Chapter 8

Friends 


1. Answer the following questions:

a) Who are the poet's friends?

Ans: The poet's friends are the Sky, the Sunshine, the Wind, and other gentle elements of nature.

b) What is the Sky like?

Ans: The Sky is like a kind big smile bent sweetly over the poet.

c) What does the Sunshine do?

Ans: The Sunshine flickers through the leaves and kisses the poet upon the face like a mother before bed.

d) What does the Wind whisper?

Ans: The Wind whispers pretty things to the poet.

e) Whose careful wings does the poet feel?

Ans: The poet feels the careful wings of the Wind.

f) Why should a child never feel a fear?

Ans: A child should never feel a fear because there are so many gentle friends around, even if we can scarcely see them.

g) Can you consider the sky, the sunshine and the wind as your friends? Why?

Ans: Yes, I can consider the sky, the sunshine and the wind as my friends because they are always around us, make us feel happy and safe, and show care in their own way.

2. Write the rhyming words from the poem for the ones given below:

while – smile

tree – me

lace – face

head – bed

grass – pass

things – wings

near – fear

see – be

3. Read the following explanations of the four stanzas of the poem given below. Identify and write the stanza number next to each explanation:

Explanation: The Wind comes secretly and whispers pretty things. The poet cannot see the Wind, but feels the careful touch.
Ans: Stanza 3

Explanation: The poet says that there are many gentle Friends around us. One can hardly see them. The poet asks the child not to be afraid because wherever the child might be, his Gentle friends will be around.
Ans: Stanza 4

Explanation: The Sunshine passes through the leaves and falls upon the poet's face. The poet compares the falling of sunshine upon the face with mother kissing a child before bed.
Ans: Stanza 2

Explanation: The poet lies under a tree and looks at the Sky through it. The Sky is like a kind big smile, bent sweetly over the poet.
Ans: Stanza 1

4. Use the ideas written in the cards to tell the summary of the poem to the class:

Ans: In the poem "Friends", a child is lying on the ground and looking through the trees. The sky above appears like a kind big smile bent sweetly over him. The sunlight flickers through the lace of leaves and kisses the child’s face like a mother. The wind comes stealing quietly to whisper pretty things. Although these gentle friends—the sky, the sunshine, and the wind—are invisible, the child feels their careful wings. These calm and kind presences around the child make him feel safe, with no fear.

5. Write what the word 'friend' means to you:
Friend:
Ans: A friend is someone who cares for you, helps you, supports you, and brings happiness into your life. A true friend stands by you in every situation and never lets you feel alone.

Now, write who your friends are:
Ans: My friends are [You can write the names of your real friends here. For example:] Riya, Abinash, Dipika, and Arnav. They are kind, helpful, and always support me.

6. a) Read the following lines from the poem:
"The Sky is like a kind big smile
Bent sweetly over me."

Ans: Here, the poet uses a simile, a literary device, to compare the Sky with a kind big smile using the word "like". This makes the image more vivid and gentle, expressing how comforting the sky feels to the poet.

Find the other simile in the poem and write it down:
Ans:
The other simile in the poem is:
"And kisses me upon the face Like Mother, before bed."

7. Activities of the Sky, the Sunshine, and the Wind that resemble human actions:

The Sky The Sunshine The Wind
Is like a kind big smile Flickers through the lace of leaves Comes stealing over the grass
Bent sweetly over the poet Kisses the poet upon the face Whispers pretty things

The poet uses personification by giving the Sky, Sunshine, and Wind human qualities such as smiling, kissing, and whispering, making them seem like gentle friends.

  1. Add words to "rain" to make new words:
    Ans:
    rainbow
    raincoat
    rainfall
    rains

  1. Make as many words as possible from the letters in the grid (without repeating letters). One is done for you:
    FUN

Other possible words:
RUN
FUR

10.b) Rewrite the sentences with adjectives in the correct order:

I met a kind old tall man.
He bought me a beautiful round red plastic ball.
He also bought me a heavy wooden bat.

11. Fill in the blanks with adjectives from the box to complete the sentences:

cotton, white, beautiful, young, cute, tiny

i. I saw a beautiful young girl.
ii. She was wearing a white cotton frock.
iii. She had a cute tiny bag.

12. Let's practise some grammar:

a) Write 'adj.' for adjective and 'adv.' for adverb:

kind – adj.
sweetly – adv.
pretty – adj.
careful – adj.
gentle – adj.
scarcely – adv.

b) Change the adjectives into adverbs and adverbs into adjectives:

kind → kindly
sweetly → sweet
pretty → prettily
careful → carefully
gentle → gently
scarcely → scarce

13. Choose the correct verbs to show future actions and fill in the blanks:

a) The poet will look up through the tree.
Ans: will look up

b) The Wind will come secretly.
Ans: will come

c) The Sunshine will flicker through the lace of leaves.
Ans: will flicker

14. Let's practise pronunciation:

Put a tick (✔) on the words that end with the 'z' sound as in 'zoo':
paralympics
tremors
physics
lights
smiles
voyages
sports
cliffs
shocks

Words with 'z' sound:
tremors, smiles, voyages

15. In which Board would you like to write something about you?
Ans:
I would like to write on Board 1 because I always try to be a good friend.
I listen to my friend when he or she wants to share something, and I help them whenever they need it. I want my friends to be happy and feel supported.

