LESSON -9
LETTERS FROM A FATHER TO HIS DAUGHTER
đText Books PDF
đMCQ Online Exam
đShort Question Answer
Comprehension
1. Who were the Aryans and from where did they come to India?
āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ āĻোāύ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻ’ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻাā§°āϤāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ?
Answer:- The Aryans were a strong fighting people who drove the Dravidians.
They came from Central Asia to India.
āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϝুঁāĻাā§°ু āĻāύāĻোāώ্āĻ ী āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĻ্ā§°াāĻŦিāĻĄ়āĻ āĻেāĻĻিāĻিāϞ।
āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻāĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻাā§°āϤāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ।
2. How can we find out more about the Aryans?
āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽি āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŽ?
Answer:- We can find out more about the Aryans from our old Sanskrit books. Such as Vedas, Puranas, Ramayana, Mahabharata.
āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤ āĻ্ā§°āύ্āĻĨā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŽ। āϝেāύে āĻŦেāĻĻ, āĻĒুā§°াāĻŖ, ā§°াāĻŽাāϝ়āĻŖ, āĻŽāĻšাāĻাā§°āϤ।
3.Write about the Vedas and how they were passed on to us.
āĻŦেāĻĻā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻā§°ু āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻāĻŽাāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻš’āϞ āϏেāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϞিāĻা।
Answer:- Vedas were the oldest book in the world. There are four Vedas and the first veda is the Rig veda. At first Vedas were not written. It passed through orally generation to generation. The Vedas were written in Vedic period. Veda means knowledge.
āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āĻ্ā§°āύ্āĻĨ। āĻাā§°িāĻāύ āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦেāĻĻ। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāϤে āĻŦেāĻĻ āϞিāĻা āĻšোā§ąা āύাāĻিāϞ। āĻŽৌāĻিāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽāϞৈ āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ। āĻŦেāĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦৈāĻĻিāĻ āϝুāĻāϤ ā§°āĻāύা āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻŦেāĻĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻে āĻ্āĻাāύ।
4. How did cow-worship begin?
āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻš’āϞ āĻো-āĻĒূāĻা?
Answer:- The Aryans naturally attached a great value to agriculture. So, they valued everything that helped in agriculture. The bull and cow helped them very much in their agriculture and their daily lives, for the cow gave them milk which was valued very greatly. So, they adored cows and sang in their praises. Long afterwards, forgetting the actual fact for the care of the cow, people started worshipping the cow.
āĻā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাā§ąিāĻāϤে āĻৃāώিāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāĻে, āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻৃāώিāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°া āϏāĻāϞো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ। āĻŽ’āĻš āĻā§°ু āĻā§°ুā§ąে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻৃāώি āĻā§°ু āĻĻৈāύāύ্āĻĻিāύ āĻীā§ąāύāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ, āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻাāĻāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻাāĻীā§° āĻĻিāĻিāϞ āϝাā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻ āϤিāĻļāϝ় āĻŦেāĻি āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāĻে, āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻā§°াāϧāύা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļংāϏাāϤ āĻাāύ āĻাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻŦāĻšুāĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒাāĻāϤ āĻā§°ুā§° āϝāϤ্āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āϏāϤ্āϝāĻো āĻĒাāĻšā§°ি āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻā§°ুāĻ āĻĒূāĻা āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে।
5. What does the word ‘Aryan’ mean? Describe the characteristics of the Aryans.
‘āĻā§°্āϝ’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻোā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি? āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:- The word ‘Aryan’ means a generation, a superior kind of person.
Some of the characteristics of the Aryans are mentioned in the below:-
i) They were a strong fighting people.
ii) They were very proud of themselves and their race.
iii) They loved freedom greatly.
‘āĻā§°্āϝ্āϝ’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽ, āĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি।
āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āϤāϞāϤ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে:-
i) āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϝুঁāĻাā§°ু āĻāύāĻোāώ্āĻ ী।
ii) āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āύিāĻāĻে āĻā§°ু āύিāĻā§° āĻাāϤিāĻোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āϤি āĻৌā§°ā§ą āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
iii) āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāĻ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻাāϞ āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ।
6. What rules of life did the Aryans keep, which have developed into an unhealthy system today?
āĻā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻি āĻি āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ, āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻি āĻāĻ āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāĻā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻāĻļিāϤ āĻšৈāĻে?
