Chapter 6

An Indomitable Spirit 


Let's find out how much we have understood:

  1. Put a tick (✔) on the correct option:

a) Anamika Pegu was encouraged to take up adaptive running by
Ans: iii) Ranen Patar

b) Anamika Pegu started running at
Ans: i) 12

c) India's first woman para-athlete to win a paralympic medal is
Ans: i) Deepa Malik

d) Anamika Pegu won
Ans: ii) the State Sports Award

2. Answer the following questions orally:

a) Who is Anamika Pegu?

Ans: Anamika Pegu is a para-athlete from Assam who has shown great determination and has won the State Sports Award.

b) How did Anamika Pegu overcome the challenges she faced?

Ans: She overcame challenges like lack of infrastructure and self-doubt by working hard, focusing on her strengths, and getting support from her coach and positive influences.

c) What is the typical training routine of Anamika Pegu?

Ans: She trains three times a week, practicing adaptive techniques for her needs, focusing on balance, stride, endurance, and running at least five kilometres in a session.

d) What message has Anamika Pegu conveyed to the youth of Assam?

Ans: She encourages the youth to believe in themselves, pursue their dreams, and chase their passion.

e) What is Anamika Pegu's ultimate goal?

Ans: Her ultimate goal is to represent India in international competitions.

3. Match the following:

Anamika Pegu — a para-athlete

Deepa Malik — a paralympic medal winner

Sunil Gogoi — a correspondent of a Sports Channel

Ranen Patar — a physical therapist

4. a) Write a few qualities of Anamika Pegu:

Ans Anamika Pegu is determined, hardworking, courageous, disciplined, positive, and passionate about sports. She is resilient and never lets her disability stop her from achieving her goals.

b) Now, write three sentences using any three words you have listed:
Ans: Anamika Pegu achieved a great feat by winning the State Sports Award.
She is a rising star in the field of para-athletics in Assam.
Her physical therapist encouraged her to take up adaptive running.

5. a) Read the following phrases with their meanings:
a great feat — something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, courage, etc.
a rising star — a person who rapidly gains fame in a particular field
a physical therapist — a person who is trained to help patients recover from injuries
time management — use of one's time effectively or productively

b) Now, fill in the blanks with the phrases you have just learned:
i. I want to become a rising star in athletics one day.
ii. The State Athletics Championship showcased many great feats by young athletes.
iii. Good time management helped him complete the task in time.

6. a) Complete the following sentence to get the message of Anamika Pegu regarding 'dream':

Ans: Anamika Pegu has told the youths of Assam to believe in themselves, set and pursue their dreams, and chase their passion.

6. b) Work in pairs and talk with each other. Find out what your friend dreams of and what he/she does to realize the dream.
(This is a speaking activity; please discuss with your friend.)

7. a) Discuss why sportspersons follow a rigorous training routine:

Ans: Sportspersons follow a rigorous training routine for the development of physical abilities needed for their sport. It helps in the prevention of injuries by strengthening their bodies and improving flexibility. Regular training also helps in maximizing their performance during competitions by building stamina, endurance, and technique.

8. Look at the pictures and choose the correct phrase:

  • For a picture of someone running or doing physical activity: exercising

  • For a picture of someone drinking water: drinking plenty of water

  • For a picture of vegetables: eating a variety of vegetables

  • For a picture of fruits: eating fruits regularly

  • For a picture of someone sleeping: getting enough sleep

Now, write some more activities that you do to keep yourself fit and healthy:

Some other activities to stay fit and healthy are:

  • Doing yoga or stretching exercises

  • Playing outdoor games like football or badminton

  • Avoiding junk food and eating nutritious meals

  • Taking regular breaks while studying or working

  • Keeping a positive mindset and managing stress

(9. a) Let’s first identify the cricket-related objects from the box:

Objects associated with cricket:
stumps, bat, helmet, ball, gloves

(b) Now, let’s complete the paragraph using the words: an umpire, a bowler, a batter, the wicket keeper.

Completed Paragraph:

Cricket is a popular outdoor game. It is played between two teams. Each team consists of eleven players and is led by a captain. It is played with a bat and a ball. When the game is played, one team bats and the other team fields. The person who bats is called a batter. The person who bowls is called a bowler. The wicket keeper is a key member of the fielding side. He/She is positioned behind the batter and keeps a close eye on the ball. There are umpires who see that the game is played by following the rules of the game. The team that scores more runs wins the match.

(10. a) Game: Football

Words related to Football:
– Goalpost
– Ball
– Goalkeeper
– Kicking
– Team
– Referee

Paragraph about Football:
Football is a very popular outdoor game played all over the world. It is played between two teams, and each team has eleven players. The main object of the game is to kick the ball into the opponent's goalpost. The team that scores more goals wins the match. A referee controls the game and ensures the rules are followed. Football helps in building teamwork, discipline, and physical fitness. It is an exciting game that people of all ages enjoy.

(11) Inventing a Game:

Name of the Game: Ball Relay Dash

How to Play:
Divide the players into two teams. Place a soft ball at the starting point. Each player must run to a cone placed 10 meters away, circle around it, and return to pass the ball to the next player in line. The team that completes all rounds first wins.

Rules:

Each team must have equal number of players.

Players must not drop the ball during the run.

If a player drops the ball, they must pick it up and continue from the same spot.

The game must be supervised by a referee for fair play.