16. Write a few sentences about one of your friends:
Ans:
My best friend’s name is Riya. She is kind and helpful. We study together and play games in the evening. Riya always helps me with homework, and we share our lunch. On my birthday, she gave me a handmade card. We always celebrate our birthdays and have a lot of fun together.

17. Think of a problem that you have faced. Discuss with your friend and share with the class how that problem might be solved.

Ans:  Once I was feeling very nervous before speaking on stage during school assembly. I shared this problem with my friend Rahul. He told me to practice in front of him every day. After practising together for a week, I became more confident and spoke well on stage. So, discussing with a friend really helped me solve the problem.

18. What will you do if your friend/friends ask/asks you to do something that you consider is not appropriate?

Ans: If my friend asks me to do something wrong or inappropriate, I will politely say "No" and explain why I don’t think it is right. I will also try to make them understand the right thing to do.

19. Say 'No' – Add two more situations when you will say 'No'.

Ans: I will say 'No':

– when someone touches me in a way that makes me feel uncomfortable.

– when someone asks me to accompany or meet them alone in an isolated place.

More situations:

– when someone offers me a gift or treat in exchange for a secret.

– when someone tells me to lie to my parents or teachers.

20. Tell a story of friendship to the class.

Ans: Once there were two friends, Arup and Bikash, who lived in a village. One day they were walking through a forest. Suddenly, a bear appeared. Arup quickly climbed a tree to save himself, but Bikash didn’t know how to climb. He lay on the ground and held his breath, pretending to be dead. The bear came close, sniffed him, and left. After the bear left, Arup came down and asked, “What did the bear whisper in your ear?” Bikash replied, “It told me not to trust a friend who leaves you in danger.”

Moral: A true friend never leaves you alone in trouble.

21. Now, prepare a greeting card for your friend's birthday and write a birthday wish:

Greeting Card:

Dear Rima,

🎉 HAPPY BIRTHDAY! 🎂

Wishing you a day filled with joy, laughter and lots of love. May all your dreams come true and may your year ahead be as wonderful as you are.

With love,

Tina


22. Your friend has invited you to the birthday party to be celebrated at his/her house. As you have never been to your friend's house, you are going to ask your friend for directions.

Dialogue:

Me: Hi Rima, I’m so happy you invited me to your birthday party. But I’ve never been to your house. Can you please tell me how to get there?

Rima: Sure! From the school gate, go straight on till you reach the traffic lights.

Then, take the first left. Go past the bakery. My house is next to the grocery shop and opposite the park.

Me: Thank you! I will reach on time.



old

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I Love my Country

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Activities

a) Let's check our understanding:

āĻ•) āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦুāϜি āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰া āϝাāĻ“āĻ•:

(a) Bhogeswari Phukanani was a 

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύী  āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী-

(i) freedom fighter 

āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী 

(ii) martyr

āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ

(iii) freedom fighter and martyr 

āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφ⧰ু āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ

(iv) volunteer

āϏ⧟āύāĻļেā§ąāĻ•

Ans: (iii) freedom fighter and martyr  ( āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφ⧰ু āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ )

(b) Bhogeswari Phukanani lived a peaceful life till the age of -

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύী ⧟ে āĻļাāύ্āϤি āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ• āĻāϟা āϜীā§ąāύ āĻ•āϤাā§ą āĻĒাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ - 

(i) Sixty

ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϞৈāĻ•ে 

(ii) fifty

ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϞৈāĻ•ে

(iii) sixteen

ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϞৈāĻ•ে

(iv) sixty one

ā§Ŧā§§ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϞৈāĻ•ে

Ans: sixty one  ( ā§Ŧā§§ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϞৈāĻ•ে )

(c) The Quit India Movement started under the leadership of -

āĻ­াā§°āϤ āϤ্āϝাāĻ—  āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻ•াā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ -

(i) Bhogeswari Phukanani

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āύāύী

(ii) Mahatma Gandhi 

āĻŽāĻšাāϤ্āĻŽা  āĻ—াāύ্āϧী 

(iii) Volunteers of Barhampur 

āĻŦā§°্āĻšāĻŽāĻĒুā§°ā§° āϏ⧟āύāĻļেā§ąāĻ• 

(iv) Pratap Chandra Sharma 

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤাāĻĒ āϚāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻļā§°্āĻŽা 

Ans: (ii) Mahatma Gandhi  ( āĻŽāĻšাāϤ্āĻŽা  āĻ—াāύ্āϧী )

(d) Bhogeswari Phukanani died on -

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύীā§° āĻ•েāϤি⧟া āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšā§Ÿ-

(i) September 20,1943

āϚেāĻĒ্āϤেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° ā§¨ā§Ļ,⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Š

(ii) September 18,1942

āϚেāĻĒ্āϤেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° ā§§ā§Ž,⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍

(iii) September 16,1942

āϚেāĻĒ্āϤেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° ā§§ā§Ŧ,⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍

(iv) September 20, 1942

āϚেāĻĒ্āϤেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° ⧍ā§Ļ,⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍ 

Ans:(iv) September 20, 1942  ( āϚেāĻĒ্āϤেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° ⧍ā§Ļ,⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍ )

2. Rearrange the following sentences about the lesson in the proper sequence taking the help of information form the lesson .

āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻŦাā§°্āϤাā§° āϏāĻšা⧟āϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ  āĻŦোā§° āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āϏāϜা⧟ āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϞিāĻ–াঃ

a) Bhogeswari Phukanani inspired many people to join the protest rally at Barhampur.

āĻ•) āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•াāύাāύীāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻšু āϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āϕ⧰ি āĻŦāĻĸ়āĻŽāĻĒুā§°āϤ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻী āϏāĻŽāĻĻāϞāϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে।

b) When he recovered , he shot her with his pistol from a close range and she died .

āĻ– ) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšৈ āωāĻ ে āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤাāχāĻ• āĻ“āϚ⧰⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒিāώ্āϟāϞেā§°ে āĻ—ুāϞীāϝ়াāχ āĻšāϤ্āϝা āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ় ৷

c) She soon became the leader of the women's wing of the movement in Barhampur .

āĻ—) āĻ…āϤি āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞেāχ āϤাāχ āĻŦেā§°āĻšাāĻŽāĻĒুā§°āϤ āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻļাāĻ–াā§° āύেāϤ্ā§°ী āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে ৷

d) When thousands joined the Quit India Movement in 1942,Bhogeswari Phukanani could not remain idle.

āϘ) ⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍ āϚāύāϤ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšাāϜাā§° āĻšাāϜাā§° āϞোāĻ• āĻ­াā§°āϤ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ,āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•াāύāύী āĻ…āϚāϞ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ।

e) Bhogeswari Phukanani started beating the officer with the pole of her flag .

āĻ™) āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•াāύাāύীāϝ়ে āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒāϤাāĻ•াā§° āĻ–ুঁāϟাā§°ে āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে ৷

f)  Bhogeswari Phukanani was leading a peaceful family life with six sons and two daughters.

āϚ) āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•াāύীāϝ়ে āĻ›āϝ়āϜāύ āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĻুāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻ•āύ্āϝা āϞৈ āĻļাāύ্āϤিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦাā§°িāĻ• āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›িāϞ।

g) At the rally, a British officer tried to take away the flag from Ratnamala forcefully. 

āĻ›) ā§°েāϞীāϤ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ› āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāχ āĻŦāϞāĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে ā§°āϤ্āύāĻŽাāϞাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāϤাāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻĸ়ি āύিāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

Ans:  Bhogeswari Phukanani was leading a peaceful family life with six sons and two daughters.

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āύāύী⧟ে ā§ŦāϜāύ āĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āφ⧰ু ⧍ āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϜী⧟⧰ীā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻļাāύ্āϤি āĻĒুā§°্āĻŦāĻ• āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞেā§°ে āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›িāϞ ।

When thousands joined the Quit India movement in 1942 ,  Bhogeswari Phukanani could not remain idle.

āϝেāϤি⧟া 1942 āϚāύāϤ āĻšাāϜাā§° āϜāύে āĻ­াā§°āϤ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ , āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύী āĻĒাāĻ› āĻĒā§°ি āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞে । 

 She soon became the leader of the women's wing of the movement in Barhampur .

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏোāĻŖāĻ•াāϞেāχ āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āύাā§°ীā§° āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āύেāϤা āĻš'āϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻšāĻŽāĻĒুā§°āϤ । 

 Bhogeswari Phukanani inspired many people to join the protest rally at Barhampur .

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύী⧟ে āĻŦāĻšু āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ•ে āĻŦā§°্āĻšāĻŽāĻĒুā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ ā§°েāϞিāϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āϜāĻ—াāϞে । 

At the rally , a British officer tried to take away the flag from Ratnamala forcefully . 

ā§°েāϞিāϤ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ› āϚাāĻšাāĻŦে ā§°āϤ্āύāĻŽাāϞাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āĻ–āύ āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āĻ–āύ āϜুā§° āϜāĻŦā§° āϤাāύি āύি⧟াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϚেāώ্āϟা āϚāϞাāϞে । 

 Bhogeswari Phukanani started beating the officer with the pole of her flag. 

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āύāύী⧟ে āϚাāĻšাāĻŦ āϜāύāĻ• āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āĻ–āύ⧰ āϞাāĻ–ুāϤি āĻĄাāϞ⧰ে āĻŽাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে । 

When he recovered , he shot her with his pistol from a close range and she died . 

