Geography of India
1. What is the total length of the coastline of India?
Answer: The total length of India's coastline is about 6,100 km.
2. What is the total length of India's land border?
Answer: India has a total land border of 15,200 km.
3. Write a brief description of the territory of India.
Answer: India covers an area of 3,214 km north-south and 2,933 km east-west. With the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Arabian Sea to the west and the Indian Ocean to the south, India has a coastline of about 6,100 km. Many ports have been developed in this coastal area. Like long coastlines, India's territory also forms land borders with its neighboring countries. India shares a total land border of 15,200 km with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north, China to the east, Myanmar and Bangladesh to the southeast.
4. Write down the four main differences between the rivers of North India and South India.
Answer: The four main differences between the rivers of North India and South India are:
1) High, medium and low speeds of rivers in North India - These three speeds are clearly visible, but these three speeds are not clearly visible in the case of rivers in South India.
2) The rivers of North India are new and many large cities have been built on their banks. The rivers of South India, on the other hand, are not new and therefore no large cities have been built on their banks.
3) The river basins of North India are densely populated due to being sedimentary and fertile, but the river basins of South India are not so fertile. Therefore, the population is sparse.
4. The rivers of North India are longer and have extensive bay islands in their estuaries. However, the rivers of South India are relatively short and some of them have formed small islands in their estuaries.
5. What are the geographical divisions of India?
Answer: India can be divided into four geographical divisions based on its geographical structure and characteristics. They are:
a) Northern Himalayan Mountains
b) The plains of northern India
c) Southern Plateau Region
d) Coastal region
In addition, the islands of India in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea can be considered as separate geographical groups.
6. Write the characteristics of the Himalayan mountain range in northern India.
Answer: The characteristics of the Himalayan region of North India are as follows:
The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. This mountain has many peaks. These mountain ranges extend beyond India to Nepal, Bhutan and China. The high peaks of the Himalayas are covered with snow. This ice forms snow rivers. There are numerous such snow rivers in the Himalayan region.
7. Write down the characteristics of the plains of northern India.
Answer: The characteristics of the plains of northern India are as follows:
The width of this plain varies from place to place. The plain slopes south and is densely populated due to its fertile soil. The plain covers an area of 1.75 lakh sq km. The plain is populated and agriculturally advanced due to its fertile soil and easy transportation.
8. Write the characteristics of the Southern Plateau region.
Answer: The characteristics of the Southern Plateau region are that it is triangular in shape. This plateau area consists of old hard rock. The Southern Plateau is high towards the Western Ghats and flat and sloping towards the Eastern Ghats respectively. According to this slope, almost all the rivers of southern India flow from west to east and flow into the Bay of Bengal.
9. State the characteristics of coastal areas.
Answer: The characteristics of the coast area are as follows -
The coastal plains of India are long and steep. It is made up of plains and islands formed by all the major rivers of South India. It is therefore wider and more fertile than the west coast. There are three lakes on the coast namely Silka, Kolar and Polikot.
10. Write the climatic characteristics of India.
Answer: India is a vast country. The major climte components such as temperature, air pressure, wind and humidity vary from region to region in the country. Therefore, the country experiences a variety of climates. The climate varies mainly depending on the size of the country, its distance from the equator and the monsoon winds. Climates vary from latitude to latitude due to differences in temperature. The territory of India consists of mountains, plateaus, deserts and plains. Such topography has brought about the difference in elevation between the places. Even though they are located at the same latitude, the temperature, air pressure, rainfall, and humidity vary due to differences in altitude. As a result, the climate also varies.
11. Write a note on the effects of monsoon winds in India.
Answer: The climate of India is heavily influenced by monsoon winds. Monsoon winds blow in different seasons of the year, especially summer and winter. The southwest monsoon blows in summer and the northeast monsoon winds in winter. The southwest monsoon winds flow over the Arabian Sea and enter India. This wind is called the southwest monsoon as it comes from the southwest. The wind, which carries large amounts of water vapor from the Arabian Sea, first intercepts the Western Ghats. Then it rises, cools, and rains. Thus, the coasts of Kankan and Malwa in the west coast region receive more than 300 cm of rainfall per annum. Part of this air crosses the Western Ghats and moves towards the Bay of Bengal. As it passes over the Bay of Bengal, it again absorbs more water vapor and enters Assam and the North East. These winds are interrupted in the Meghalaya Plateau and cause heavy rains. Thus, Cherrapunji in Meghalaya receives about 1250 cm of rainfall annually. This south-western monsoon causes heavy rains in Assam and the southern Himalayas. As the northeast monsoon advances over the Bay of Bengal, it absorbs some water vapour. When these winds containing water vapor hit the Eastern Ghats, rain falls on the east coast of India, especially on the Karamandal coast. Rains caused by monsoon winds increase crop yields and improve agriculture.