Any form of cheating or pushing results in disqualification.

Play this game in your Games period and have fun with your classmates!

(12. a)
Suppose I choose to interview Mary Kom ✔

(12. b) Questions for Mary Kom:

i) What inspired you to become a boxer?
ii) How did you overcome the challenges in your journey?
iii) What does your daily training routine look like?
iv) What message would you like to give to the young athletes of India?
v) What are your future goals as a sportsperson?

13. Think and say:

In such a situation, I would first think about my long-term goals. If my aim is to become a sportsperson, attending the district level selection camp is more important because it gives me a chance to move ahead in my career. I will consider whether I can attend the ceremony at another time or be present for a part of it. I would also talk to my family and explain why the selection camp is important for my future.

14. a & b)

Words given:
encouraged, age, Pegu, again, stage, goal

Box A (g as in "go"):
Pegu
goal
again
go
give
glass

Box B (g as in "page"):
encouraged
age
stage
page
cage
huge

15. a) Grammar - Suffixes
Suffixes like -tion, -ment, -al, -ship are added to the end of a word to form a noun or change the meaning.

b) Fill the table with suitable words:

-tion-ment-al-ship
participation        improvement        national        friendship
celebration                 managementculturalleadership
correction     developmentpersonalpartnership

Now, make one sentence from each column:

-tion: The celebration of her victory was grand.
-ment: Time management is very important in student life.
-al: The school organized a cultural program last Friday.
-ship: Their strong friendship helped them face all difficulties together.

16. a) Riddle Answer:

The sport being referred to is Football.


b) Riddle about Cricket (Example):

Hit with a bat, the ball flies high,

Fielders chase under the sky.

Bowler runs and spins with might,

The stumps are guarded left and right.

Guess the game I play with glee,

This sport is very dear to me.

(Answer: Cricket)

17. Commentary-based Questions – Write ‘T’ for True, ‘F’ for False:

i) Navrang Club was batting. – T

ii) Eleven runs were needed in the last over. – T

iii) Manas was bowling the last over. – T

iv) Robin was clean bowled in the last ball. – F

v) Town Club won the match. – F

18. Project Work (Guidance):

Take a one-fourth chart paper. Paste pictures of four Indian sportspersons like:

Neeraj Chopra – Javelin thrower, Olympic Gold Medalist.

Mary Kom – Boxer, Olympic Bronze Medalist.

M.S. Dhoni – Former Indian Cricket Captain, World Cup Winner.

Avani Lekhara – Paralympic Gold Medalist in shooting.


old

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Pollution

    đŸ‘‰Text Book PDF
    đŸ‘‰Word Meaning
    đŸ‘‰MCQ Online Exam
    đŸ‘‰MCQ Answer 


Here is a puzzle for you. The word given below means something that makes us unwell . Can you rearrange the letters to get the correct word ? 

            A S E D I S E

Hint: The word starts with 'D': I S E A S E

āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ āĻāϟা āĻĒাāϜāϞ āĻĻি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›ে । āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻি⧟া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϟোā§ąে āĻāϟা āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦুāϜাāχ āϝিāϟোā§° āĻŽাāύে āĻš'āϞ āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰া । āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϟো āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϟোāĻ• āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰া । A S E D I S E 

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ  āϟোā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āφāĻ–ā§° āϟো D I S E A S E ( āĻŦেāĻŽাā§° ) 

What are the things that make us unwell ? Talk to your friend and write some of them here . One is done for you :

 Dirty water , polluted air , bad fumes, Loud noise's, harmful gases , climate changes etc. Most of things that cause diseases are a result of pollution.

what is pollution? Read the Iesson to find out more. 

āĻ•োāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§ąে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰ে ? āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻŦাāύ্āϧāĻŦীā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤি āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϞিāĻ–া । 

āĻāϟা āϕ⧰ি āĻĻি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›ে ঃ

āϞেāϤেā§°া āĻĒাāύী , āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻ—েāĻ› , āĻŦে⧟া āϧোঁā§ąা , āĻ…āϤি āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া, āĻšুāϞāϏ্āĻĨāϞ, āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āχāϤ্⧟াāĻĻি । 

ā§°োāĻ— āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻŦāϏ্āϤু⧟ে āĻš'āϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖā§° āĻĢāϞ।

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻ•ি? āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāĻ āϟো āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ•।

Can we live Without air? No, w cannot. we need air to breathe, and the air we breathe must be clean fresh. The ari mixed with dust and smoke is polluted air. When polluted air goes into ourr lungs, w can fall ill.

