ˆ
ā¨šੰā¨ੂ : ā¤†ँā¤¸ू
ā¨¸ੌā¨Ļਾ : ā¤¨िā¤Žंā¤¤्ā¤°ā¤Ŗ

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨: ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨Ēā¨¸ੰā¨Ļ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ģੋā¨Ÿੋ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨•ਾā¨Ēੀ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šਿā¨Ēā¨•ਾā¨“। ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨ĩੀ ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੋ ā¨•ਿ ā¨¤ੁā¨¸ੀਂ ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨‰ਂ ā¨Ēā¨¸ੰā¨Ļ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨Ļੇ ā¨šੋ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨¸ā¨šਿā¨¨ ā¨¤ੇਂā¨Ļੁā¨˛ā¨•ā¨° ā¨•੍ā¨°ਿā¨•ੇā¨Ÿ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žā¨šਾā¨¨ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨šੈ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀā¨†ਂ ā¨–ੇā¨Ą ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾā¨Ž ā¨°ੌā¨¸਼ā¨¨ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ā¨šੈ। ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¸਼ਾā¨¨ā¨Ļਾā¨° ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨—ੁā¨œ਼ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ‘ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨°ā¨¤ā¨¨’ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩੀ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨šੈ। ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨Žੇā¨°ਾ ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Žā¨¨ā¨Ēā¨¸ੰā¨Ļ ā¨–ਿā¨Ąਾā¨°ੀ ā¨šੈ।

(i) ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨ĩਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ēੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨

ā¨šੇā¨  ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧā¨šੁā¨ĩਿā¨•ā¨˛ā¨Ēੀ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨šੋਂ ā¨ ੀā¨• ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨…ੱā¨—ੇ ā¨¸ā¨šੀ (✓) ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਿā¨¸਼ਾā¨¨ ā¨˛ਾā¨“.

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 1.‘ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–-ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜, ā¨œੀā¨ĩā¨¨ੀ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ā¨šā¨¨ਾ ā¨šੈ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨Ąਾ. ā¨œਾā¨—ੀā¨° ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨œੀ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 2.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨•ੌā¨Ŗ ā¨šੈ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੇ ā¨¸ੰā¨¸ਾā¨° ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ੱā¨šਾ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ā¨šੈ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‡ੱā¨• ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾā¨• ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 3.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨ĻੌāŠœā¨¨ ā¨•ā¨°ā¨•ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ “ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–” ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 4.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨œā¨¨ā¨Ž ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ “ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–” ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 5.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ 1947 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨¸ā¨¨ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 6.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨†ਂ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‰ā¨š 1953 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 7.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੀ ā¨ĩਾā¨°ੀ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨˛ਿā¨† ?

ā¨œਾਂ .

ā¨†ā¨¸ā¨Ÿā¨°ੇā¨˛ੀā¨† ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸਼ā¨šਿā¨° ā¨Žੈā¨˛ā¨Ŧੌā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੀ ā¨ĩਾā¨° 1956 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨˛ਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 8.1958 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) 1958 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨Ÿੋā¨•ੀā¨“ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 9.1958 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨—ੇā¨Žਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¨ā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨°ਿā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą ā¨•ਾā¨‡ā¨Ž ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ ‘ā¨¤ੇ ā¨œā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨‡ā¨¨ਾā¨Ž ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨…ā¨—ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੁā¨¨ੀā¨† ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨…ā¨—ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੁā¨¨ੀā¨† ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੀ ā¨œ਼ਿā¨•ā¨° ā¨šੋā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨— ā¨Ēਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 10.ā¨˛ਾā¨šੌā¨° ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ā¨•ਿ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ “ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–’ ā¨•ā¨šਿā¨Ŗਾ ā¨šਾā¨šੀā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨˛ਾā¨šੌā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ēਾā¨•ਿā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨…ā¨¨ਾā¨Šਂā¨¸ā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ā¨•ਿ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ “ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨–” ā¨•ā¨šਿā¨Ŗਾ ā¨šਾā¨šੀā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 11.ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨Ēਿੱā¨›ੋਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨‰ā¨Ļਾā¨¸ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨¨ਿā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ ā¨šੋ ā¨—ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) 1960 ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ਿā¨°ਾā¨¸਼ ā¨šੋ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 12. 1960 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) 1960 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨°ੋā¨Ž ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 13. 1962 ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨œā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¤ਾ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ੀ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) 1962 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨œā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¤ਾ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¸ੋā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¤ā¨Žā¨—ੇ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ੇ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 14.ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœੀā¨†ਂ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨Ēਿā¨›ੋਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ā¨šਿ ā¨•ੇ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੇ ā¨Ŧੂā¨Ÿ ā¨•ਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ÿੰā¨— ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) 1964 ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨Ÿੋā¨•ੀā¨“ ā¨‰ā¨˛ੰā¨Ēਿā¨• ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨Ŧਾā¨…ā¨Ļ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨…ā¨˛ā¨ĩਿā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ā¨šਿ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 15.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ੌā¨•ā¨°ੀ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨›ੱā¨Ąੀ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ 1971 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨¨ੌā¨•ā¨°ੀ ā¨›ੱā¨Ą ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੀ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 16.ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨šāŠœਾ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ? .

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨¸ā¨°ā¨•ਾā¨° ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ēā¨Ļā¨Ž ā¨¸਼੍ā¨°ੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ਿā¨¤ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 17.ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨ĻੌāŠœā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ ………. ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† । ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨ĩਾā¨• ā¨ĩਿā¨šā¨˛ੀ ā¨–਼ਾā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ĩਾਂ ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨ĸੁੱā¨•ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨¸਼ā¨Ŧā¨Ļ ā¨šੁā¨Ŗੋ-

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: (✓) ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨ĻੌāŠœā¨¨ ā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨¨ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨‰ੱā¨Ąā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸ਿੱā¨– ā¨Ēੈ ā¨—ਿā¨† ।

(ii) ā¨Ēੈā¨°ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ā¨Ŧੰā¨§ੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨

1. ā¨šੇā¨  ā¨˛ਿā¨–ੇ ā¨Ēੈā¨°ੇ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĒāŠœ੍ā¨š ā¨•ੇ ā¨…ੱā¨—ੇ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļਿā¨“-

1947 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ļੇā¨¸਼ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨ĩੰā¨Ą ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨Ģā¨¸ਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ । ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¸਼ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨°ā¨Ĩੀ ā¨•ੈਂā¨Ēਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨°ੁā¨˛ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ēੁੱā¨œ ā¨—ਿā¨† । 1953 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨­ā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨šੋ ā¨—ਿā¨† । ā¨œā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ-ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨šਿੱā¨¸ਾ ā¨˛ੈā¨Ŗਾ ā¨¸਼ੁā¨°ੂ ā¨•ੀā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¸ā¨Žੇਂ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šਾā¨° ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ģ਼ਾā¨¸ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨ĩੀ ā¨…ā¨¨ੁā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨¨ā¨šੀਂ ā¨¸ੀ ।ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨¸ਿā¨† ā¨•ਿ ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨Ģ਼ਾā¨¸ā¨˛ਾ ā¨—ਾā¨‰ਂā¨Ą ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‡ā¨• ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧā¨°ਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ, “ā¨‡ā¨• ā¨›ੱā¨Ą ā¨Žੈਂ ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļā¨¸ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨˛ਾ ā¨¸ā¨•ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šਾਂ ।” ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨¸ਿā¨† ā¨•ਿ ā¨‡ੱā¨•ੋ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨šੀ ā¨Ļā¨¸ਾਂ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨°ਾਂ ā¨œਿੰā¨¨ਾ ā¨œ਼ੋā¨° ā¨˛ਾ ā¨Ļੇā¨Ŗਾ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ । ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‡ā¨š ā¨—ੱā¨˛ ā¨Ēੱā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ŧੰā¨¨੍ā¨š ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗੀ ā¨•ੰā¨Ēā¨¨ੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੇ ā¨¨ੰā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨† ā¨—ਿā¨† । ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨œੁੱā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ੂā¨Ŗ ā¨•ੇ ā¨œā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ । ā¨šੌā¨˛ੀ-ā¨šੌā¨˛ੀ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨°ੀā¨° ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ģੁā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨†ā¨‰ਂā¨Ļੀ ā¨—ā¨ˆ । ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ā¨Ļā¨Ž ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ļā¨Ž ā¨Ēੱā¨•ā¨Ļਾ ā¨—ਿā¨† । ā¨šੁā¨Ŗ ā¨¸ā¨Žੁੱā¨šੀ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ੀ ā¨¸ੈā¨¨ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ-ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨—ੁੱā¨Ąੀ ā¨šāŠœ੍ā¨šā¨¨ ā¨˛ੱā¨— ā¨Ēā¨ˆ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 1.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨•ā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ 1947 ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ģ਼ā¨¸ਾā¨Ļਾਂ ā¨Ļੌā¨°ਾā¨¨ ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨¸ā¨¨ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 2.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨•ਿā¨¸ ā¨¤ā¨°੍ā¨šਾਂ ā¨Ēੁੱā¨œਾ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¸਼ā¨°ā¨¨ਾā¨°ā¨Ĩੀ ā¨•ੈਂā¨Ēਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨°ੁā¨˛ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ā¨Ļਿੱā¨˛ੀ ā¨Ēੁੱā¨œਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 3.ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨šਾā¨° ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ģ਼ਾā¨¸ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ੇ ā¨•ੀ ā¨Ļੱā¨¸ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļੱā¨¸ਿā¨† ā¨•ਿ ā¨šਾā¨° ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Ģ਼ਾā¨¸ā¨˛ਾ ā¨—ā¨°ਾā¨Šਂā¨Ą ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‡ੱā¨• ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧā¨°ਾā¨Ŧā¨° ā¨šੁੰā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 4. ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨•ੀ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¤ਾā¨Ļ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨•ਿā¨šਾ ā¨•ਿ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ā¨ˆ ā¨‡ੱā¨•ੋ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨° ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੀ ā¨Ļā¨¸ਾਂ ā¨šੱā¨•ā¨°ਾਂ ā¨œਿੰā¨¨ਾ ā¨œ਼ੋā¨° ā¨˛ā¨—ਾā¨‰ā¨Ŗਾ ā¨Ēੈਂā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੈ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 5.ā¨•ੰā¨Ēā¨¨ੀ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Ēā¨šਿā¨˛ੇ ā¨¨ੰā¨Ŧā¨° ’ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨°ā¨šਿā¨Ŗ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੀ ā¨…ā¨¸ā¨° ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨œਿੱā¨¤ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸ੁੱā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¸਼ā¨•ā¨¤ੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨œā¨—ਾ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨•ā¨Ļā¨Ž ā¨¤ੇā¨œ਼ ā¨šੋā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨—ੇ, ā¨œਿā¨¸ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨Ģ਼ੌā¨œ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœ ā¨Žੁā¨•ਾā¨Ŧā¨˛ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨—ੁੱā¨Ąੀ ā¨šāŠœ੍ā¨šā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨— ā¨Ēā¨ˆ ।

2. ā¨šੇā¨  ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ēੈā¨°ੇ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĒāŠœ੍ā¨š ā¨•ੇ ā¨…ੱā¨—ੇ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ਾਂ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨° ā¨Ļਿā¨“-

