Unit 3

Chapter 3

Transfer of Ownership Including Sale by a Now Owner

āĻāϤিāϝ়াā§° āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϏāĻš āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰


Questions

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāϏāĻŽূāĻš

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. When is the property in goods transferred to the buyer?

1. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? 

(a) When custody of goods is given by seller to buyer (b) When possession of goods is given by seller to buyer

(c) When ownership rights of goods is given by seller to buyer (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϜিāĻŽ্āĻŽা āĻĻিāϝ়ে (āĻ–) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী ā§°āĻ–া āĻšāϝ় (āĻ—) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āĻĻিāϝ়ে (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) When ownership rights of goods is given by seller to buyer

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে

2. Who has the legal rights to transfer ownership of goods?

2. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰াā§° āφāχāύী āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻ•াā§° āφāĻ›ে? 

(a) Owner (b) Custodian (c) Possessor (d) User

(āĻ•) āĻŽাāϞিāĻ• (āĻ–) ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻ• (āĻ—) āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ী (āϘ) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°āĻ•াā§°ী

Ans: (a) Owner

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ•) āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•

3. Rule pertained in section 20 of Sale of Goods Act is applicable when :

3. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφāχāύ⧰ āϧাā§°া 20-āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•িāϤ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ āĻšāϝ় āϝেāϤিāϝ়া :

(a) There is a contract of sale of specific goods (b) Contract was an unconditional contract (c) Goods are in deliverable state (d) All of the above

(āĻ•) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›ে (āĻ–) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻāϟা āϚ⧰্āϤāĻšীāύ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›িāϞ

(āĻ—) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āĻŦিāϤ⧰āĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āφāĻ›ে (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°োāĻ•্āϤ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (d) All of the above

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

4. When does the Property in unascertained goods passes to the buyer?

4. āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়?

(a) When goods are sold (b) When goods are transferred (c) When goods are ascertained (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় (āĻ–) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় (āĻ—) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) When goods are ascertained

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়


FILL IN THE BLANKS

āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. Risk in goods is the liability of .............of goods. [user/owner]

1. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻাāĻļংāĻ•া āĻšৈāĻ›ে ...... āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§°। [āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°āĻ•াā§°ী/āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•]

Ans: (1) owner

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (1) āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী

2. A person who is not owner of goods.............sell.. [can/cannot]

2. āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϝি āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āύāĻšāϝ়... .... āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰āĻ•।।   [āϕ⧰িāĻŦ/āύোā§ąাā§°ে]

Ans: (2) cannot

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (2) āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি

3. "No man can pass a better ............than he himself has" [Title/document]

3. "āĻ•োāύো āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒাā§° āĻš'āĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে ....... āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āύিāϜ⧰ āϤুāϞāύাāϤ" [āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ/āĻĻāϏ্āϤাāĻŦেāϜ]

Ans: (3) Title

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ

TRUE/FALSE

āϏāϤ্āϝ/āĻŽিāĻ›া

1. One of the joint owner of goods, cannot sell goods with consent of all other owners

1. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϝুāϟীāϝ়া āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীā§° āĻāϜāύে āφāύ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŽাāϞিāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤিāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে

Ans: (1) False

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (1) āĻŽিāĻ›া

2. Liability for risk of loss is concurrent with property rights

2. āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻাāĻļংāĻ•াā§° āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻ•ে। 

Ans: (2) True

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (⧍) āϏঁāϚা


3. Goods sold on return basis is a conditional sale

3. ā§°িāϟাā§°্āĻŖ āφāϧাā§°āϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āϚ⧰্āϤāϏাāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী

Ans: (3) True

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āϏঁāϚা

SHORT QUESTIONS

āϚāĻŽু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Differentiate between ownership of goods and possession of goods.

1. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•। 

Ans:


2. How is the property in goods transferred to the buyer?

2. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:


3. Explain the effect of transfer of property

3. āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•

Ans:

4. Explain the law, "risk follows property" with its exceptions.

4. āφāχāύāĻ–āύ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽā§° āϏৈāϤে "āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻাāĻļংāĻ•া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে"।

Ans:

5. What is unconditional appropriation of goods?

5. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϚ⧰্āϤāĻšীāύ āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•ি?

Ans:

6. Who can sell the goods?

ā§Ŧ. āĻ•োāύে āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Ans:

7. What is meant by reservation of the right of disposal?

ā§­. āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ ā§°āĻ–াā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Ans:

8. Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state, but the seller is yet to weigh the goods in order to ascertain price, when does property in goods pass to the buyer?

8. āĻŦিāϤ⧰āĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•'āϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ“āϜāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāχ, āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:

9. Does the time of payment of price or the time of delivery of goods prevent the passing of property in goods from the seller to the buyer?

9. āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāϤ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āχ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻিāϝ়ে āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:


10. When does property in an unconditional contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state pass to the buyer?

10. āĻŦিāϤ⧰āĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ ā§°াāϜ্āϝāϤ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚ⧰্āϤāĻšীāύ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:


11. Who is a merchantile agent?

ā§§ā§§. āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ী āĻāϜেāĻŖ্āϟ āĻ•োāύ?

Ans:

12. Does the buyer get a good title if the goods are sold to him by a merchantile agent who has no authority to sell the goods?

12. āϝāĻĻি āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ী āĻāϜেāĻŖ্āϟে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰ে āϝাā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ•োāύো āϕ⧰্āϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āύাāχ āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ­াāϞ āωāĻĒাāϧি āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰ে āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:

13. When can one of the several joint owners sell the goods?

ā§§ā§Š. āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϜāύো āϝুāϟীāϝ়া āĻŽাāϞিāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻāϜāύে āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Ans:

LONG QUESTIONS

āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. "Nemo Det Quod Non Habet" (No one can give who possesses not). Comment, giving exceptions if any to this rule, as also suitable illustrations.

1. "āύিāĻŽো āĻĄেāϟ āĻ•ুāĻĄ āύāύ āĻšাāĻŦেāϟ" (āĻ•োāύেāĻ“ āĻĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে āĻ•াā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āύাāχ)। āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•, āϝāĻĻি āĻāχ āύিāϝ়āĻŽā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϞāĻ—āϤে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ।

Ans:

2. When may a seller give a better title to the buyer than he himself has in the goods sold? What is the rule of the market overt? Does it apply in India?

2. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āĻšোā§ąা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āύিāϜে āĻĨāĻ•াāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ­াāϞ āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে? āĻŦāϜাā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•āϟ⧰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻ•ি? āĻāχāϟো āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝোāϜ্āϝ āύেāĻ•ি?

Ans:

3. Describe the rules relating to passing of property in the sale of goods.

3. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻĒাāĻ› āϕ⧰া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ীāϝ় āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

4. Explain the circumstances under which sale of goods by non-owners is valid.

4. āĻ…-āĻŽাāϞিāϕ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āĻŦৈāϧ āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻŦৈāϧ āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

5. What are unascertained goods? When does property pass in a contract for the sale of such goods?

ā§Ģ. āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āφāĻ›ে? āĻāύে āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āωāϤ্āϤীā§°্āĻŖ āĻšāϝ়?

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6. When does the property in the goods sold pass from the seller to the buyer?

6. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়?

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7. The general rule is that no seller of goods can give the buyer of goods a better title to the goods than he himself has. Explain, are there any exceptions to it?

7. āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āϟো āĻš'āϞ āϝে āĻ•োāύো āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āύিāϜ⧰ āϤুāϞāύাāϤ āĻ­াāϞ āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āφāĻ›ে āύেāĻ•ি?

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8. State and explain the cases in which a buyer acquires a better title over the goods purchased than that of a seller when the goods are a sold by a non-owner?

8. āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ…-āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰ে āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°āϝ় āϕ⧰া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϤুāϞāύাāϤ āĻ­াāϞ āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰া āϘāϟāύাāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•?

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9. When may a non-owner of goods validly transfer the title of the goods to another person under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930?

9. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφāχāύ, 1930-ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ…-āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻŦৈāϧāĻ­াā§ąে āφāύ āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϞৈ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

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Post Id: DABP003661

Edit By- Jatin Nath