CHAPTER- IV 

SPECIAL NEEDS OF DISADVANTAGED 
AND 
DISABLED CHILDREN



A. Very short questions.

Q1. According to WHO what is impairment?

Ans : According to WHO “Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or of anatomical structure.


Q2. What is handicap?

Ans :Handicap is a condition when the society consider the child as disadvantage due to his disability.


Q3. What are the two causes of missing limbs?

Ans : Congenital deformity and acquired deformity are the two causes of missing limbs.


Q4. What are the two causes of physical disability?

Ans : Congenital disability and acquired disability are the major causes of physical disability. 


Q5. What do you mean by braille method?

Ans : Braille is a system of reading and writing method by touch used by the blind. It is composed of dot arrangement that make up alphabet letters, numbers and punctuation marks. 


Q6. What is sign language?

Ans : A language that uses signs made with hands and other gestures, including facial expressions and body postures mainly used by deaf people.



Q7. List any two characteristics of a deaf child.

Ans : Two characteristics of a deaf child are-
👉Difficulty in learning language
👉May be incapable of speaking properly


Q8. What do you mean by a child with missing or affected limbs?

Ans : When is child is unable to perform various activities by proper use of bones, muscles and joints, he is known as child with missing limbs.



B .Short answer questions

Q1. What are the characteristics of a blind child?

Ans : The characteristics of a blind child are –
        • A blind child is very cautious in his movement but sometimes clumsy and feel awkward.
        • The eyes may be red, swollen, watery, itching and sensitive to light.
        • Partially blind child may have symptoms ike headache, vomiting, blurred vision etc.
        • Blind child is always dependent on other for doing any work. Sometime frustration occurs which may lead to inferiority complex.
        • Blind child get fewer opportunity to get along with social groups. Hence they find it difficult to adjust with other childrens.



Q 2. Differentiate between handicap and disability.
Ans: Differences between handicap and disability are –
Handicap Disabled
  
 Handicap Disabled

 1.     Define as disadvantage.External source.

3.     2. Lack of restriction of opportunity.

4.     3. Difficulty

5.     4. More associated with loss of body part.

6.     5. More link with sports.

7.     6. Consequences of disability.

7. Longer history as a term.
 1. Define as condition.

2. Internal source.

3. Lack of restriction of ability.

4.Inability

5. Less associated with loss of body part.

6. Less link with sports.

7. Condition of having less capacity.

8. Shorter history as a term



Q3. What are the different types of physical/disability?

Ans: The different types of physical disability are – cleft palate, birth marks in the body , defective speech, missing limbs, more fingers then required, webbed fingers etc.


Q4. What are the different neurological disorders of children?

Ans : the different neurological disorder of children’s are cerebral palsy, epilepsy, schizophrenia, head injury, acute spinal cord injury etc.


Q5. List any two causes responsible for social disadvantage among children.
Ans : Lack of formal education and lack of poverty and ignorance are the two causes responsible for social disadvantage among children.


C. Long answer questions.

Q1. Explain about the physical and emotional need of a blind child.

Ans : Physical needs - Parents of a blind child should play an important role in fulfilling his physical needs. Parents should train a blind child to do his daily routine work like going to the toilet, bathing, dressing etc. 

The physical need of a blind child are –

        • They should be trained properly to move properly to move around the house without hurting themselves.
        • Blind or partially blind children must be made familiar with their bodies and the environment where they live in so that they feel comfortable with them.
        • Parents must be alert all the times that the child is protected from any disease and should take them regularly to the doctor.
        • Parents, siblings and other should be ready to help a blind child and should behave well with him.
        • The teacher should take special safety precautions when conducting outdoor activities, sports and games. The activities should be conducted in spacious ground. Places with fixtures, objects or wall-blocks that can be of danger to the children should be avoided. Anything lying disused on the floor should be cleared so that the children will not fall over them.

Emotional needs - The world of a blind child is very limited. A blind child’s social world is his or her parents. Hence parents should love them and try to solve their routine problem.
The emotional need of a bind child are –
    • Blind children should be helped to become independent. They should be trained to do their day-to-day work like bathing , dressing, going to toilet, tying shoe laces etc.
    • It is important to provide education to a blind child at proper age. A special tool is used to provide education to a blind child known as BRAILLE.
    • Blind children’s should be provided with required facilities, environment etc so that they can lead a normal life with other children’s.
    • Love, care and sympathy from parents and other people in the society are the basic needs for these children.
    • Encouragement from parents to participate in social work is most essential because this will help the child to become independent and self reliant.



