Chapter: 4

 Albert Einstein at School


1. What do you understand of Einstein's nature form his conversations with his history teacher his mathematics teacher and the head teacher ? 

āφāχāύāώ্āϟাāχāύ⧰ āϏ্āĻŦāĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāϝ় āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻšোā§ąা āĻ•āĻĨা-āĻŦāϤ⧰াā§° āĻĒā§°া ?

Answer: Exchanges between Einstein and History teacher show that Einstein is honest and truthful. He admits his shortcomings frankly. He has firm and well-defined opinions. He explains precisely what he thinks. Thus his basic intelligence, logical reasoning and lucid expression are highlighted. He showed the sparks of genius even at a young age. His maths teacher had a high opinion of him. He went to the extent of saying: “I can’t teach you more, and probably you’ll soon be able to teach me.” When Albert said that it was excessive praise, the teacher acknowledged that it was only the truth. He made the point by saying that Albert was ready immediately to enter a college or institute for the study of higher mathematics. Albert himself said, “I’ve learnt all the maths, they teach at school and a bit more.”

The head teacher told Albert that he was expelling him from school because his presence in the classroom made it impossible for the teacher to teach and other pupils to learn. No serious work could be done while he was in the class. Albert refused to learn and he was” in constant rebellion.

For a moment Albert felt tempted to tell the head teacher what he thought of him and his school. Then he stopped himself. He didn’t say even a single word. Holding his head high, he went out with a sense of pride. Thus, he had a lot of self control. Albert was not at all impolite. He addressed his teachers respectfully and answered the questions honestly.

āφāχāύāώ্āϟাāχāύ āφ⧰ু āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āφāĻĻাāύ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āϝে āφāχāύāώ্āϟাāχāύ āĻ¸ā§Ž āφ⧰ু āϏāϤ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻী। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­াā§ąāĻŦোā§° āĻ…āĻ•āĻĒāϟে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āφ⧰ু āϏুāύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āφāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•ি āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏেāχ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻŽāϤ্āϤা, āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϏংāĻ—āϤ āϝুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏুāϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļāĻ­ংāĻ—ীāĻ• āωāϜ্āϜ্āĻŦāϞ āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞা āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϏ⧰ু āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤো āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ­াā§° āϏ্āĻĢুāϞিংāĻ— āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āωāϚ্āϚ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāχāĻ–িāύিāϞৈāĻ•ে āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝে: “āĻŽāχ āϤোāĻŽাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•াāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ো, āφ⧰ু āĻšāϝ়āϤো āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽোāĻ• āĻ…āϤি āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻļিāĻ•াāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦা।” āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟে āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•’āϞে āϝে āχ āĻ…āϤ্āϝāϧিāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļংāϏা, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāϞে āϝে āϏেāϝ়া āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āϏāϤ্āϝ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•āĻĨাāϟো āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰ি āĻ•āϝ় āϝে āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟ āωāϚ্āϚ āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āϞেāϜ āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϤ āĻ­ā§°্āϤি āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•্āώāĻŖাāϤ āϏাāϜু āĻšৈ āωāĻ িāĻ›ে। āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟে āύিāϜেāχ āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ, “āĻŽāχ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•িāĻ›ো, āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āĻĒāĻĸ়াāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŦেāĻ›ি।”


āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟāĻ• āĻ•’āϞে āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāĻšিāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϜāύে āĻĒāĻĸ়োā§ąাāϟো āφ⧰ু āφāύ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāϟো āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•্āϞাāĻ›āϤ āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ⧰ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύāĻ—’āϞ। āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟে āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāĻ›িāϞ” āĻ…āĻšā§°āĻš āĻŦিāĻĻ্ā§°োāĻšāϤ।


āĻ•্āώāύ্āϤেāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟে āĻĒ্ā§°āϞোāĻ­āύ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāϞে āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•ি āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϜāύāĻ• āĻ•’āĻŦāϞৈ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜāĻ•ে ā§°āĻ–াāχ āĻĻিāϞে। āĻāϟা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ“ āύāĻ•’āϞে৷ āĻŽূā§°āϟো āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞৈ āϤুāϞি āϞৈ āϏি āĻ—ৌā§°ā§ąā§° āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻāϟা āϞৈ āĻ“āϞাāχ āĻ—’āϞ। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āφāϤ্āĻŽāύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟ āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°েāχ āĻ…āĻ­āĻĻ্ā§° āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϜāύাāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ⧰ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϏāϤāϤাā§°ে āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ।

2. The School system often curbs individual talents Discuss. 

 āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ­াāĻ• āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•

Answer:

Albert Einstein’s miserable five years’ stay at school is a telling comment on the system of education prevailing then and existing even now. This system of education has no room for individual aspirations, brilliance or aptitude. It discourages genius and originality and encourages mechanical dullards or the so called ‘average’ students. This system lays stress on facts and dates rather than ideas. It ignores originality and creativity, which lead to progress and development.