āϝেāϤি⧟া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻš'āϞ , āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāĻ›েāχ āĻ•াāώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• (āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āύāύীāĻ• ) āĻĒিāώ্āϟāϞ⧰ে āĻ—ুāϞী⧟াāχ āĻĻিāϞে āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻš'āϞ । 

3. (a) Here are the meanings of some new words you read in the lesson:

āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻ  āϟোāϤ āĻĒāĻĸ়া āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āύāϤুāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĻি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›েঃ 

martyr: one who dies or suffers greatly for great cause

āĻŽাā§°্āϤা⧟াā§° ঃ āϝি āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāĻ• āφāĻ•োāĻŦাāϞী āϞ⧟ āύাāχāĻŦা āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āĻŽিā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻĒীāĻĄ়া āĻ­োāĻ—ে ।

rally: a large public meeting

ā§°েāϞিঃ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āϏāĻ­া  

disperse: to move apart and go away in different directions 

āĻĻিāϚ্āĻĒাā§°্āϚঃ āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻšোā§ąা āφ⧰ু āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻĒāĻĨেā§°ে āϝোā§ąা 

(b) Fill in blanks to check your understanding:

āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜিāϞো āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχ āĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻ—āĻŽ āϞোā§ąাঃ  

(i) A   rally was organised in protest against British rule.

āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ› āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻŦিā§°োāϧে āĻāĻ–āύ ā§°েāϞিā§° āĻ†ā§ŸোāϜāύে āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ ।  

(ii) The police  dispersed the crowd.

āĻĒুāϞিāĻ›ে āĻ­ীā§° āϟোāĻ• āφāϤ⧰াāχ āĻĻিāϞে । 

(iii) Bhogeswari Phukanani was a freedom fighter and she died a  martyr's  death.

āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύী āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ āĻš'āϞ । 

4. Now look at the dictionary to find out the meanings of the following words. write them in the space given: 

āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻি⧟া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ dictionaryāϤ āϚাāχ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχ āĻ–িāύিāϤ āϞিāĻ–া :

Ban: Officially or legally prohibit something 

āĻŦেāύঃ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ীāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦা āφāχāύ āĻ—āϤ āĻ­াā§ąে āĻāϟা āĻŦāĻšু āύিāώেāϧ āϕ⧰া 

Calm: not showing strong emotions 

āĻ•াāĻŽঃ āĻŽāϜāĻŦুāϤ āĻ­াā§ąāύা āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āύেāĻĻেāĻ–োā§ąা .

Lap: the flat area between the waist and knees of a seated person .

āϞেāĻĒঃ āĻ•āĻ•াāϞ āφ⧰ু āφঁāĻ ুā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻ াāχ āĻ–িāύি āĻāϜāύ āĻŦāĻšি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° । 

Unconscious: Not aware

āφāύāĻ•āύāĻ›ি⧟াāĻ›ঃ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ—āϤ āύোāĻšোā§ąা 

5. Look at the pictures . They are all freedom fighters . Can you match their with the pictures ? Now say a few sentences about a freedom fighter that you Know:

āĻ›āĻŦিāĻŦোā§° āϚোā§ąা। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻ•āϞো āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী। āϤুāĻŽি āĻ›āĻŦিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻŽিāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে? āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤুāĻŽি āϜāύা āĻāϜāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽীā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•েāχāϟাāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϞিāĻ–া।

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
                         

Kanaklata Barua

Sarojini Naidu

                                             
 Kushal Konwar
                                         


 Bhagat Singh 

Ans:- Kushal Konwar was an Indian Assamese freedom fingter who was hanged by British. He was born on march 21st, 1905, in Jorhat. During the QUit Indian Movement konwar was charged at consperacy and  train subotage by British and hanged. Kushal Konwar  was a brave son of soil of Assam.

āĻ•ুāĻļāϞ āĻ•োঁā§ąā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝাāĻ• āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ›ে āĻĢাঁāϚী āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ। ⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ģ āϚāύ⧰ ⧍⧧ āĻŽাā§°্āϚāϤ āϝোā§°āĻšাāϟāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ­াā§°āϤ āϤ্⧟াāĻ— āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§ŸāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু ā§°েāϞ āĻŦāĻ—ā§°োā§ąাā§° āĻ…āĻĒā§°াāϧāϤ  āχংā§°াāϜে āĻĢাঁāϚী āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•ুāĻļāϞ āĻ•োঁā§ąā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻāϜāύ āϏাāĻšāϏী āϏāύ্āϤাāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

6. Listen to your teacher read and tell you more about our freedom fighters. As you listen , fill in the blanks in the sentences: Complete the following sentences by noting the correct words as you listen:

āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĸ়া āφ⧰ু āĻ•োā§ąা āφāĻŽাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻļুāύা । āĻļুāύাā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া । 

(a) Kanaklata Barua was an Indian freedom fighter form  Assam  .

āĻ•āύāĻ•āϞāϤা āĻŦā§°ুā§ąা āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° । 

(b) The Quit India Movement started in 19 42  .

āĻ­াā§°āϤ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ ⧧⧝ ā§Ē⧍ āϚāύāϤ ।

(c) Kushal Konwar was a freedom fighter.

āĻ•ুāĻļāϞ āĻ•োঁā§ąā§° āĻāϜāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφāĻ›িāϞ

(d) Mohandas Karamchand Ganddhi is better known as Bapu  .

āĻŽোāĻšāύāĻĻাāϏ āϕ⧰āĻŽāϚāύ্āĻĻ āĻ—াāύ্āϧী⧟ āĻŦাāĻĒু āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āϜāύা āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ ।

(e) Bhagat Singh is often referred to as Shahid  Bhagat Singh .