 āφāĻŽি āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ…āĻŦিāĻšāύে āϜীāϝ়াāχ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁāύে? āύাāχ āφāĻŽি āύোā§ąাā§°ো। āωāĻļাāĻš āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻŦাāϝ়ুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ, āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽি āωāĻļাāĻš āϞোā§ąা āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϏāϤেāϜ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āϧুāϞি āφ⧰ু āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāĻšāϞি āĻšৈ āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻŦাāϝ়ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻšাঁāĻ“āĻĢাঁāĻ“āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়,  āφāĻŽি āϤেāϤি⧟া  āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ। 

When you visit an Industrial area, do you see?  you see smoke coming out of chimney. The air becomes thick with  clouds of smoke. thfumes of cars, buses and trucks also fill air

āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ”āĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—িāĻ• āĻāϞেāĻ•া āĻāϟা āϞৈ āφāĻšে, āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›েāύে?  āφāĻĒুāύি āϚিāĻŽāύিā§° āĻĒā§°া āϧোঁā§ąা āĻ“āϞাāχ āĻ…āĻšা āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›ে। āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āĻĄাā§ąā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦāϤাāĻš āĻĄাāĻ  āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে। āĻ—াāĻĄ়ী, āĻŦাāĻ› āφ⧰ু āϟ্ā§°াāϕ⧰ āϧোঁā§ąাāχāĻ“ āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ­ā§°াāχ āϤোāϞে

Activities

1. Do you realise the importance of protecting the environment from pollution ? check how much you remember by answering the following questions: 

āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰া āύে āφāĻŽাā§° āϚৌāĻĻāĻļে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°া āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰ি ā§°āĻ–া āϟো āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ? āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻি āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻŽāύāϤ āφāĻ›ে āĻĒā§°িāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰া :

a. The air mixed with dust and smoke is polluted air. How does the air get polluted in  an industrial area ? 

āϧূāϞি āφ⧰ু āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŽিāĻšāϞি āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦা⧟ুā§ąে āĻš'āϞ āĻŦা⧟ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ । āĻ•āϞ- āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύাā§° āϚৌāĻĻিāĻļ āϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦা⧟ু āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ?  

Ans: In an industrial area . the smoke comes out of the chimneys. due to which the air becomes thick with clouds of smoke. and as a result the air get polluted . 

āĻ•āϞ-āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύাā§° āϚোāĻĻিāĻļāϤ , āϚিāĻŽāύিā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ“āϞোā§ąা āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āϜ⧰ি⧟āϤে āĻŦা⧟ুā§ąে āĻāϟা āĻĄাāĻ  āφāĻ•াā§° āϞৈ āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻĻāϞ⧰ āϏূāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦা⧟ু-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । 

(b) Why do we need clean and fresh air ?

āφāĻŽাā§° āϚাāĻĢা āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦা⧟ুā§° āĻ•ি⧟ āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύ ? 

Ans: We need clean and fresh air to breathe . 

āφāĻŽাā§°  āϚাāĻĢা āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦা⧟ু āωāĻļাāĻš -āύিāĻļাāĻš āϞ'āĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύ । If we will take dirty air inside us we may fall ill. āϝāĻĻি āφāĻŽি āĻŦে⧟া āĻŦা⧟ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϞৈ āϞāĻ“ঁ āφāĻŽি āĻŦেāĻŽাā§° āφāϜাā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ো । Therefore  the air we take  inside should be neat and clean .āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻŽি āϏেā§ąāύ āϕ⧰া āĻŦা⧟ু āϏāĻĻাāχ āϚাāĻĢা āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(c) What happens when the air becomes polluted ? āĻŦাāϝু āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻš'āϞে āĻ•ি āĻšā§Ÿ ? 

Ans: When the air becomes polluted, people can suffer from various diseases. āĻŦা⧟ু āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻš'āϞে āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āύাāύাāύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° ā§°োāĻ—āϤ āĻ­ূāĻ—িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । When polluted air goes into our lungs , we can fall ill . āϝেāϤি⧟া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻŦা⧟ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻšাঁāĻ“-āĻĢাঁāϓ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϞৈ āϝা⧟  āφāĻŽি āĻŦেāĻŽাā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ । 

(d) Why is our environment getting Spoilt ?

āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āĻ•ি⧟ āύāώ্āϟ āĻšৈāĻ›ে  ? 

Ans: The air is polluted all the time by smoke and foul smells due to which our environment is getting spoilt. 

āϧোā§ąা āφ⧰ু āĻŦে⧟া āĻ—āύ্āϧāχ āĻŦা⧟ু āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰ে āϝাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো āύāώ্āϟ āĻšৈāĻ›ে ।

(e) How can we protect our environment ? 

 āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ ?

Ans: We can protect our environment by making people aware of the dangers of destroying  the world around us. āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āϭ⧟ংāϕ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϤি āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāĻ—āϤ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ ।

 (f) How do green plants and trees help us and our environment ?

āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি⧟ে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟোāĻ• āĻ•িāĻĻā§°ে āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰ে ? 

Ans: Green plants and trees helps us and our environment by the following ways-

 (i) Green  plants enrich the air with  oxygen

(ii) They use up the carbon  dioxide and other harmful gases.

(iii) Plants protects us from number of diseases.

āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি⧟ে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟোāĻ• āĻŦāĻšু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§°ে āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰ে-

(i) āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি⧟ে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŦা⧟ু āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰ে । 

(ii) āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ āĻĄাāχāĻ…āĻ•্āϏাāχāĻĄ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻšাāύিāĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻ—েāϛ⧰ āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāĻ— āϕ⧰ে । 

(iii) āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি⧟ে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻŦāĻšু āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻŦেāĻŽাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰ে। 

(g) What steps should we take to keep our environment clean ? 

āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āϞāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ  ? 

Ans : To keep our environment clean we should take the following steps-

(i) We should clean our vehicles regularly to reduce the harmful gases. 

