Chapter 4
āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় ā§Ē
Carbon and its Compounds
āĻাā§°্āĻŦāύ āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াā§° āϝৌāĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš
EXERCISES
āĻŦ্ā§াā§াāĻŽ
1. Ethane, with the molecular formula C,H, has
ā§§) C,H āĻāĻŖā§ąিāĻ āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻĨāĻা āĻāĻĨেāύ⧰
(āĻ) ā§ŦāĻা āϏāϏāĻ্āĻেāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।
(āĻ) ā§āĻা āϏāϏāĻ্āĻেāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।
(āĻ) ā§ŽāĻা āϏāϏāĻ্āĻেāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।
(āĻ) ⧝āĻা āϏāϏāĻ্āĻেāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ।
2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
⧍) āĻŦুāĻাāύāύ āĻšৈāĻে āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻā§°ী āĻোāĻ āĻĨāĻা āĻাā§°ি āĻাā§°্āĻŦāύāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϝৌāĻ
(a) carboxylic acid.
(āĻ) āĻাā§°্āĻŦāĻ্āϏিāϞিāĻ āĻāĻিāĻĄ।
(āĻ) āĻāϞāĻĄিāĻšাāĻāĻĄ।
(āĻ) āĻিāĻ’āύ।
(āĻ) āĻŽāĻĻ।
3. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
ā§Š/ ā§°āύ্āϧা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āϝāĻĻি āĻĒাāϤ্ā§°āĻোā§° āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ ংāĻļ āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ’āϞা āĻšৈ āĻāĻšিāĻে, āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤাā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻš’āϞ
(āĻ) āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ā§°āύ্āϧা āύāĻšāϝ়।
(āĻ) āĻāύ্āϧāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖā§°ূāĻĒে āĻ্āĻŦāϞি āĻĨāĻা āύাāĻ।
(āĻ) āĻāύ্āϧāύ āϤিāϤিāĻে।
(āĻ) āĻāύ্āϧāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖā§°ূāĻĒে āĻ্āĻŦāϞি āĻāĻে।
4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH,Cl.
4. CH,Cl āϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻāĻ āύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āϏāϏāĻ্āĻেāϤ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
5. Draw the electron dot structures for
5. ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāϞেāĻ্āĻ্ā§°āύ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻāĻ āύ āĻঁāĻিāĻŦ
(āĻ) āĻāĻĨাāύ’āĻāĻ āĻāĻিāĻĄ।
(āĻ) āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻ।
(āĻ) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāύāύ।
6. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
ā§Ŧ/ āϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻļৃংāĻāϞা āĻি? āĻāĻা āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ।
7. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
ā§) āĻāĻĨাāύāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĨাāύ’āĻāĻ āĻāĻিāĻĄā§° āĻৌāϤিāĻ āĻā§°ু ā§°াāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?
Ans-
8. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
ā§Ž) āĻĒাāύীāϤ āĻাāĻŦোāύ āĻŽিāĻšāϞে āĻŽাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻāĻ āύ āĻিāϝ় āĻšāϝ়? āĻāĻĨাāύāϞ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĻ্āϰাā§ąāĻāϤো āĻŽাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻāĻ āύ āĻš’āĻŦāύে?
Ans-
9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
⧝) āĻাā§°্āĻŦāύ āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াā§° āϝৌāĻāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ āĻŦেāĻিāĻাāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāύ্āϧāύ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻিāϝ় āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়?
10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻāĻ িāύ āĻĒাāύী āĻাāĻŦোāύেā§°ে āĻļোāϧāύ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻুāĻŽāϞীāϝ়া āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
ā§§ā§§) āϞিāĻāĻŽাāĻ āĻĒেāĻĒাā§°েā§°ে (ā§°āĻা āĻā§°ু āύীāϞা) āĻাāĻŦোāύ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāϞে āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°িāĻŦ?
12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
⧧⧍) āĻšাāĻāĻĄ্ā§°’āĻেāύেāĻāύ āĻি? āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻিāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ āĻি?
13. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: CH, CH, CH, CH, and CH,.
ā§§ā§Š) āϤāϞ⧰ āĻোāύāĻো āĻšাāĻāĻĄ্ā§°’āĻাā§°্āĻŦāύ⧰ āϏংāϝোāĻāύ āĻŦিāĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়: CH, CH, CH, CH, āĻā§°ু CH,...
14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
ā§§ā§Ē) āĻāĻা āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ āϝাā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻĒৃāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°ু āĻ āϏংāĻĒৃāĻ্āϤ āĻšাāĻāĻĄ্ā§°’āĻাā§°্āĻŦāύ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻাāĻŦোāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°া āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।