āĻ­āĻ—āϤ āϏিং āĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°া⧟ āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ āĻ­āĻ—āϤ āϏিং ā§°ূāĻĒে āϜāύা āϝা⧟ ।

(f) Sarojini naidu was a nationalist and freedom fighter .     

āϏ⧰োāϜিāύী āύাāχāĻĄু āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϜাāϤী⧟āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻী āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āφāĻ›িāϞ ।

7. Let's read to know some interesting events of Gandhiji's life .

āĻ—াāύ্āϧীā§° āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ ā§°োāĻŽাāĻž্āϚāĻ• āϘāϟāύা āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒāĻĸ়ো āφāĻšাঃ 

O Gandhiji went to South Africa to practise law. But soon he found his practice disgusting. He then decided to work for the common people. He led a very simple life. He used to wash his own clothes and do other household chores with his wife, Kasturba. They washed dishes and even cleaned their own toilets themselves. Many Indian and European guests used to come to their house. The new guests did not know about their system and so sometimes Kasturba had to clean toilets for their guests. One day she said, "Why should I clean the toilets of others? I hate doing it." "Are you sure you won't do it? I'll do it then," said Gandhi. Tears rolled down from Kasturba's eyes. She realized her fault. 

āĻ—াāύ্āϧীāϜি āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻ…āĻĢ্ā§°ীāĻ•া āϞৈ āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ । āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞেāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϟোāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞ'āϞে । āϤাā§°āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াā§° āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϞ'āϞে । āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϟা āϏ⧰āϞ āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ•াāĻĒোā§° āĻ•াāύি āύিāϜেāχ āϧুāχāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒāϤ্āύী āĻ•āϏ্āϤুā§°ā§ąাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āφāύ āφāύ āϘ⧰⧰ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĻিāĻ› āĻŦোā§° āϧুāχāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āύিāϜ⧰ āĻļৈāϚাāϞ⧟ āĻ“ āύিāϜেāχ āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । āĻŦāĻšু āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āφ⧰ু āχāω⧰āĻĒি⧟াāύ āφāϞāĻšী āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϘ⧰āϞৈ āφāĻšে । āύāϤুāύ āφāϞāĻšী⧟ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϘ⧰⧰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϟোā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āϏ্āϤুā§°ā§ąাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āφāϞāĻšীā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻļৌāϚাāϞ⧟ āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞāĻ—া āĻšā§Ÿ । āĻāĻĻিāύ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•'āϞে ''āĻŽāχ āĻ•ি⧟ āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāĻ āĻļৌāϚাāϞ⧟ āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰িāĻŽ ?''āĻŽāχ āĻāχāϟো āϕ⧰ি āĻŦে⧟া āĻĒাāĻ“ঁ । ''āϤুāĻŽি āϏāϟাāχ āĻ•ৈāĻ›া āύে āϤুāĻŽি āĻি⧟া āύāϕ⧰া ? āĻŽāχ āϕ⧰িāĻŽ āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে '',āĻ—াāύ্āϧী⧟ে āĻ•'āϞে । āĻ•āϏ্āϤুā§°ā§ąাā§° āϚāĻ•ু⧟েāĻĻি āϚāĻ•āϞো āĻŦāχ āĻ—'āϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ­ূāϞ⧰ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāϞে । 

Gandhiji always wanted to do something good. Once a leper came to his door. He offered him shelter, dressed his wounds, and began to look after him. Later on, he sent him to a hospital. Gandhiji used to work a few hours in a hospital daily. It brought him to a close touch with the suffering Indians. Most of them were labourer. This experience inspired Gandhji to work for the common people in India. 

āĻ—াāύ্āϧীāϜী⧟ে āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟা āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ । āĻāĻŦাā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ•ুāώ্āϟ⧰ুāĻ—ী āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϘ⧰āϞৈ āφāĻšিāϞ । āϤেāĻ“ঁ ( āĻ—াāύ্āϧী⧟ে) āĻŽাāύুāĻš āϜāύāĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ াāχ āĻĻিāϞে , āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ—া āĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻŽāϞāĻŽ āϞāĻ—াāϞে āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϚোā§ąা āϚিāϤা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞāϞে । āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ , āĻ—াāύ্āϧী⧟ে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻšাāϏ্āĻĒāϤাāϞāϞৈ āĻĒāĻšি⧟াāϞে । āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻāĻ• āϘāύ্āϟা āĻšাāϏ্āĻĒāϤাāϞāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে । āĻ‡ā§Ÿে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻĒীāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŽী⧟া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āϞৈ āφāύিāϞে । āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļ āĻŽāϜāĻĻুেā§° āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāχ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϟোā§ąে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŽ āĻŽাāύুāĻš ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖāφ āϜāĻ—াāϞে । 

Work in groups and try to collect information of other freedom fighters . Share the interesting events or incidents with other groups.

