Chapter 4 

āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāϝ় ā§Ē

Carbon and its Compounds

āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āϝৌāĻ—āϏāĻŽূāĻš

EXERCISES

āĻŦ্⧟া⧟াāĻŽ

1. Ethane, with the molecular formula C,H, has

ā§§) C,H āφāĻŖā§ąিāĻ• āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻĨāĻ•া āχāĻĨেāύ⧰

 (a) 6 covalent bonds.

(āĻ•) ā§Ŧāϟা āϏāϏāĻ™্āĻ•েāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।

 (b) 7 covalent bonds.

(āĻ–) ā§­āϟা āϏāϏāĻ™্āĻ•েāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।

 (c) 8 covalent bonds.

(āĻ—) ā§Žāϟা āϏāϏāĻ™্āĻ•েāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।

 (d) 9 covalent bonds.

(āϘ) ⧝āϟা āϏāϏāĻ™্āĻ•েāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।

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2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group

⧍) āĻŦুāϟাāύāύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻ—োāϟ āĻĨāĻ•া āϚাā§°ি āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϝৌāĻ—

 (a) carboxylic acid.

(āĻ•) āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāĻ•্āϏিāϞিāĻ• āĻāϚিāĻĄ।

 (b) aldehyde.

(āĻ–) āĻāϞāĻĄিāĻšাāχāĻĄ।

 (c) ketone.

(āĻ—) āĻ•িāϟ’āύ।

 (d) alcohol.

(āϘ) āĻŽāĻĻ।

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3. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that

ā§Š/ ā§°āύ্āϧা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āϝāĻĻি āĻĒাāϤ্ā§°āϟোā§° āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•’āϞা āĻšৈ āφāĻšিāĻ›ে, āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻš’āϞ

 (a) the food is not cooked completely.

(āĻ•) āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ā§°āύ্āϧা āύāĻšāϝ়।

 (b) the fuel is not burning completely.

(āĻ–) āχāύ্āϧāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖā§°ূāĻĒে āϜ্āĻŦāϞি āĻĨāĻ•া āύাāχ।

 (c) the fuel is wet.

(āĻ—) āχāύ্āϧāύ āϤিāϤিāĻ›ে।

 (d) the fuel is burning completely.

(āϘ) āχāύ্āϧāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖā§°ূāĻĒে āϜ্āĻŦāϞি āφāĻ›ে।

  Ans-


4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH,Cl.

4. CH,Cl āϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āϏāϏāĻ™্āĻ•েāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

  Ans-


5. Draw the electron dot structures for

5. ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āχāϞেāĻ•্āϟ্ā§°āύ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻ—āĻ āύ āφঁāĻ•িāĻŦ

 (a) ethanoic acid.

(āĻ•) āχāĻĨাāύ’āχāĻ• āĻāϚিāĻĄ।

 (b) HS.

(āĻ–) āĻāχāϚ āĻāĻ›।

 (c) propanone.

(āĻ—) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāύāύ।

 (d) F₂

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6. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.

ā§Ŧ/ āϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻļৃংāĻ–āϞা āĻ•ি? āĻāϟা āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

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7. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?

ā§­) āχāĻĨাāύāϞ āφ⧰ু āχāĻĨাāύ’āχāĻ• āĻāϚিāĻĄā§° āĻ­ৌāϤিāĻ• āφ⧰ু ā§°াāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

 Ans-


 8. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?

ā§Ž) āĻĒাāύীāϤ āϚাāĻŦোāύ āĻŽিāĻšāϞে āĻŽাāχāϚেāϞ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•িāϝ় āĻšāϝ়? āχāĻĨাāύāϞ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĻ্āϰাā§ąāĻ•āϤো āĻŽাāχāϚেāϞ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻš’āĻŦāύে?

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 9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?

⧝) āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āϝৌāĻ—āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ­াāĻ— āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āχāύ্āϧāύ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•িāϝ় āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

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10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻĒাāύী āϚাāĻŦোāύেā§°ে āĻļোāϧāύ āϕ⧰িāϞে āĻ•ুāĻŽāϞীāϝ়া āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

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11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?

ā§§ā§§) āϞিāϟāĻŽাāĻ› āĻĒেāĻĒাā§°েā§°ে (ā§°āĻ™া āφ⧰ু āύীāϞা) āϚাāĻŦোāύ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāϞে āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ?

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12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?

⧧⧍) āĻšাāχāĻĄ্ā§°’āϜেāύেāϚāύ āĻ•ি? āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ”āĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—িāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•ি?

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13. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: CH, CH, CH, CH, and CH,.

ā§§ā§Š) āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻšাāχāĻĄ্ā§°’āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ⧰ āϏংāϝোāϜāύ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়: CH, CH, CH, CH, āφ⧰ু CH,...

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14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

ā§§ā§Ē) āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ• āϝাā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻĒৃāĻ•্āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏংāĻĒৃāĻ•্āϤ āĻšাāχāĻĄ্ā§°’āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

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15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.

ā§§ā§Ģ) āϚাāĻŦোāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰া āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

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