(ii) Factories must adopt measures . 

(iii) We should not through garbage into the river or seas. 

(iv) We should not use pesticides and dumping of non -  degradable household  .

(v) We should plant more  trees.

āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻŽি āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āϞ'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে -

(i) āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āϝাāύāĻŦাāĻšāύ āϏāĻŽূāĻš  āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤ āĻ­াā§ąে āϚাāĻĢা-āϚিāĻ•ুāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āϝাāϤে āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻ—েāĻ›  āĻŦোā§° āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšā§Ÿ  । 

(ii) āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা āĻŦোā§°ে āωāĻĒা⧟ āĻŦāĻšāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ  āϞাāĻ—ে  ।

(iii) āφāĻŽি āύāĻĻী āĻŦা  āϏাāĻ—ā§°āϤ āϝাā§ąā§° -āϝুāĻĨā§° āĻĒেāϞাā§ą āύাāϞাāĻ—ে । 

(iv) āφāĻŽি āĻ•ীāϟ-āύাāĻļāĻ• āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦ্āϝ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে āφ⧰ু āĻĒāϚāύāĻļীāϞ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āϘ⧰⧰ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻĒেāϞাā§ą āύাāϞাāĻ—ে ।

(v) āφāĻŽি āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—āĻ› ā§°ুāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(h) How does water become polluted ?

āĻĒাāύী āĻ•িāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ? 

Ans: Water becomes polluted by the following ways: 

(i) Garbage's that we throw into the water makes the water polluted.

(ii) Industries release their waste material into the river and make them toxic. 

āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āĻŦāĻšু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿঃ

(i) āφāĻŽি āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা āĻĒাāύীā§° āϜাā§ąā§° -āϝুāĻĨā§° ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒাāύী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । 

(ii) āĻ•āϞ-āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা āϏāĻŽূāĻšে āĻ—েāϞা āϜাāĻŦā§° āĻŦোā§° āĻĒাāύীāϞৈ āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§ŸāϤ āĻĒাāύী āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । 

(i) How does soil become polluted ?

āĻŽাāϟি āĻ•িāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ?

Ans: Usage of too many pesticides, dumping of nan- degradable household and industrial wastes makes the soil polluted. 

āĻ•ীāϟ āύাāĻļāĻ• āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦāĻšু āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āϕ⧰া āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° , āĻĒāϚāύāĻļীāϞ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āϘ⧰⧰ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āĻĒুāϟা āφ⧰ু āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύাā§° āĻ—েāϞা-āĻĒāĻ›া āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§ąে āĻŽাāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰ে  । 

2. In the lesson you read about some ways in which our environment gets polluted ., In your , notebook make three columns like this: 

āĻĒাāĻ  āϟোāϤ āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāĻ•ে āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāϞা । āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāĻšীāϤ āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে ā§Š āϟা āĻ•ৈ āϘ⧰ āĻŦāύোā§ąা ঃ Now write the causes of these different 

 types of pollution : āĻāϤি⧟া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻŦোā§° āϞিāĻ–া āĻĒাāĻ  āϟোāϤ āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻŽāϤে ঃ


3. Here's a game for you : 

āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāϟা āĻ–েāϞ āĻĻি⧟া   āĻšৈāĻ›ে ঃ 

 Say the word ' pollution ' to your friend . Ask 

him or her to say a sentence with it . Then your friend will say another word related to pollution and you will have to make a sentence with it. Continue the game using as many words related to pollution as you can think of ' Pollution'.

(āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ) āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϟো  āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧু-āĻŦাāύ্āϧāĻŦীāĻ• āĻ•োā§ąা । āφ⧰ু āϤাāĻ• āĻŦা āϤাāχāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϟোā§°ে āĻāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻি⧟া । āϤাā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āϤোāĻŽাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻŦāύ্āϧুā§ąে āĻ“ āĻāϟা āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•'āĻŦ āϤোāĻŽাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϤুāĻŽিāĻ“ āϏেāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§°ে  āĻāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•'āĻŦা । āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ–েāϞ āϟো āĻ–েāϞী āĻ—ৈ āĻĨাāĻ•া āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒাā§°া āϏিāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϟোā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāĻ•ৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া । 

 (1) Pollution : Most of the things that cause disease are a result of pollution. 

āĻŦāĻšু āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϝি⧟ে āĻŦেāĻŽাā§° āϕ⧰ে āϤাā§°েāχ   āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻš'āϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ ।   

(2) Disease: When polluted air goes into our lungs we may suffer from disease.

āĻŦেāĻŽাā§° ঃ āϝেāϤি⧟া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϧোঁā§ąা āφāĻŽাā§° āĻšাঁāĻ“ āĻĢাāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϞৈ āϝা⧟ āφāĻŽি āĻŦেāĻŽাā§°ā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ । 

(3) Smoke : Air is polluted by the smoke.

āϧোā§ąাঁঃ āϧোā§ąাঁā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦা⧟ু āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । 

(4) Green plants : Green plants protects us from

number of diseases .

āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύীঃ āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύী⧟ে āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻŦāĻšু āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŦেāĻŽাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰ে

(5) Harmful Gases: Harmful gases should be reduced to protect the environment .

āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻ—েāĻ› ঃ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻ—েāĻ› āĻŦোā§° āĻ•āĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(6) Soil : Our soil can be polluted when the fertility of the soil is lost .

āĻŽাāϟি ঃ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŽাāϟিā§° āϏাā§° āύাāχāĻ•ি⧟া āĻš'āϞে āχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে । 

4. Read the text again and find out the words that you do not understand look up their meanings in the dictionary . Write down the meaning suitable for the sentence in the text one is done for you : 

āĻĒাāĻ āϟি āĻĒুāĻŖā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়া āφ⧰ু āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦুāϜি āύোāĻĒোā§ąা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤা āĻŦাāϚি āωāϞিāĻ“ā§ąা । āϤাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽূāĻš ' dictionary ' āϤ āϚোā§ąা । āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে āϤাā§° āϏāĻĨিāĻ• āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āϞিāĻ–া । āĻāϟা āϤāϞāϤ āϕ⧰ি āĻĻি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›ে ঃ 

4. Read the text again and find out the words that you do not understand look up their meanings in the dictionary . Write down the meaning suitable for the sentence in the text one is done for you : 

waste: rubbish, especially domestic refuse 

āĻ—েāϞা āĻĒāĻ›া āĻŦāϏ্āϤু ঃ āϞেāϤেā§°া , āϘ⧰ুā§ąা āĻ… āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°িāϤ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু । 

5. Find out the hidden words in the grid . They are all related to the environment . Hint ! There are six words across and four down . 

āĻŦাāĻ•āϚ āϟোāϤ āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āϞুāĻĒ্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤা āĻŦাāϚি āωāϞিāĻ“ā§ąা । āĻ—ুāϟেāχāĻ•েāχāϤা āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϜ⧰িāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ । āϏংāĻ•েāϤ ঃ āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ ā§Ŧ āϟা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏিāĻĒাā§°ে āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু ā§Ē āϟা āϤāϞ āĻĢাāϞে āφāĻ›ে ঃ

Ans (1) Noise- āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

(2) Cloud- āĻĄাā§ąঁā§°

(3) Water- āĻĒাāύী

(4) Smoke- āϧোঁā§ąা

 (5) Oxygen- āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ

(6) Waste- āĻ…āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ 

(1) Air- āĻŦা⧟ু

(2) Pollution-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāύ

(3) Carbon- āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ

(4) Dust- āϧূāϞি

6. Work in groups of four or five. Discuses and write a few slogans to protect the environment in the space given below . Then , write them on chart paper and hang the chart paper in your classroom : 

ā§Ē āĻŦা ā§Ģ āϜāύী⧟া  āĻāϟা āĻ—্ā§°োāĻĒ āϞোā§ąা । āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϚ⧰্āϚা āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāχāϤাāĻŽাāύ āĻļ্āϞ'āĻ—াāύ । āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰াā§° āωāĻĒā§°āϤ āϞিāĻ–া āϤাā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āϚাā§°্āϤ āĻĒেāĻĒাā§°āϤ āϞিāĻ–ি āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āϞāĻ—াāχ āĻĨোā§ąা ।

(i) Save water , save life 

āĻĒাāύী āĻŦāĻ›োā§ąা , āϜীā§ąāύ āĻŦāĻ›োā§ąা 

(ii) Plant a tree today , save a life tomorrow 

āĻ—āĻ› āĻāĻĄাāϞ ā§°ুā§ąা āφāϜি , āĻāϟা āϜীā§ąāύ āĻŦāĻ›োā§ąা āĻ•াāχāϞৈ ।

(iii) Waste water today , live in desert tomorrow.

āĻĒাāύী āφāϜি āĻ–ā§°āϚ āϕ⧰া, āĻ•াāχāϞৈ āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া । 

(iv) Environment is life , Pollution is death.

āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϜীā§ąāύ , āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŽā§°āĻŖ । 

7. Let's learn some grammar : 

Read the sentences written on the smoke bubbles 

āφāĻšা āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽাā§° āϕ⧰ো : 

āϧোঁā§ąা āĻŦাāĻŦāϞ āĻ•েāχāϤাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•েāχāϤা āĻĒāĻĸ়া ঃ

(1) We need fresh air to breathe 

āφāĻŽাāĻ• āωāĻļাāĻš āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦা⧟ু āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(2) Fresh air is needed to breathe.

āωāĻļাāĻš āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦা⧟ু āϞাāĻ—ে । 

     When the subject of a sentence is the receiver of an action or is affected by the action of the verb , the verb is said to be in the passive voice. āϝেāϤি⧟া āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒāĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦা  āĻ­াā§°্āĻŦā§° āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । āϏেāχ āĻ­াāĻŦ āϟোāĻ• āĻĒেāϚিāĻĄ āĻ­āχāϚ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšā§Ÿ । 

Now look at what active and passive sentences look like:

āĻāϤি⧟া āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻĄ āφ⧰ু āĻĒেāĻ›িāĻĄ āĻ­āχāϚ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻšā§Ÿ āϚোā§ąা ঃ 

Eg: āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āύঃ 1

        Active: Cats chase rats .

         āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻ­ ঃ āĻŽেāĻ•ুā§°ী āĻŦোā§°ে āύিāĻ—āύী āĻŦোā§°āĻ•                āĻ–েāĻĻে ।

          Passive: Rats are chased by cats.