āĻ—োāϟāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰āĻ• ৷ āφāĻŽোāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻŦা āϘāϟāύাāĻŦোā§° āφāύ āĻ—োāϟ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻļ্āĻŦেāϝ়াā§° āϕ⧰āĻ•।

8. (a) Some of the words in the passage are missing . Read the passage carefully and complete it with suitable words from the box:  

ā§Ž) (āĻ•) āĻ…ংāĻļāϟোā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে ৷ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟো āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāĻ•āϚ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

freedom, brave, love, won, pride, work, rule, sacrificed

āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা, āϏাāĻšāϏী, āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽ, āϜāϝ়ী, āĻ…āĻšংāĻ•াā§°, āĻ•াāĻŽ, āĻļাāϏāύ, āϤ্āϝাāĻ—

 Once India was under the rule  of the British. Many brave men and women fought for its freedom  . Some of them even sacrificed their lives. They did this out of their love for the country. The freedom of our country was won after a lot of hard work and sacrifice. We should take pride in their sacrifice. Freedom is precious. 

āĻāĻŦাā§° āĻ­াā§°āϤ āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟ্ā§°āϚ āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ । āĻŦāĻšু āĻŦীā§° āĻĒুā§°ুāώ āφ⧰ু āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāχ āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰িāϞে । āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāĻšু āϜāύে āφāύāĻ•ি āύিāϜ⧰ āϜীā§ąāύ āĻ“ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āϕ⧰িāϞে । āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ­াāϞāĻĒোā§ąাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻāχāĻ–িāύি āϕ⧰িāϞে । āφāĻŽā§° āĻĻেāĻļā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻ•āώ্āϟ āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϞিāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে ।āφāĻŽি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāϞিāĻĻাāύ ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—ā§°্āĻŦ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ।  

(b) Now, think and write how you can show your love for your country: 

āĻāϤি⧟া āĻ­াāĻŦা āφ⧰ু āϞিāĻ–া āϝে āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ–āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ­াāϞāĻĒোā§ąা āĻĻেāĻ–াā§ą āĻĒাā§°িā§ąা ঃ 

Ans: (i) Frist, we should respect our country. 

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽে, āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ । 

(ii) We should respect our fighters who protects us from other country. 

āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āϝুāĻĻ্āϧা āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āϝি⧟ে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻŦোā§° āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°া āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώীāϤ āϕ⧰ে । 

(iii) We should stay nicely with our country people. 

āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĻেāώ⧰ āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻŦোā§°ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(iv) We should not do such thing which can harm our nation. 

āφāĻŽি āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻāĻ•ো āĻ•াāĻŽেāχ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে āϝাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϤি āĻšā§Ÿ । 

(v) We should learn from our past freedom fighters.

āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āφāĻ—ā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

10. Let's practise some grammar.

āφāĻšা āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŦ্⧟াāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āϕ⧰োঁ । 

Work in groups. Read the lesson quickly once more and find words that describe Bhogeswari Phukanani, such as `freedom fighter' and `noble'. Then put all the words in the columns below. One has been done for you.

āĻ—্ā§°ুāĻĒ āĻŦāύোā§ąা । āĻĒাāĻ āϟি āφāĻ•ৌ āĻāĻŦাā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়া āφ⧰ু āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āĻŖāύীāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤাāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাāϚি āωāϞিāĻ“ā§ąা āϝেāύে 'āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী 'āφ⧰ু āĻŽāĻšাāύ । āϤাā§°āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•āϞāĻŽ āϟোāϤ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻŦāĻšুā§ąা । āĻāϟা āϤāϞāϤ āϕ⧰ি āĻĻি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›েঃ

Nouns ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ )

Adjectives ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )

Verbs ( āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻĒāĻĻ )

Freedom fighter 

( āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽী )

Martyr ( āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ )

Freedom ( āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা )

British officer(āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ› āĻŦিāώāϝ়া)

Noble ( āύোāĻŦেāϞ )

Peaceful ( āĻļাāύ্āϤিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ )

Eagerly ( āφāĻ—্ā§°āĻšেā§°ে )

disperse ( āĻŦিāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰া )

Fought ( āĻ•াāϜি⧟া āϞাāĻ—িāĻ›িāϞ)

Living ( āϜী⧟াāχ āĻĨāĻ•া )

Inspiring ( āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖাāĻĻাāϝ়āĻ• )

Gather ( āĻ—োāϟোā§ąা )

 11. What do you learn from Activity 10? Word classes like nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs are words that carry the meaning of a sentence. Word classes like prepositions, articles or conjunctions support the words that carry meaning. Now let us look at a few more adjectives. Let us look at the uses of few and little in these sentences: 

āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻ­িāϟি 10ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•ি āĻļিāĻ•িāϞা ? āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ•্āϞাāϚ āϝেāύে āύাāĻ“ঁāύ , āĻāĻĻāϜেāĻ•āϟিāĻ­ āĻ­াā§°্āĻŦ āφ⧰ু āĻāĻĻāĻ­াā§°্āĻŦ āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϝি⧟ে āĻāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে । āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ•্āϞাāĻ›āĻŦোā§° āϝেāύে āĻĒ্ā§°িāĻĒ'āϜিāϚāύ , āφāϤিāĻ•āϞ āĻŦা āĻ•āύāϜাংāϚāύ āϏেāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤাā§° āϏাā§°āĻĨী āĻšā§Ÿ āϝি āĻ•েāχāϤাāĻŽাāύ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে । āĻāϤি⧟া āφāĻšা āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāχāϤাāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻĻāϜেāĻ•āϟিāĻ­ā§° āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϚাāĻ“ঁ । Few āφ⧰ু little āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšā§Ÿ āϚাāĻ“ঁঃ

(a) We use few before a countable noun to mean there is hardly any number of something and little to mean there is hardly any amount of something. 

āφāĻŽি  few āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ো countable noun (āĻ—āύāύী⧟ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা) ā§° āφāĻ—āϤ āĻāχāϤো āĻŦুāϜাā§ąāϞৈ āϝে āϤাāϤ āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§°ে(āĻŽাāύে āύাāχ āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦāϞৈ) āĻšে āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু little āĻāχāϟো āĻŦুāϜাāχ āϝে āϤাāϤ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāύে (āĻŽাāύে āύাāĻ‡ā§Ÿে) āĻšে āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে । 

(i) There are few girls in the class. 

āĻ•্āϞাāĻ› āϟোāϤ āĻ…āϞāĻĒāĻŽাāĻŽ āĻšে āĻ›োā§ąাāϞী āφāĻ›ে ।

(ii) I have little time to spare as I am very busy.

āĻŽোā§° āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻšে āφāĻ›ে āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻ•্āώāϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ•ি⧟āύো āĻŽāχ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤ । 

 (b) We use a few to mean a small number of something and a little to mean a small amount of something.

āφāĻŽি a few āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰োঁ āĻāχāϟো āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦāϞৈ āϝে āĻāϟা āϏ⧰ু āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু a little āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰োঁ āĻāχāϟো āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦāϞৈ āϝে āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে । 

 (i) There are a few books on the table. 

āϤেāĻŦুāϞ āĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒ āφāĻ›ে ।

(ii) There is a little milk in the cup, you can take it.

āĻ•াāĻĒ āϟোāϤ āĻ…āϞāĻĒāĻŽাāύ āĻ—াāĻ–ীā§° āφāĻ›ে , āϤুāĻŽি āϞ'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ো ।

 (c) We use the few to refer to whatever number of something is there and the little to refer to whatever amount of something is there. 

āφāĻŽি the few āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ো āϝ'āϤ āϝিāĻŽাāύ āϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āĻš'āϞেāĻ“ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে āĻŦুāϜাāχ āφ⧰ু the little āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰োঁ āϝ'āϤ āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻš'āϞেāĻ“ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφāĻ›ে āĻŦুāϜাāχ ।

(i) I rely on the few friends I have. 

āĻŽāχ āĻŽোā§° āϝি āĻ•েāχāϜāύ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āφāĻ›ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­ā§°āώা āϕ⧰োঁ । 

(ii) The little water in the bucket is muddy. sm. 

āĻŦাāϞ্āϟীāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻĒাāύী āϞেāϤেā§°া ।

Fill in the blanks with few, a few, the few, little, a little or the little:

āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχ āĻĒূā§° āϕ⧰া āĻāχāĻ•েāχāϤা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি ঃ

 (i) There is a little milk in the pot; it should be enough for your cup of tea.

āĻĒাāϤ্ā§° āϟোāϤ āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŽাāύ āĻ—াāĻ–ীā§° āφāĻ›ে , āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻāĻ•াāĻĒ āϚাāĻšā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻāχāĻ–িāύি⧟েāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ । 

 (ii) I have little time for a cup of tea; I have to rush back to office. 

āĻŽোā§° āϚাāĻš āĻ•াāĻĒā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻšে āφāĻ›ে , āĻŽāχ āĻ…āϤি āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ›āϞা āϝাāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িā§ą ।

(iii) I bought a few books from the book fair. I wanted to buy more, but I did not have enough money. 

āĻŽāχ āĻŦুāĻ• āĻĢে⧟াā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒ āϞৈāĻ›ো . āφ⧰ু āĻŽোā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāύিāĻŦ āĻŽāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ . āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽোā§° āĻšাāϤāϤ āϏিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒāχāϚা āύাāĻ›িāϞ ।

(iv) The train stopped for a few minutes, so I managed to go out and buy a bottle of water.

ā§°েāϞ āĻ–āύ āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŽিāύিāϟ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে ā§°ৈ āĻ—'āϞ , āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽāχ āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞো āφ⧰ু āĻāĻ• āĻŦāϟāϞ āĻĒাāύী āĻ•িāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻš'āϞো ।

 (v) There were a few  boys in the room; it was mostly filled with girls. 

āĻ•োāĻ াāϞী āϟোāϤ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻšে āϞ'ā§°া āφāĻ›িāϞ । āϤাāϤ āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীā§°ে āĻ­ā§°ি āφāĻ›িāϞ  । 

12. Read the following paragraph.

āĻĒেā§°াāĻ—্ā§°াāĻĢ āϟো āĻĒāĻĸ়া ঃ

 When Bhogeswari Phukanani led the crowd of freedom fighters at the public rally, the people were carrying flags in their hands. The organizers had asked everyone to bring flags. Many volunteers brought some extra flags to the rally. 

