Chapter 10

Remedies for Breach of Contract

āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ­ংāĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§°

Questions

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Breach means :-

ā§§/ āĻ­ংāĻ— āĻŽাāύে :- (a) Non performance (b) When performance becomes impossible due to act of party (c) Party intentionally refuses to perform (d) All of the above

(āĻ•) āĻ…āĻĒাā§°āĻĢā§°āĻŽেāύ্āϏ (āĻ–) āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒāĻ•্āώ⧰ āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°ে (āĻ—) āĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰ে (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°

Ans: (d) All of the above

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°


2. Quantum Merut is the remedy for ______.

⧍/ āĻ•োā§ąাāĻŖ্āϟাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāϤ ______ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§°। (a) All contracts (b) Express contracts (c) Quasi contracts (d) Implied contracts

(āĻ•) āϏāĻ•āϞো āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āĻāĻ•্āϏāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ› āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) āĻ…ā§°্āϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āϘ) āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āύিāĻšিāϤ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

Ans: (c) Quasi contracts

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ—) āĻ…ā§°্āϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

3. Injunction is order issued by ______.

ā§Š/ āύিāώেāϧাāϜ্āĻžা āĻšৈāĻ›ে ______ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϜাā§°ি āϕ⧰া āφāĻĻেāĻļ।

(a) Court of law (b) Indian Contract Act

(c) Department (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ (āĻ–) āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāχāύ (āĻ—) āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ— (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) Court of law

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ

4. Specific Performance orders the party to ______ his part of obligation in a contract.

ā§Ē) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύে āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻāϟা āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻ•āϤাā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ ______ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে। (a) Avoid (b) Compensate (c) Perform (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āĻĒā§°িāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰āĻ• (āĻ–) āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ• (āĻ—) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰া (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ—) (āĻ•) āφ⧰ু (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা


5. Vindictive damages are also called as:-

ā§Ģ/ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļোāϧāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖāĻ• āĻāύেāĻĻā§°েāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়:- (a) Exemplary Damages (b) Punitive Damages (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(āĻ•) āφāĻĻā§°্āĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻ•্āώāϤি (āĻ–) āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•্āώāϤি (āĻ—) (āĻ•) āφ⧰ু (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা (āϘ) (āĻ•) āĻŦা (āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āύāĻšāϝ়।

6. Nominal damages are awarded in case of a :-

ā§Ŧ) āύাāĻŽāĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় :-

(a) No loss situation (b) Major loss situation (c) Substantial loss situation (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āĻ•োāύো āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āĻ–) āĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āĻ—) āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (a) No loss situation

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (āĻ•) āĻ•োāύো āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āύাāχ FILL IN THE BLANKS

āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• 1. Special damages are awarded on account of _____ circumstances affecting the aggrieved party. (ordinary/unusal)

ā§§) āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āϕ⧰া _____ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। (āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ/āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ)

Ans: (1) unsual

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (ā§§) āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ•

2. Punitive damages are awarded to _______ the wrong does. (compensate/punish)

⧍/ āĻ­ুāϞ āϕ⧰িāϞে _______āĻ• āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। (āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ/āĻļাāϏ্āϤি)

Ans: (2) punish

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া

3. Penalty is ______ amount fixed to intimidate the parties to perform. (exhorbitant/reasonable)

ā§Š/ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻš’āϞ āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ­āϝ় āĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া ______ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ। (āĻ…āϤিāĻļāϝ়āϜāύāĻ•/āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻ•্āϤ)

Ans: (3) exhorbitant

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻ…āϤিāĻļāϝ় āĻŦেāĻ›ি


4. Liquidated damages are a genuine ________ of the loss of the parties. (estimate/pre-estimate)

ā§Ē/ āϞিāĻ•ুāχāĻĄেāϟেāĻĄ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻĒāĻ•্āώāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ ________। (āφāύুāĻŽাāύিāĻ•/āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦ-āφāύুāĻŽাāύিāĻ•)

Ans: (4) pre-estimate āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦ āĻ…āύুāĻŽাāύ


TRUE/FALSE

āϏঁāϚা/āĻŽিāĻ›া 1. Damages are always awarded on the fundamental principle of restitution.

ā§§/ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āύীāϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (1) True

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§§) āϏঁāϚা


2. The purpose of the damage is penalise the party and not to compensate.

⧍/ āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (2) False

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (⧍) āĻŽিāĻ›া

3. General damages are awarded on account of unusal circumstances.

ā§Š/ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (3) False

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Š) āĻŽিāĻ›া

4. No compensation is given for remote losses.

ā§Ē/ āĻĻূā§°ৈā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻšোā§ąা āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύāĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (4) True

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ঃ (ā§Ē) āϏঁāϚা


SHORT QUESTIONS

āϚুāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Write a short note on:

ā§§/ āĻāχ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϟা āϚāĻŽু āϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া: (a) Quantum Meruit (b) Injunction (c) Restitution

(d) Specific Performance

(āĻ•) āĻ•োā§ąাāĻŖ্āϟাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāχāϟ (āĻ–) āύিāώেāϧাāϜ্āĻžা (āĻ—) āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ (āϘ) āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ

Ans:

2. When is the remedy of damages available to an aggrieved party?

⧍/ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§° āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ?

Ans:

3. What is the difference between General and Special Damages?

ā§Š/ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ি?

Ans:

4. Differentiate between penalty and liquidated damages.

ā§Ē/ āϜ⧰িāĻŽāύা āφ⧰ু āϞিāĻ•ুāχāĻĄেāϟেāĻĄ āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

LONG QUESTIONS

āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Explain the kinds of damages.

ā§§/ āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া।

Ans:

2. Explain in detail the principles for determining the measure of damages.

⧍) āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύীāϤিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāϤংāĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

3. What remedies are available to an aggrieved party for the breach of the contract?

ā§Š/ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ­ংāĻ—ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āφāĻ›ে?

Ans:

4. "The damages are given as compensation for the loss suffered and not to punish for breach". Discuss the statement explaining the remedy of damages for breach.

ā§Ē/ "āĻ•্āώāϤি āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āωāϞংāϘাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύāĻšāϝ়"। āωāϞংāϘাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāϟোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।

Ans:

5. What is the distinction between 'liquidated damages' and 'penalty'. Can a penalty be imposed even if it is unreasonable?

ā§Ģ/ ‘āϞিāĻ•ুāχāĻĄেāϟেāĻĄ āĻĄেāĻŽেāχāύāĻ›’ āφ⧰ু ‘āĻĒেāύাāϞ্āϟি’ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ি? āĻ…āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϕ⧰ āĻš’āϞেāĻ“ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāύে?

Ans:

6. Under what circumstances is a party entitled to specific performance?

ā§Ŧ) āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰্āĻŽāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ী?

Ans:

7. If the damages are fixed in the contract itself, can the party in breach of the contract be bound to pay full amount mentioned therein?

ā§­) āϝāĻĻি āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύāϤেāχ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāύ্āϤে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āωāϞংāϘা āϕ⧰া āĻĒāĻ•্āώāχ āϤাāϤ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϧāύ⧰াāĻļি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে?

Ans:

8. When does a claim on quantum meruit arise? ā§Ž/ āĻ•োā§ąাāĻŖ্āϟাāĻŽ āĻŽেā§°ুāϟ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻĻাāĻŦী āωāϤ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻšāϝ়?

Ans:



Post ID : DABP003520