           āĻĒেāϚিāĻĄঃ āύিāĻ—āύী āĻŦোā§°ে āĻŽেāĻ•ুā§°ীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া                   āĻ–েāĻĻা āĻ–াāχ । 

What did you notice ? āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰িāϞো ?

   (i) Some words in the two sentences change their positions āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āĻĻু⧟োāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ াāχ āϏāϞāύি āϕ⧰িāϞে ।

   (ii) The verb chase changes tow are chased āϜ⧰্āĻŦ Chase āϟো are chased āϞৈ āϏāϞāύি āĻšāϞ Cats chase rats 

Rats are chased by cats

(2)Look at another example . You will see the same change : 

āĻāϟা āĻ…āύ্āϝ āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϚোā§ąা । āϤুāĻŽি  āĻāĻ•ে āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏাāϞ-āϏāϞāύি āĻĒাāĻŦা ঃ

Smoke spoils in the air

āϧোঁā§ąা āĻŦা⧟ুāϤ āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ 

The air is spoilt by smoke.

āĻŦা⧟ু-āϧোঁā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ । 

       Now, work in pairs , Find some more active sentences and write in the bubbles on the left . Then write their passive forms in the bubbles on the right . āĻāϤি⧟া āĻ—্ā§°োāĻĒ āĻŦāύাāχ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া । āĻ•েāχāϤাāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻ•āϟিā§°ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϏেāχ āĻŦাāĻŦāϞ āĻ•েāχāϤাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻŦাāĻ“ঁ āĻĢাāϞে āϞিāĻ–া । āφ⧰ু āϤাā§° āĻĒেāĻ›িāĻĄ āĻĢā§°্āĻŽ āϟো āĻŦাāĻŦāϞ āĻ•িāϤাā§° āϏোঁ āĻĢাāϞে āϞিāĻ–া ঃ 

Act: Rohan helps Roshni (ā§°āĻšāύে ā§°āĻ›āύিāĻ• āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰ে )

Pass:  Roshni is helped by Rohan ( ā§°āĻ›āύিā§° ā§°āĻšāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏāĻšা⧟ āĻšৈāĻ›ে ) 

Act: Reporters write news ( ā§°িāĻĒ'ā§°্āϤাā§° āĻŦোā§°ে āĻŦাāϤ⧰ি āĻŦোā§° āϞিāĻ–ে )

Pass : News are written  by reporters . ( āĻŦাāϤ⧰ি āĻŦোā§° ā§°িāĻĒ'ā§°্āϤাā§° ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞিāĻ–া āĻšā§Ÿ ) 

Act : Michael bakes cake ( āĻŽাāχāĻ•েāϞ āĻ•েāĻ• āĻŦāύাāχāĻ›ে ) 

Pass : Cake is baked by Michael ( āĻ•েāĻ• āϟো āĻŽাāχāĻ•েāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦāύোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে) 

 Now , rewrite the following sentences in passive voice , and write it on a chart paper to make a poster . You can colour it , Write a heading , and hang it in your classroom . 

         āĻāϤি⧟া āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•েāχāϤা āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻĒেāĻ›িāĻĄ āĻ­āχāϚāϤ āϞিāĻ–া , āφ⧰ু āϚাā§°্āϤ āĻĒেāĻĒাā§°āϤ āϞিāĻ–ি āĻĒāώ্āϟাā§° āĻŦāύোā§ąা āϤুāĻŽি āϤাāϤ ā§°ং āϕ⧰িāĻŦāĻ“ āĻĒাā§°া , āĻāϟা āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻŦা āφ⧰ু āϤুāĻŽাā§° āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী āĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āωāϞāĻŽাāχ āĻĨোā§ąা ? 

(i) We need Clean air (āφāĻŽাā§° āϚাāĻĢা āĻŦা⧟ুā§° āĻĻā§°āĻ•াā§° )

⇒ Clean air is needed by us . ( āϚাāĻĢা āĻŦা⧟ু āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻā§°āĻ•াā§°ী )

(2) We need fresh water too. ( āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§°  āĻĒাāύীā§°ā§° āϜ⧰ুā§°ী )

⇒ Fresh water is needed us too. ( āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āĻĒাāĻŖী āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϜ⧰ুā§°ী )

(3) Some animals eat green leaves. ( āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āϜāύ্āϤুā§ąে āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻĒাāϤ āĻ–াāχ ) 

⇒ Green leaves are eaten by some animals.

( āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύী āϜāύ্āϤুā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ–োā§ąা āĻšā§Ÿ

(4) Trees and plants breathe the air that we breathe out. ( āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύী⧟ে āϏেāχ āĻŦা⧟ু āϏেā§ąāύ āϕ⧰ে āϝি āωāĻļাāĻš āφāĻŽি āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϞৈ āĻā§°োঁ । 

⇒ The air that we breathe out is breathed by trees and plants. ( āϝি āĻŦা⧟ুā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āφāĻŽি āωāĻļাāĻš āϞāĻ“ঁ āϏেāĻ‡ā§Ÿা āĻ—āĻ› -āĻ—āĻ›āύীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āωāĻļাāĻš āϞোā§ąা āĻšā§Ÿ । 

8. Read this story called ' Night River' and complete the task that follows : 

' Night River' ( āύাāχāϤ ā§°িāĻ­াā§° ) āĻ•াāĻšিāύী āϟো āĻĒāĻĸ়া āφ⧰ু āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻ–িāύি āĻĒুā§°ুā§ąা ঃ 

long , long ago a night river flowed in the heart of the blue planet where we live. āĻŦāĻšু āϏāĻŽā§Ÿā§° āφāĻ—āϤে āĻāĻ–āύ āύিāĻļাā§° āύāĻĻী āύীāϞা āĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϟোā§° āĻŦুāĻ•ুā§°ে āĻŦৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝ'āϤ āφāĻŽি āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰োঁ । The river could dance and flow as it wished and was a friend of the people. āύāĻĻী āĻ–āύে āύাāϚিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϜেāύী⧟ে āĻŽāύ āϏেāχāĻĢাāϞেāχ āĻŦৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ । The night river was home to different kinds of aquatic animals and plants . āĻŦāĻšু āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϜāϞী⧟া āϜāύ্āϤু āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻ› āĻ—āĻ›āύীā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻāχ āύিāĻļাā§° āύāĻĻী āĻ–āύ āϘ⧰ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ । It provided pure water to the animals and the plant kingdom . āχ āϜāύ্āϤু āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻ› āĻ—āĻ›āύীā§° āϏাāĻŽā§°াāϜ্āϝ āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĒাāύী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । It added beauty to the water . āĻ‡ā§Ÿে āĻĒাāύী āĻ–িāύিāϤ āϏৌāύ্āĻĻā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻŽিāĻšāϞাāϞে । The river cooled the surroundings and made the soil fertile . āύāĻĻী āĻ–āύে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো āĻ াāĻŖ্āĻĄা āϕ⧰িāϞে āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϟি āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āϏাā§°ুā§ąা āϕ⧰িāϞে । It was used for water transport and gave us water for drinking , washing , woking ,bathing cleaning , etc. āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϜāϞ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāύ ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ–োā§ąা , āϧোā§ąা , āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āĻŦāύোā§ąা , āĻ—া āϧোā§ąা , āϚাāĻĢ āϚিāĻ•ুāύ āϕ⧰া āχāϤ্āϝāĻĻিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒাāύী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ । The people on the blue planet were happy with the gifts given by the mighty night river. āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻļাāϞী āύিāĻļাā§° āύāĻĻী āĻ–āύে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āωāĻĒāĻšাā§° āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύীāϞা āĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϟোā§°  āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻŦোā§° āϏুāĻ–ী āφāĻ›িāϞ । But one day , the night river turned yellow . āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻĻিāύ āύিāĻļাā§° āύāĻĻী āĻ–āύ  āĻšাāϞāϧী⧟া ā§°ং āϞৈ ā§°ুāĻĒাāύ্āϤ⧰ীāϤ āĻš'āϞ । It was no longer a beautiful blue . āχ āφ⧰ু āϧুāύী⧟া āύীāϞ āĻŦā§°āύ⧰ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āύাāχ  । 

Why do you think this had happened ? 

āϤোāĻŽাāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ•ি āĻ­াāĻŦা āϝে āĻāχ āĻĻāĻļা āĻ•ি⧟ āĻš'āϞ ? 

In small groups, discuss and not e three reasons. āϏ⧰ু āĻ—্ā§°োāĻĒ  āĻāϟা āĻŦāύোā§ąা āφ⧰ু ā§Š āϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি⧟া ঃ 

(1) It happened because people night have 

Ans: What to do          āĻ•ি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে 

(i) We should destroy the garbages in a particular place. āφāĻŽি āϝাāĻŦā§°-āϝোāĻĨā§° āĻŦোā§° āύিāĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϤ āύāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

(ii) We should plant more trees. āφāĻŽি āĻŦāĻšু āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ—āĻ› ā§°ুā§ą āϞাāĻ—ে ।

(iii) We should wash our vehicles regularly. āφāĻŽি āĻĒ্ā§°া⧟েāχ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻ—াāĻĄ়ী -āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŦোā§° āϚাāĻĢা āϕ⧰ি āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

What not to do       āĻ•ি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে 

(i) We should not throw garbages here and there . āφāĻŽি āϝ'āϤে -āϤ'āϤে āϝাā§ąā§° āĻĒেāϞাā§ą āύাāϞাāĻ—ে । 

(ii) We should not cut trees . āφāĻŽি āĻ—āĻ› āĻ—āĻ›āύী āĻ•াāϤিāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে । 

(iii) We should not use pesticides . āφāĻŽি āĻ•ীāϟāύাāϏāĻ• āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦ্āϝ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে । 

11. Read the words spoken by the head master in the morning assembly : āĻšেāĻĻ -āĻŽাāώ্āϟ⧰ āϜāύ⧰ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϏāĻ­াāϤ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻ•েāχāϤা  āĻĒāĻĸ়া  ঃ 

Noises of factories and trains pollute our environment . āĻ•āϞ-āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύাā§° āφ⧰ু ā§°েāϞ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰ে । 

One of the ways of protecting the environment is to make people aware of the world around us. āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻ–āύ⧰ āϚৌ āĻĒাāĻļে āĻšৈ-āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āϏ⧰্āϤāĻ• āϕ⧰ি āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻāϟা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি । 

Green plants enrich the air with oxygen . āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύী⧟ে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŦা⧟ুā§° āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰ে । 

Factories must adopt environment protection measures. 

āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা āĻŦোā§°ে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāύ⧰ āωāĻĒা⧟ āĻŦā§°āύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । 

The garbage that we dump into rivers pollutes the water . ⧟ি āĻŦোā§° āϝাāĻŦā§° āφāĻŽি āύāĻĻীāϤ āĻĒেāϞাঁāĻ“ āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ে āĻĒাāύীāĻ–িāύি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰ে । 

        By using the sentences of the headmaster write a paragraph on the topic. Protection of the environment .'' you may add your own sentences. āĻšেāĻĻ āĻŽাāώ্āϟ⧰ āϜāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•েāχāϤা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি Protection of the environment '' ( āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ ā§° āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώা ) '' āĻŦিāώ⧟ āϟোā§° āωāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāϟা āĻĻāĻĢা āĻŦা āĻĒেā§°াāĻ—্ā§°াāĻĢ āϞিāĻ–া । āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাā§° āύিāϜ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ“ āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°া ঃ 

Ans:           '' Protection of the environment ''

Environment protection has become a huge responsibility that every individual should take. āĻĒ্ā§°ā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāύ āϟো āĻāϟা āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āϝ āĻšৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে āϝি āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি ⧟েāχ āϞ'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । When our environment will be safe , we will lead a  happy life. āϝেāϤি⧟া āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻšāĻŦ , āφāĻŽি āĻāϟা āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŽ । One of the ways of protecting the environment is to make people aware of the world around us . āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰⧰া āĻāϟা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϝে āφāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•্āώāϤি āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āϏāϤ⧰্āĻ• āϕ⧰ি āĻĻি⧟াāϤো । Noise pollution has become one major problem. āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻāϟা āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›ে । Noises of factories and trains pollute our environment . āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা āφ⧰ু ā§°েāϞ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώিāϤ āϕ⧰ে । Therefore the factories must take environment protection measures . āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা āĻŦোā§°ে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāύ⧰ āωāĻĒা⧟ āωāϞি⧟াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে । On the other hand , deforestation is also destroying our environment . āφāύāĻšাāϤে āύিā§°্āĻŦāύীāϕ⧰āĻŖে āĻ“ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϟো āϧংāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে । As we all know that green plants enrich the air with oxygen , we should plant more and more trees to protect our environment . āφāĻŽি āϏāĻ•āϞোā§ąে āϜাāύো āϝে āϏেāωāϜী⧟া āĻ—āĻ›ে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻŦা⧟ু āϏāĻŽূāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰ে , āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻŽি āφāĻŽাā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒাā§°ি  āϏিāĻŽাāύ āĻ—āĻ› - ā§°ুā§ą āϞাāĻ—ে । 

12. Say these words aloud . Observe the  difference . āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•েāχāϤা āωāϚ্āϚাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āĻĒāĻĸ়া । āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϟো āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰া ঃ 

O in not = āύāϤ্ 

O in to = āϤু

O in go = āĻ—'

O in our = āĻ†ā§ąাā§°

O in woman = ā§ą'āĻŽেāύ 

O in women = ā§ąি āĻŽিāύ 

The letter o is pronounced differently in all these words . āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϟো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϤ 'O' āϟো āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āϧ⧰āύāϤ āωāϚ্āϚাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে । 

13. Read the following and find the answer : 

āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻ–িāύি āĻĒāĻĸ়া  āφ⧰ু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϟো āϞিāĻ–া ঃ

I am always in black , and I' am always in white ; 

āĻŽāχ āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•'āϞা , āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āϏāĻĻা⧟ āĻŦāĻ—া 

I am grave and I'm heavy and light .

āĻŽāχ āĻ—āĻ­ীā§° āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ•াāĻŽী , āĻŽāχ āĻ—āϧুā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒাāϤāϞ , 

In form too I differ - I'm thick and I'm thin.

āφāĻ•ৃāϤিāϤ āĻ“ āĻŽāχ āĻ­াāĻ— āϕ⧰ো - āĻŽāχ āĻļāĻ•āϤ  āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āĻ•্āώীāĻŖ 

I've no flesh and no bones, yet I'm covered with 

āĻŽোā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻŽাংāϏ āύাāχ āφ⧰ু āύাāχ āĻšাāĻĄ় , āĻš'āϞেāĻ“ āĻŽāχ āϚাāϞেā§°ে āĻ†ā§ąā§°া ;

I often die soon , though I sometimes live ages ,

āĻŽāχ āĻĒ্ā§°া⧟ে āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻŽā§°োঁ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāϤি⧟াāĻŦা āĻŦāĻšু āĻ•াāϞ āϜী⧟াāĻ“ ,

 And no king  alive has so many pages.

āφ⧰ু āĻāύে āĻ•োāύো āϜীā§ąিāϤ ā§°āϜা āύাāχ āϝাā§° āχāĻŽাāύāĻŦোā§° āĻĒাāϤ āφāĻ›ে ।

Who am I āĻŽāχ āĻ•োāύ B O O K (āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒ)