Chapter 10
Remedies for Breach of Contract
āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻংāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাā§°
Questions
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Breach means :-
ā§§/ āĻংāĻ āĻŽাāύে :- (a) Non performance (b) When performance becomes impossible due to act of party (c) Party intentionally refuses to perform (d) All of the above
(āĻ) āĻ āĻĒাā§°āĻĢā§°āĻŽেāύ্āϏ (āĻ) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ą āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে (āĻ) āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻৃāϤāĻাā§ąে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āϏ্āĻŦীāĻাā§° āĻā§°ে (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°
Ans: (d) All of the above
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°
2. Quantum Merut is the remedy for ______.
⧍/ āĻোā§ąাāĻŖ্āĻাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ ______ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাā§°। (a) All contracts (b) Express contracts (c) Quasi contracts (d) Implied contracts
(āĻ) āϏāĻāϞো āĻুāĻ্āϤি (āĻ) āĻāĻ্āϏāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤি (āĻ) āĻ ā§°্āϧ āĻুāĻ্āϤি (āĻ) āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āύিāĻšিāϤ āĻুāĻ্āϤি
Ans: (c) Quasi contracts
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻ ā§°্āϧ āĻুāĻ্āϤি
3. Injunction is order issued by ______.
ā§Š/ āύিāώেāϧাāĻ্āĻা āĻšৈāĻে ______ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻাā§°ি āĻā§°া āĻāĻĻেāĻļ।
(a) Court of law (b) Indian Contract Act
(c) Department (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤ (āĻ) āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻāύ (āĻ) āĻŦিāĻাāĻ (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (a) Court of law
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤ
4. Specific Performance orders the party to ______ his part of obligation in a contract.
ā§Ē) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύে āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻāĻা āĻুāĻ্āϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤাā§° āĻ ংāĻļ ______ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে। (a) Avoid (b) Compensate (c) Perform (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻĒā§°িāĻšাā§° āĻā§°āĻ (āĻ) āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ (āĻ) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻā§°া (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) (āĻ) āĻā§°ু (āĻ) āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা
5. Vindictive damages are also called as:-
ā§Ģ/ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļোāϧāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖāĻ āĻāύেāĻĻā§°েāĻ āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়:- (a) Exemplary Damages (b) Punitive Damages (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
(āĻ) āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļāĻāϤ āĻ্āώāϤি (āĻ) āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ্āώāϤি (āĻ) (āĻ) āĻā§°ু (āĻ) āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা (āĻ) (āĻ) āĻŦা (āĻ) āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা āύāĻšāϝ়।
6. Nominal damages are awarded in case of a :-
ā§Ŧ) āύাāĻŽāĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ় :-
(a) No loss situation (b) Major loss situation (c) Substantial loss situation (d) None of the above
(āĻ) āĻোāύো āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āĻ) āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āĻ) āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়
Ans: (a) No loss situation
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ) āĻোāύো āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āύাāĻ FILL IN THE BLANKS
āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ 1. Special damages are awarded on account of _____ circumstances affecting the aggrieved party. (ordinary/unusal)
ā§§) āĻ্āώāϤিāĻ্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°া _____ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়। (āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ/āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ)
Ans: (1) unsual
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাā§ąিāĻ
2. Punitive damages are awarded to _______ the wrong does. (compensate/punish)
⧍/ āĻুāϞ āĻā§°িāϞে _______āĻ āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। (āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ/āĻļাāϏ্āϤি)
Ans: (2) punish
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া
3. Penalty is ______ amount fixed to intimidate the parties to perform. (exhorbitant/reasonable)
ā§Š/ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻš’āϞ āĻĒāĻ্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϝ় āĻুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া ______ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ। (āĻ āϤিāĻļāϝ়āĻāύāĻ/āϝুāĻ্āϤিāϝুāĻ্āϤ)
Ans: (3) exhorbitant
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻ āϤিāĻļāϝ় āĻŦেāĻি
4. Liquidated damages are a genuine ________ of the loss of the parties. (estimate/pre-estimate)
ā§Ē/ āϞিāĻুāĻāĻĄেāĻেāĻĄ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻে āĻĒāĻ্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ ________। (āĻāύুāĻŽাāύিāĻ/āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦ-āĻāύুāĻŽাāύিāĻ)
Ans: (4) pre-estimate āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦ āĻ āύুāĻŽাāύ
TRUE/FALSE
āϏঁāĻা/āĻŽিāĻা 1. Damages are always awarded on the fundamental principle of restitution.
ā§§/ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āύীāϤিā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (1) True
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāĻা
2. The purpose of the damage is penalise the party and not to compensate.
⧍/ āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻে āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻā§°ু āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (2) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻŽিāĻা
3. General damages are awarded on account of unusal circumstances.
ā§Š/ āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাā§ąিāĻ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (3) False
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻা
4. No compensation is given for remote losses.
ā§Ē/ āĻĻূā§°ৈā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻšোā§ąা āϞোāĻāĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻোāύো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ়।
Ans: (4) True
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āϏঁāĻা
SHORT QUESTIONS
āĻুāĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Write a short note on:
ā§§/ āĻāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻা āĻāĻŽু āĻোāĻা āϞিāĻা: (a) Quantum Meruit (b) Injunction (c) Restitution
(d) Specific Performance
(āĻ) āĻোā§ąাāĻŖ্āĻাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāĻāĻ (āĻ) āύিāώেāϧাāĻ্āĻা (āĻ) āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ (āĻ) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ
Ans:
2. When is the remedy of damages available to an aggrieved party?
⧍/ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻ্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাā§° āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ?
Ans:
3. What is the difference between General and Special Damages?
ā§Š/ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°ু āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻি?
Ans:
4. Differentiate between penalty and liquidated damages.
ā§Ē/ āĻā§°িāĻŽāύা āĻā§°ু āϞিāĻুāĻāĻĄেāĻেāĻĄ āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻā§°া।
Ans:
LONG QUESTIONS
āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Explain the kinds of damages.
ā§§/ āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦুāĻাāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া।
Ans:
2. Explain in detail the principles for determining the measure of damages.
⧍) āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύীāϤিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāϤংāĻাā§ąে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
3. What remedies are available to an aggrieved party for the breach of the contract?
ā§Š/ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻংāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻোāύো āĻ্āώāϤিāĻ্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻি āĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāĻে?
Ans:
ā§Ē/ "āĻ্āώāϤি āĻ্āώāϤিā§° āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻāϞংāĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύāĻšāϝ়"। āĻāϞংāĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāĻোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
Ans:
ā§Ģ/ ‘āϞিāĻুāĻāĻĄেāĻেāĻĄ āĻĄেāĻŽেāĻāύāĻ’ āĻā§°ু ‘āĻĒেāύাāϞ্āĻি’ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻি? āĻ āϝুāĻ্āϤিāĻā§° āĻš’āϞেāĻ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāύে?
Ans:
6. Under what circumstances is a party entitled to specific performance?
ā§Ŧ) āĻি āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻোāύো āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻā§°্āĻŽāĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§°ী?
Ans:
ā§) āϝāĻĻি āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύāϤেāĻ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻুāĻ্āϤি āĻāϞংāĻা āĻā§°া āĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āϤাāϤ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϧāύ⧰াāĻļি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে?
Ans:
8. When does a claim on quantum meruit arise? ā§Ž/ āĻোā§ąাāĻŖ্āĻাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāĻā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻāϤ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻšāϝ়?
Ans:
Post ID : DABP003520