āϝেāϤি⧟া āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•āύী⧟ে āϏাā§°্āĻŦāϜāύিāĻ• ā§°েāϞীāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽীā§° āĻ­ীāĻĄ় āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ , āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻŦোā§°ে āĻšাāϤāϤ āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āϤুāϞি  āϞৈāĻ›িāϞāϞ । āĻ†ā§ŸোāϜāĻ•ে āĻ•েāχāϜāύে āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āφāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ । āĻ•েāĻŦেāϜāύ āϏ⧟āύāϏেā§ąāĻ•ে ā§°েāϞী āϞৈ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…āϤিā§°িāĻ•্āϤ āĻĒāϤāĻ•া āφāύিāϞে । 

Talk to your friend and find out the colours of our National Flag. Do you know what the different colours of the national tricolour stand for? 

āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧুā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤা āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাā§° āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻĒāϤāĻ•াā§° āĻ•েāχāϤা ā§°ং āφāĻ›ে āωāϞিāĻ“ā§ąা āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāĻ•ে āϜাāύাāϞে āϝে āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻĒāϤāĻ•াā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ ā§°ং āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŽāĻšāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•ি ? 

 The top band is saffron in colour and stands for strength and courage. The white middle band with the Dharma Chakra indicates peace and truth. The last band is green in colour. It stands for fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land.

āĻļীā§°্āώ āĻŦেāύ্āĻĻ āĻ—েā§°ুā§ąা ā§°ং ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻšāϏ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ• । āϧ⧰্āĻŽ āϚāĻ•্ā§° ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ—া āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻŦেāύ্āĻĻāĻ āĻļাāύ্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāϤ্āϝāϤাā§° āχংāĻ—িāϤ āϕ⧰ে ।āĻļেāώ⧰ āĻŦেāύ্āĻĻ āĻĄাāϞ āϏেāωāϜী⧟া ā§°ংā§° । āχ āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āω⧰্āĻŦā§°āϤা । āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āφ⧰ু āĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖāĻŽā§Ÿ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ• । 

 Ask your elders and learn more about our National Flag.

āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦāϝ়োāϜ্āϝেāώ্āĻ āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏুāϧিāĻŦ āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাā§° āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϤাāĻ•াā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϜাāύāĻ•।

 13. Fun Time

ā§§ā§Š) āĻŽāϜাā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়

 • Use chart paper, colour pencils, glue and sticks and make your national flag. 

• āϚাā§°্āϟ āĻĒেāĻĒাā§°, ā§°āĻ™ীāύ āĻĒেāĻž্āϚিāϞ, āφāĻ া āφ⧰ু āϞাāĻ ি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āύিāϜ⧰ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϤাāĻ•া āĻŦāύাāĻ“āĻ•।

• Take out a class rally in your playground with one of you playing the role of Bhogeswari Phukanani. The rest can be the other freedom fighters who joined the rally. 

• āφāĻĒোāύাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻāϜāύে āĻ­োāĻ—েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°ী āĻĢুāĻ•াāύāύীā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ…āĻ­িāύāϝ় āϕ⧰ি āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ–েāϞāĻĒāĻĨাā§°āϤ āĻ•্āϞাāĻ› ā§°েāϞী āĻāĻ–āύ āωāϞিāϝ়াāχ āϞāĻ“āĻ•। āĻŦাāĻ•ী āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āφāύ āφāύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽীāϏāĻ•āϞ āϝিāϏāĻ•āϞ ā§°েāϞীāϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

14. Recite: 

ā§§ā§Ē) āφāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰া:

My Land 

(āĻŽোā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽি)

She is a rich and rare land:

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āφ⧰ু āĻĻুā§°্āϞāĻ­ āĻ­ূāĻŽি 

 Oh! she's a fresh and fair land;

āĻ…'āĻš! āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āϤাāϜা āφ⧰ু āωāϚিāϤ āĻ­ূāĻŽি 

 She is a dear and rare land 

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒ্ā§°ি⧟ āφ⧰ু āĻĻুā§°্āϞāĻ­ āĻ­ূāĻŽি

This native land of mine

āĻāχāĻ–āύ āĻŽোā§° āϜāύāĻŽāĻ­ূāĻŽি 

 No men than hers are braver

āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে āĻ•োāύো āĻĒুā§°ুāώ āĻŦীā§° āύāĻšā§Ÿ 

Her women's hearts ne'er waver; 

āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰āϤ āĻ–ং āφāĻ›ে

I'd freely die to save her 

āĻŽāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦāĻ›াāĻŦāϞৈ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύ āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŽā§°ি āϝাāĻŽ 

And think my lot divin 

āφ⧰ু āĻŽোā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŽāφāϤ্āĻŽাā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ­াā§ąিāĻŽ 


- Thomas Osborne Davis 

Mayuri Saikia

Check by - Mukesh Borah