Unit 3

Chapter 1

Contract of Sale of Goods

āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

Questions:

āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāϏāĻŽূāĻš:

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Which of the following is called as an absolute contract of sale?

1. āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟোāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়? 

(a) Where seller transfers possession of goods to buyer (b) Where seller transfers ownership of goods to buyer

(c) Where seller transfers custody of goods to buyers

(d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āϝ'āϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻĻāĻ–āϞ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰ে (āĻ–) āϝ'āϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰ে (āĻ—) āϝ'āϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϜিāĻŽ্āĻŽা āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰ে (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (b) Where seller transfers ownership of goods to buyer

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ–) āϝ'āϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰ে

2. An agreement to sell is also called as ?

2. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻāϟাāĻ• āĻāύেāĻĻā§°েāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়?

(a) Absolute Sale (b) Valid Contract of Sale (c) Conditional Sale (d) None of the above

(āĻ•) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী (āĻ–) āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦৈāϧ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ—) āϚ⧰্āϤāϏাāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (c) Conditional Sale

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āϚ⧰্āϤāϏাāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী


3. The subject matter of contract of sale is ?

3. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীāϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻšৈāĻ›ে? (a) Contract (b) Documents (c) Ownership Rights (d) Goods

(āĻ•) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āύāĻĨিāĻĒāϤ্ā§° (āĻ—) āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•ীāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦāĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° (āϘ) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

Ans: (d) Goods

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āϘ) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী


4. Which of the following is not a good as per Sale of Goods Act, 1930 ?

4. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφāχāύ, 1930 āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ­াāϞ āύāĻšāϝ়? (a) Power (b) Water (c) Gas (d) Lottery Tickets (e) Electronic TV signals (f) None of the above

(āĻ•) āĻļāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āĻĒাāύী

(āĻ—) āĻ—েāĻ› (āϘ) āϞāϟাā§°ী āϟিāĻ•āϟ

(āĻ™) āχāϞেāĻ•্āϟ্ā§°āύিāĻ• āϟিāĻ­ি āϏংāĻ•েāϤ (āϚ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (f) None of the above

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āϚ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

5. Goods which are yet to be acquired or produced in future by the seller are called as ?

5. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āφāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়?

(a) Existing goods (b) Contingent goods (c) Future goods (d) Ascertained goods

(āĻ•) āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী (āĻ–) āφāĻ•āϏ্āĻŽিāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

(āĻ—) āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী (āϘ) āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰া āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

Ans: (c) Future goods

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āĻ—) āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

6. What is the con

6. āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻž্āϚāĻ• āĻ•ি

sequence, if the subject matter of contract of sale is dectroyed before making the contract?

āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ, āϝāĻĻি āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϕ⧰াā§° āφāĻ—āϤে āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻĄিāĻ•্āϟ্ā§°āϝ় āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? (a) Void Agreement (b) Void-ab-initio (c) Void contract (d) None of above

(āĻ•) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āĻ–) āĻŦাāϤিāϞ-āĻāĻŦ-āχāύিāϟিāĻ…'

(āĻ—) āĻļূāύ্āϝ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

Ans: (d) None of above

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

FILL IN THE BLANKS

āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•

1. In a contract of sale .......... is only money. (Consideration/return)

1. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ.... āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āϟāĻ•া। (āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা/āϘূā§°াāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া)

Ans: (1) Consideration

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (1) āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা


2. In an agreement to sell, ........ in goods is transferred to the buyer in future. (Property/Possession)

2. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ, ... āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি/āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°)

Ans: (2) Property

 āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (2) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি   

3. A contract of sale is an ............ contract. (executory/executed)

3. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϟা ......... āϚুāĻ•্āϤি। (āĻāĻ•্āϏিāĻ•িāωāϟ⧰ী/āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী)

Ans: (3) executed

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে


4. Contract of sale gives Rights in............ to the buyer. (REM/PERSONAM)

4. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীāϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে... ... āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāĻ•। (āφ⧰āχāĻāĻŽ/āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ)

Ans: (4) REM

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (4) āφ⧰ āχ āĻāĻŽ


TRUE/FALSE  āϏāϤ্āϝ/āĻŽিāĻ›া 1. Agreement to sell is an executory contract

1. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•্āϏিāĻ•িāωāϟ⧰ী āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

Ans: (1) True

2. A hire purchaser stands in a position of Bailee.

2. āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াā§°া āĻ•্ā§°েāϤা āĻŦেāχāϞীā§° āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšāϝ়।

Ans: (2) True

3. When goods perish after forming an agreement to sell, but before sale is effected, the agreement is void-ab-initio.

3. āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§° āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻšোā§ąাā§° āφāĻ—āϤে, āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻļূāύ্āϝ-āĻāĻŦ-āχāύিāϟিāĻ…।

Ans: (3) False

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (3) āĻŽিāĻ›া

SHORT QUESTIONS

āϚāĻŽু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 1. Define the following:

1. āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤāĻŦোā§° āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

(a) Contract of sale (b) Goods (c) Future Goods (d) Existing Goods (e) Contingent Goods (f) Agreement to Sell

(āĻ•) āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

(āĻ–) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

(āĻ—) āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

(āϘ) āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

(āĻ™) āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻ•āϏ্āĻŽিāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী (āϚ) āϚুāĻ•্āϤি

Ans:

2. Differentiate between contract of sale and Agreement to sell.

2. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:


3. Differentiate between absolute sale and conditional sale.

3. āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφ⧰ু āϚ⧰্āϤāϏাāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

4. Can a person sell goods to himself?

ā§Ē. āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?

Ans:

5. Explain the modes of ascertainment of price of goods under Sale of Goods Act, 1930.

5. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφāχāύ, 1930-ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

6. Differentiate between sale and a hire purchase agreement.

6. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφ⧰ু āĻ­াāĻĄ়া āĻ•্ā§°āϝ় āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

7. Explain the steps in formation of a contract.

7. āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

8. Explain the kinds of goods.

8. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

LONG QUESTIONS

āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Explain the nature of a contract of sale of goods and bring out clearly the distinction between a sale and an agreement to sell.

1. āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϕ⧰াā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াā§ąে āωāϞিāϝ়াāχ āφāύিāĻŦ।

Ans:

2. Distinguish between a sale and a hire-purchase agreement.

2. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āφ⧰ু āĻ­াāĻĄ়া-āĻ•্ā§°āϝ় āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

3. What is the effect of destruction of specific goods on a contract of sale?

3. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?

Ans:

4. How is price fixed in a contract of sale? If the price is not determined by the parties, what price, if any. is the buyer liable to pay ? formalities of such a contract with

4. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীāϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āϝāĻĻি āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϟো āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻŦোā§°ে āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āύāϕ⧰ে, āĻ•ি āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ, āϝāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ•্ā§°েāϤাāχ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āύেāĻ•ি? āĻāύে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āφāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ•āϤা

Ans:

5. How is a contract of sale made? State briefly the necessary illustrations.

5. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans:

6. Define the term 'goods'. What are the different types of goods?

6. 'āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟো āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•। āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻ•ি?

Ans:


7. Write short notes on: (a) Goods, (b) Document of title to goods, (c) Earnest Money.

7. āϚāĻŽু āϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–āĻ•: (āĻ•) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী, (āĻ–) āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽā§° āĻĻāϏ্āϤাāĻŦেāϜ, (āĻ—) āφ⧰্āύেāώ্āϟ āĻŽাāύি।

Ans:

8. State the rules as to the ascertainment of price in a contract of sale.

8. āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϤ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Ans: