Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

( āĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻŽাāϟি, āĻĒাāύী, āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি āφ⧰ু āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ)

1) Answer the following question.

         āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāϟোā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

 (i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation? 

      āĻŽাāϟি āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻুāϟা āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻ•োāύāĻŦোā§° āĻĻাāϝ়ী

Ans:- The two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation are- 

i) 'Temperature 

ii) Rainfall 

āĻŽাāϟি āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĻুāϟা āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›ে- 

āĻ•) 'āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া।

āĻ–) āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ। 

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today?  

( āφāϜি āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•্āώāϝ়ā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āϞিāĻ–āĻ•?  )

 Ans:- The two reason for land degradation are -

āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•্āώāϝ়ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে -

i) Land degradation today the vast changes in the land use patterns also reflect the cultural changes in our society.  '

āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•্āώāϝ় āφāϜি āĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻŦোā§°ে āφāĻŽাā§° āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻŦোā§°ো āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āϕ⧰ে। 

ii) Land degradation, landslides, soil erosion, desertification, are the major threats of land degradation. 

āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•্āώāϝ়, āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϏ্āĻ–āϞāύ, āĻŽাāϟি āĻ–āĻšāύীāϝ়া, āĻŽā§°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽিāϕ⧰āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•্āώāϝ়ā§° āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āĻ­াāĻŦুāĻ•ি। 

(iii) Why is land considered an important resources?

 āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ•িāϝ় āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

 Ans:- Land is considered as a important resources because land is among 'the most important natural resources. it covers only about thirty percent of the total area of the earth's surface and all part of this small percentage are not habitable. The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the worlds is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate. Plains and river valleys offer suitable land for agriculture. Hence, these are the densely populated areas of the world. 

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ• āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āĻ­ূāĻŽি 'āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āφāĻ›ে। āχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ ā§° āĻŽুāĻ  āĻāϞেāĻ•াā§° āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āϤ্ā§°িāĻļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻ†ā§ąā§°ি āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻāχ āϏ⧰ু āĻļāϤাংāĻļā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻŦাāϏāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āύāĻšāϝ়। āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤāϤ āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āĻŦিāϤ⧰āĻŖ āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝāϤঃ āĻ­ূāĻŽি āφ⧰ু āϜāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ুā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšāϝ়। āϏāĻŽāĻ­ূāĻŽি āφ⧰ু āύāĻĻী āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•াāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•ৃāώিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে। āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে, āĻāχāĻŦোā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϘāύ āĻŦāϏāϤিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ। 

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals. 

āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āϜীā§ą-āϜāύ্āϤু āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ে āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•। 

Ans:- The two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals are -

i) It has set up national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves for the protection of natural vegetation and wildlife

ii) It has been banded the killing of animals and cut the trees. 

i) āχ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āωāĻĻ্āϝাāύ, āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āĻ…āĻ­āϝ়াā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āϜৈā§ąāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞāϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে

ii)  āχāϝ়াāĻ• āϜāύ্āϤুāĻšāϤ্āϝা āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻ› āĻ•াāϟি āĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦেāĻŖ্āĻĄ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। 

(v) Suggest three way to conserve water. 

(v) āĻĒাāύী āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āϤিāύিāϟা āωāĻĒাāϝ়ā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়া।

 Ans:- The three way to conserve water are-

(i) Even though water is a renewable resources, its overuse and pollution make it unfit for use. 

(ii) Water harvesting is another method to save surface runoff. 

(iii) The valuable water resources can therefore be conserved by adopting these means of irrigation. 

i) āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻĒাāύী āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻ¨ā§ąীāϕ⧰āĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞে। 

ii) āĻĒাāύী āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦাāĻš ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰াā§° āφāύ āĻāϟা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি। 

iii) āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āϜāϞāϏিāĻž্āϚāύ⧰ āĻāχ āωāĻĒাāϝ়āĻŦোā§° āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āĻŽূāϞ্āĻ¯ā§ąাāύ āϜāϞāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

2) Tick the correct answer. 