12. Give an overview of the rainfall distribution in India.
Answer: Rainfall distribution is not uniform all over India. Distribution of Average Annual Rainfall in India Most of the rainfall occurs in the southern part of the Himalayas in the North East, the southern part of the Meghalaya Plateau and the western slopes of the Western Ghats. The outer Himalayan region of Arunachal Pradesh receives heavy rains. In contrast, the Thar Desert and adjacent areas in Rajasthan receive an average of less than 50 cm of rainfall per annum. However, rainfall is moderate in the plains of northern India including the Brahmaputra plain.
13. Write down the categories into which the plants of India are divided.
Answer: The plants of India can be generally divided into six categories. Evergreen plants, seasonal plants, thorny desert plants, herbaceous plants, bay-island plants and mountain plants.
14. What are the characteristics of the evergreen plants of India?
Answer: Evergreen forests are usually a collection of tall trees. Such forests have created dense forests. Its trees grow up to 45 m tall. In addition to tall trees, cane, bamboo, coconut and creeper pressure plants are also found. They do not shed their leaves at any season of the year. The forest contains many valuable trees like bamboo, sandalwood and rubber.
15. Write the characteristics of the mountain plants of India.
Answer: The characteristics of the mountain vegetation of India are as follows -
There are many valuable trees including shal trees. Bamboo plants are common in this area. Broad-leaved oaks and simple evergreens are found in the mountainous regions of 1,000 m to 2,000 m immediately north. In the mountainous regions of the North East, however, simple trees are more common. In addition, there are forests of various species of simple trees including cedar in the Himalayas of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Northern Region, Darjeeling and Sikkim at an altitude of 1,600 m to 3,000 m.
16. What is the current population of India? What is its density?
Answer: India currently has a population of 1,210,726,9 The density is 382 people per square kilometre.
17. How many types of migration and what are they?
Answer: Population migration is divided into internal migration and external migration. Internal migration occurring in India can be divided into inter-state migration and intra-state migration.
18. Is India affected by population migration?
Answer: The migration effects are far-reaching. Migration, especially international migration, is one of the major problems in India. Migration has brought about significant changes in the social, economic, environmental and political spheres of the country. Some of the special effects of migration are given below:
a) Migration has increased the ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity of the country and has resulted in the development of a colorful culture.
b) Migration has changed the economic sector of the country and expanded trade.
c) Migration has changed the demographics of the country and its various regions. Migration has changed population growth, density, and literacy rates.
d) Migration has directly contributed to the population growth of the country. Population growth has caused various problems in the country. There is too much pressure on the country’s land resources, forest and wetland ecosystems are being disrupted and there are problems in the health and education sectors along with employment problems.
e) Religious and social conflicts sometimes arising as a result of migration can lead to social and political problems.
f) Migrants are sometimes stressed by not being able to adjust to new places and societies.
g) Migration has led to the development of some slum areas, especially in urban areas. The urban environment is polluted due to unhealthy environment in such slum areas.
19. Write down the main characteristics of the Indian economy.
Answer: The main characteristics of the Indian economy are:
(a) Low per capita income
(b) Slow growth in per capita income
(c) Excessive population pressure
(d) Poverty
(e) Agriculture - dependence
(f) Increased unemployment and
(g) Planned development.
(22) What are the Union Territories of India?
Answer: The Union Territories of India are:
1) Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
2) Chandigarh,
3) Delhi
4) Dadra and Nagar Haveli,
5) Daman and Dew ,
6) Lakshadweep,
7) Pondicherry.
22. Write down the present states of India and what are their names.
Answer: There are currently 29 states in India and they are Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Orissa Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
23. What is the latest state of India? What is its total area and population?
Answer: Telangana is the recently formed state of India. It has a total area of 1,14,840 sq km. Its population=3,52,00,0
Editing By:- lipi Medhi