Answer:- The Aryans, being very proud of themselves were afraid of getting mixed up with other inhabitants of India. So, they made their own rules and regulations to prevent this mixture, so that Aryans could not marry others. Long afterwards, this system developed into Caste system.
āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āύিāĻāĻে āĻ āϤি āĻৌā§°ā§ąাāύ্āĻŦিāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻāύ āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻাāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻŽিāĻšāϞি āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāĻে, āĻāĻ āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖ ā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āύিāĻā§° āύিāĻā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽ-āύীāϤি āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°িāϞে, āϝাāϤে āĻā§°্āϝāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύāĻ āĻŦিāϝ়া āĻā§°াāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻŦāĻšুāĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒাāĻāϤ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻো āĻাāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻāĻļিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
7. Change from Direct to Indirect speech.
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒā§°োāĻ্āώ āĻাāώāĻŖāϞৈ āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°া।
a) The scout master said, “The boys should to put up their two tents”.
āϏ্āĻাāĻāĻ āĻŽাāώ্āĻā§°ে āĻ’āϞে, “āϞ’ā§°াāĻŦোā§°ে āύিāĻā§° āĻĻুāĻা āĻেāĻŖ্āĻ āϞāĻাāĻ āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻে”।
Answer:- The scout master asked the boys to put up their two tents.
āϏ্āĻাāĻāĻ āĻŽাāώ্āĻā§°ে āϞ’ā§°াāĻেāĻāĻাāĻ āϤāĻŽ্āĻŦু āĻĻুāĻা āϞāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ’āϞে।
b) The airhostess said to the passengers, “ Fasten your seat belts and straighten your seat.”
āĻāϝ়াā§°āĻš’āώ্āĻেāĻে āϝাāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻ’āϞে, “ āĻিāĻāĻŦেāϞ্āĻ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻāϏāύ āĻĒোāύ āĻā§°āĻ।”
Answer:- The airhostess appealed to passengers to fasten their seat belts and straighten their seat.
āĻāϝ়াā§°āĻšোāώ্āĻেāĻে āϝাāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻিāĻāĻŦেāϞ্āĻ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻāϏāύ āĻĒোāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύ āĻāύাāϝ়।
c) The geography teacher said, “ The Anders Range is in South America.”
āĻূāĻোāϞ⧰ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻāύে āĻ’āϞে, “ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°āĻ ā§°েāĻ্āĻ āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻŽেā§°িāĻাāϤ āĻāĻে।”
Answer:- The geography teacher said that the Anders Range is in South America.
āĻূāĻোāϞ⧰ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻāύে āĻৈāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°āĻ ā§°েāĻ্āĻ āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻŽেā§°িāĻাāϤ āĻāĻে।
d) Rina assured me, “I will never divulge my secret.”
ā§°িāύাāĻ āĻŽোāĻ āĻāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻĻিāϞে, “āĻŽāĻ āĻŽোā§° āĻোāĻĒāύ āĻāĻĨা āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āύāĻā§°ো।”
Answer:- Rina assured me that she would never divulge her secret.
ā§°িāύাāĻ āĻŽোāĻ āĻāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻĻিāϞে āϝে āϤাāĻ āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āύিāĻā§° āĻোāĻĒāύ āĻāĻĨা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āύāĻā§°ে।
e) “All the food is cooked in the house”, said Mrs. Bora.
“āϏāĻāϞো āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ āĻā§°āϤে ā§°āύ্āϧা āĻšāϝ়”, āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāϤী āĻŦā§°াāĻ āĻ’āϞে।
Answer:- Mrs. Bora claimed that all the food was cooked in the house.
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāϤী āĻŦā§°াāĻ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āϏāĻāϞো āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ āĻā§°āϤে ā§°āύ্āϧা āĻšৈāĻে।
Assamese Translate : Himashree Bora.
Check by - Mukesh Borah