Q2. What are the causes of deafness?

Ans : the causes of deafness are as follow-
    • Conductive deafness: - Any sound generally conducted through air to the ear. Hearing impairment may occur when there is any blockage in the passage of the ear. Such blockage may be due to deposition of wax in the ear and foreign body in the pathway and any outer ear infection or swelling etc., this condition may result in deafness. Those can be fixed by medical care.
    • Sensory neural deafness: - Sensory neural deafness is a type of hearing loss. It occurs from damage to the inner ear, the nerve that runs from the ear to the brain (auditory nerve), or the brain. You can also suffer from sensory neural hearing loss due to diseases such as mumps, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or if you used other medication such as aspirin or other antibiotics. Sensory neural hearing impairment may also occur if your mother had rubella during pregnancy.
    •Mixed hearing loss: - Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensory neural hearing loss. There may be a problem in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear or auditory nerve. It can happen after a head injury, long-term infection, or because of a disorder that runs in your family. Hearing loss can affect one or both ears. It can happen suddenly or gradually get worse over time. If you notice sudden hearing loss, you should see an ear, nose, and throat specialist as soon as possible.



Q3. What are the emotional and educational needs of children with missing limbs?

Ans Emotional needs - For a parent the best thing they can do for themselves and for the child is to be ready for the long road ahead of them while realizing that life is not over while there will be challenges. Positivity is the emotional needs of children with missing limbs. Children with missing limb find difficulty to mingle with other children. They donot take part in the group play and often left out of such group activities. This may feel frustrated, dejected and neglected. This child may feel socially dejected and have low self esteem which give rise to wrong self image. Encouragement from parents to participate in social work is most essential. This will help the child to become more independent and self reliant.

Educational needs – Children should be allowed to study, draw and play like other children. Children with deformity should be allowed to draw, paint, knit and dance. The child should be used to walk on various terrains, getting in and out of the car so they will feel more comfortable doing it on their own eventually. If the child is in school or day care, parents should talk openly with the principal, teachers and school nurse about your child’s condition and any special attention they may require. These children’s should not be treated any differently than the other children’s. Separating rather them including them in common activities will only hurt them.


Q4. What are the causes of social maladjustment among children?
Ans: The causes of social maladjustment among children are –
    • Fearful: Fear is a strong emotion involving perception of danger, unpleasant agitation and often a desire to hide from meeting students of higher classes, being alone in a room, and fear of dogs, strange noises, the dark, etc.
    • Anxious: Anxiety is a personality trait. It results from conflict, which is an inevitable part of life. Anxiety describes the individual's level of emotionality. Since anxiety is an inferred emotional state of an individual, it cannot be directly observed. It can be measured through psychological tests/techniques.
    • Delusions: Delusion is an irrational and obstinate belief that the individual actively defends, e.g., a child does not work hard for the final examination and thinks that it is the God only who can get him through the examination and he fails. This shows the delusion in him which makes him maladjusted.
    • Tension: When a person does not feel a kind of inner freedom, the strain which results from muscular contradiction and through which muscles, tendons, etc., are stretched under a threatening situation.
    • Feeling of inferiority: A feeling of inferiority, arising from the sense of imperfection and incompletion in a particular sphere of life, which motivates the individual to strive for a higher level of development and as such, are the cause of all improvement in life situations. Each time a new level of achievement is reached, inferiority feelings reappear, continuing to stimulate upward movement. If inferiority feelings become exaggerated by adverse conditions at home, physical or mental disorders on inferiority complex may develop which makes an individual maladjusted.



Q5. What are the characteristics of a deaf child?
Ans : 
Characteristics of a deaf child are –
    • A deaf child may be dumb.
    • The child may be incapable of speaking properly.
    • Difficulty in learning language.
    • Deaf children are less language.
    • Due to lack of coordination between vision and hearing they become suspicious which results in lesser number of friends.
    • Deafness leads to frustration and inferiority complex among children.









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