No wonder then that most of the students manage to pass the examination by cramming—learning things by heart and repeating it in the exams. This parrot like learning or learning without understanding may help to get the diploma but fails to enrich the mind or inculcate ideas.

The teachers and authorities insist on discipline and conformity. The history teacher and the Head teacher are sticklers for rules, pedagogy and discipline. Brilliant students like Albert Einstein are considered dullard, stupid, incompetent, unfit rebels whose very presence makes it impossible for teacher to teach and other pupils to learn.

āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟ āφāχāύāώ্āϟাāχāύ⧰ āĻĻুāĻ–ীāϝ়া āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŦāϛ⧰ীāϝ়া āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻ–িāύি āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϚāϞিāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ•’āĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ। āĻāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āφāĻ•াংāĻ•্āώা, āĻŽেāϧা āĻŦা āϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤাā§° āĻ•োāύো āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύাāχ। āχ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ­া āφ⧰ু āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ•āϤাāĻ• āύিā§°ুā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āϝাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻ• āĻĄাāϞাā§°্āĻĄ āĻŦা āϤāĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāϤ ‘āĻ—āĻĄ়’ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āϕ⧰ে। āĻāχ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāχ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāϤāĻ•ৈ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āϤাā§°িāĻ–ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰োāĻĒ āϕ⧰ে। āχ āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ•āϤা āφ⧰ু āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻļীāϞāϤাāĻ• āφāĻ“āĻ•াāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে, āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ—āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļā§° āĻĻিāĻļāϤ āφāĻ—āĻŦাāĻĸ়ি āϝাāϝ়।


āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āφāϚ⧰িāϤ āύāĻšāϝ় āϝে āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°āχ āĻ•্ā§°াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāϤ āωāϤ্āϤীā§°্āĻŖ āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়— āĻ•āĻĨাāĻŦোā§° āĻŽুāĻ–āϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰ি āĻļিāĻ•ি āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāϤ āφāϓ⧰াāχ। āĻāχ āĻ•āĻĒৌāϟোā§ąে āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦা āĻŦুāϜি āύোāĻĒোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āĻļিāĻ•িāϞে āĻšāϝ়āϤো āĻĄিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŽা āĻĒোā§ąাāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽāύāϟোāĻ• āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻŦা āϧাā§°āĻŖাā§° āĻŦীāϜ āϏিঁāϚিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦ্āϝ⧰্āĻĨ āĻšāϝ়।


āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϕ⧰্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āĻ…āύুāĻļাāϏāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύুāĻ•ূāϞāϤাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϜোā§° āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϜāύ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύুāĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āώ্āϟিāĻ•। āĻāϞāĻŦাā§°্āϟ āφāχāύāώ্āϟাāχāύ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻŽেāϧাā§ąী āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāĻ• āύিāϏ্āϤেāϜ, āĻŽূā§°্āĻ–, āĻ…āϝোāĻ—্āϝ, āĻ…āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻŦিāĻĻ্ā§°োāĻšী āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়, āϝাā§° āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĸ়োā§ąা āφ⧰ু āφāύ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϝ়ে āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāϟো āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে।

3. How do you distinguish between information gathering and insight formation ?

āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻĻৃāώ্āϟি āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰ে ?

Answer:

 Learning the dates of battles or the details about victorious armies are facts. These details are part of knowledge which are content-based. There is no point in spending precious years of student life on information gathering because dates or facts could be ascertained from the books any time by just looking them up. Learning facts or parrot-like learning i.e., learning without understanding is what we call information gathering.

Analysing the facts, ascertaining the causes that led to a certain incident such as an uprising or a war and learning the ideas that spring from such actions are part of insight information. It gives us a clear perception into the true nature of a thing. Such knowledge increases our logical reasoning, power of analysis interpretation and understanding and makes us think.

āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ āϤাā§°িāĻ– āĻŦা āĻŦিāϜāϝ়ী āϏেāύাāĻŦাāĻšিāύীā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϏāĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϜাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāϟো āϤāĻĨ্āϝ। āĻāχ āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āϜ্āĻžাāύ⧰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āϝিāĻŦোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ•। āĻ›াāϤ্ā§° āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻšুāĻŽূāϞীāϝ়া āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āϧ⧰ি āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻšā§° āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āϞাāĻ­ āύাāχ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤে āϤাā§°িāĻ– āĻŦা āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāϞেāχ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻ—’āϞ। āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻļিāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻ•āĻĒৌā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŦুāϜি āύোāĻĒোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻŽি āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•āĻ“ঁ।


āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰া, āĻŦিāĻĻ্ā§°োāĻš āĻŦা āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻ•োāύো āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু āĻāύে āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āωāĻĻ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšোā§ąা āϧাā§°āĻŖাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāϟো āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিā§° āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ংāĻļ। āχ āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒā§° āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āĻāύে āϜ্āĻžাāύে āφāĻŽাā§° āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻী āϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āφ⧰ু āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦুāϜিā§° āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āφāĻŽাāĻ• āϚিāύ্āϤা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āϕ⧰ে।


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