1958 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨§ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨Ÿੋā¨•ੀā¨“ ā¨ĩਿā¨–ੇ ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ । ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨‰ā¨¨ੀਂ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ੀਂ ā¨Ēੂā¨°ੀ ā¨¤ਿā¨†ā¨°ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¸ੀ । ā¨‡ā¨¸ ā¨ĩਾā¨° ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨Ēā¨›ਾāŠœ ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨† ā¨Ļਾ ā¨¸ā¨­ ā¨¤ੋਂ ā¨¤ā¨•āŠœਾ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾā¨• ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗ ā¨—ਿā¨† । ā¨Ļੋ ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šਾā¨° ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨¨ā¨ĩਾਂ ā¨°ਿā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą ā¨•ਾā¨‡ā¨Ž ā¨•ā¨° ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ਾ ā¨¸ā¨Ÿੇā¨Ąੀā¨…ā¨Ž ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨šੱā¨˛ਾ-ā¨¸਼ੇā¨°ੀ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨—ੂੰā¨œ ā¨‰ੱā¨ ਿā¨† ā¨…ā¨–਼ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˜ੇā¨° ā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨•ੈā¨Žā¨°ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨…ੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨œā¨—ā¨Ŗ-ā¨Ŧੁੱā¨ā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨—ੀā¨†ਂ । ā¨–਼ੁā¨¸਼ੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨˛ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨…ੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨šੰā¨ੂ ā¨† ā¨—ā¨ । ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗਾ ā¨—਼ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ ā¨­ā¨°ਿā¨† ā¨Ŧā¨šā¨Ēā¨¨, ā¨•ā¨¤ā¨˛ ā¨šੋā¨ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧਿā¨Ēā¨¤ਾ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¯ਾā¨Ļ ā¨† ā¨—ā¨ ā¨œā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¨ੇ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨‡ā¨¨ਾā¨Ž ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨­ਾā¨°ā¨¤ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨•ੌā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨¨ਾ ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨—ੂੰā¨œ ā¨‰ੱā¨ ਿā¨† ā¨…ā¨—ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੁā¨¨ੀā¨† ā¨ĩਿā¨š ‘ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜-ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜’ ā¨šੋ ā¨—ā¨ˆ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 1.1958 ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨—ੇā¨Žਾਂ ā¨•ਿੱā¨Ĩੇ ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1958 ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨°ਾā¨œā¨§ਾā¨¨ੀ ā¨Ÿੋā¨•ੀā¨“ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šੋā¨ˆā¨†ਂ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 2.1958 ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨—ੇā¨Žਾਂ ā¨ĩਿā¨š ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨•ੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀ ā¨¸ੀ ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: 1958 ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Ļੋ ā¨¸ੌ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨šਾā¨° ā¨¸ੌ ā¨Žੀā¨Ÿā¨° ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ĻੌāŠœਾਂ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨¨ā¨ĩੇਂ ā¨°ਿā¨•ਾā¨°ā¨Ą ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗਾā¨ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 3.ā¨œā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨…ā¨–਼ā¨Ŧਾā¨°ਾਂ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨˜ੇā¨° ā¨˛ਿā¨† ā¨¤ੇ ā¨•ੈā¨Žā¨°ਿā¨†ਂ ā¨Ļੀā¨†ਂ ā¨…ੱā¨–ਾਂ ā¨œā¨—ā¨Ŗā¨Ŧੁੱā¨ā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨—ੀā¨†ਂ, ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨ĩੀ ā¨¯ਾā¨Ļ ā¨† ā¨—ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨¸ ā¨ĩੇā¨˛ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨†ā¨Ēā¨Ŗਾ ā¨—ā¨°ੀā¨Ŧੀ ā¨­ā¨°ਿā¨† ā¨Ŧā¨šā¨Ēā¨¨, ā¨Žਾā¨°ੇ ā¨—ā¨ ā¨Žਾā¨Ēੇ ā¨…ā¨¤ੇ ā¨Ŧਿā¨Ēā¨¤ਾ ā¨ĩਾā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¯ਾā¨Ļ ā¨† ā¨—ā¨ ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 4.ā¨œā¨Ļੋਂ ā¨œਾā¨Ēਾā¨¨ ā¨Ļੇ ā¨Ŧਾā¨Ļā¨¸਼ਾā¨š ā¨¨ੇ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨¨ੂੰ ā¨‡ā¨¨ਾā¨Ž ā¨Ļਿੱā¨¤ਾ, ā¨¤ਾਂ ā¨•ੀ ā¨—ੂੰā¨œ ā¨‰ੱā¨ ਿā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨‰ā¨¸ā¨Ļੇ ā¨¸ā¨¨ā¨Žਾā¨¨ ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨•ੌā¨Žੀ ā¨¤ā¨°ਾā¨¨ਾ ā¨—ੂੰā¨œ ā¨‰ੱā¨ ਿā¨† ।

ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ā¨¸਼ā¨¨ 5.ā¨¤ੀā¨œੀā¨†ਂ ā¨ā¨¸਼ੀā¨†ā¨ˆ ā¨–ੇā¨Ąਾਂ ā¨Ļੀ ā¨Ē੍ā¨°ਾā¨Ēā¨¤ੀ ā¨Ēਿੱā¨›ੋਂ ā¨…ā¨—ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨•ੀ ā¨šੋā¨‡ā¨† ?

ā¨‰ੱā¨¤ā¨°: ā¨…ā¨—ā¨˛ੇ ā¨Ļਿā¨¨ ā¨¸ਾā¨°ੀ ā¨Ļੁā¨¨ੀā¨† ā¨ĩਿੱā¨š ā¨šā¨° ā¨Ĩਾਂ ā¨Žਿā¨˛ā¨–ਾ ā¨¸ਿੰā¨˜ ā¨Ļਾ ā¨šੀ ā¨¨ਾā¨Ž ā¨—ੂੰā¨œā¨Ŗ ā¨˛ੱā¨— ā¨Ēਿā¨† ।

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