āϏāĻ িāĻ• āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āϟো āϟিāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻ•। 

 (i) Which one of the following is NOT a factors of soil formation? 

āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻŽাāϟি āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āύāĻšāϝ়? 

a) TimeāϏāĻŽāϝ় )

b) soil texture  ( āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻ—াঁāĻĨāύি )

c) organic matter (āϜৈā§ąিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ )

Ans :- b) soil texture ( āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻ—াঁāĻĨāύি )

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?

āϤীāĻŦ্ā§° āĻĸাāϞāϤ āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻ–āĻšāύীāϝ়া āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ?

a) Shelters belts ( āφāĻļ্ā§°āϝ় āĻŦেāϞ্āϟ)

 b) Mulching ( āĻŽাāϞāϚিং )

c) Terrace cultivation (āϟেā§°েāϚ āĻ–েāϤি ) 

 Ans:- c) Terrace cultivation  āϟেā§°েāϚ āĻ–েāϤি 

(iii) Which  one of the following is NOT in favor of the conservation of the of nature?

āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻĒাāϤী āύāĻšāϝ়?

a) Switch off the bulb when not in use ( āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻš'āϞে āĻŦাāϞ্āĻŦāϟো āĻŦāύ্āϧ āϕ⧰āĻ• )

b) Close the tap immediately after using( āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āϟেāĻĒāϟো āĻŦāύ্āϧ āϕ⧰āĻ• )

c) Dispose polypacks  after shopping (āĻŦāϜাā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻĄি āϝ়ে āĻĒāϞিāĻĒেāĻ• āĻŦোā§° āϏ্āĻĒāϜ āϕ⧰ে )

 Ans:- Dispose polypacks  after shopping ( āĻŦāϜাā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻĄি āϝ়ে āĻĒāϞিāĻĒেāĻ• āĻŦোā§° āϏ্āĻĒāϜ āϕ⧰ে।)

 3. Match the followings: 

 i) Land use   => (c) productive use of land

āĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° => āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°

ii) Humus   => (d) organic matter deposited on top soil 

āĻšুāĻŽাāϚ          => āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āϜāĻŽা āϕ⧰া āϜৈā§ąিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ 

iii) Rocks dams => (a) prevent soil erosion 

āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāύ্āϧ        => āĻŽাāϟিāĻ–āĻšāύীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিā§°োāϧ āϕ⧰āĻ• 

iv) Biosphere => (b) narrow zone of control between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and                                                     atmosphere

āϜৈā§ąāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞ   =>  āϞিāĻĨোāϏ্āĻĢিāϝ়াā§°, āϜāϞāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖā§° āϏংāĻ•ীā§°্āĻŖ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°

                               (e) contour ploughing. 

                                      āĻ•āĻŖ্āϟৌā§° āĻšাāϞ। 

4. State whether the given statement is true or false.  

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻāϤ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāϟো āϏঁāϚা āύে āĻŽিāĻ›া āϏেāϝ়া āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।  

 (i) Ganga-Brahmaputra plains of India is an overpopulated region. 

 āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻ—ংāĻ—া-āĻŦ্ā§°āĻš্āĻŽāĻĒুāϤ্ā§° āϏāĻŽāĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāϧিāĻ• āϜāύāĻŦāϏāϤিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ। 

 Ans:- True . 

            āϏঁāϚা। 

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining. 

āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒাāύীā§° āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧāϤা āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে। 

Ans:- True.

           āϏঁāϚা। 

(iii) Rows of tress planted in the costal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.

āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়āĻŦāĻšুāϞ āĻāϞেāĻ•াāϤ ā§°োāĻĒāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āϟ্ā§°েāϛ⧰ āĻļাā§°ীāĻŦোā§°āĻ•  āφāύ্āϤঃāĻļāϏ্āϝ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।  

 Ans:- False 

          āĻŽিāĻ›া। 

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem. 

  Ans:- False 

            āĻŽিāĻ›া। 


BY ALAKESH MAHANTA  (ASSAM


Post ID: DABP001782