Chapter 3.3
Question 2.
Word Building.
(a) Reduplication : The root/stem of a word is repeated exactly the same or with a slight change.
For example,
tweet-tweet,
pitter-patter,
chit-chat,
bang-bang,
riff-raff.
Answer: (a) Reduplication : bow-wow; hee-haw; cheep! cheep; chomp-chomp; ping-pong
(b) Blending : Parts of two or more words combine to form a new one.
For example,
breakfast + lunch = brunch
smoke + fog = smog
motor + hotel = motel
Answer: (b) Blending : bionic, carjack, Chunnel, cineplex, cyborg, emoticon, infotainment, internet, liger (lion + tiger), netizen, telethon, vidiot, workaholic
(c) Clipping : Reducing a word to one of its syllables or a part of it.
For example, l Mathematics – Maths
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Laboratory – Lab
Answer: (c) Clipping : exam, gym (gymnasium), ‘flu (influenza), gas (gasoline), memo (memorandum)
(d) Acronym : Words formed from the first letter of each of the words involved.
For example, l radar, scuba, Unicef, Nasa
BBC, CID, USA, ATM, VIP
DOB, KYC, PM, GN, TY etc.
Answer: (d) Acronym : laser, CD-ROM, IOU, K9, PIN
Question 3.
Make a list of Hawking’s physical inabilities after 1963.
(a) …………………………..
(b) …………………………..
(c) …………………………..
(d) …………………………..
(e) …………………………..
(f) …………………………..
Answer: Hawking’s physical inabilities after 1963
(a) He could not move anywhere except on a wheelchair.
(b) His physical condition kept worsening over time.
(c) He needed someone all the time to manage his care and work.
(d) Except for feeding himself and getting out of bed, he required assistance for almost everything else.
(e) His speech became increasingly slurred and eventually he lost his voice completely.
(f) His ability to carry on his scientific work was in danger.
Question 4.
Explain how the life of Stephen Hawking proves the proverb ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’. Write it down in your notebook.
Answer: Every cloud has a silver lining
The proverb means that no matter how dark or hopeless a situation may seem, there is always some hope and positivity hidden within it. Dark clouds symbolize difficulties, but the shining silver edge reminds us that good things can come out of struggles.
Stephen Hawking’s life is a perfect example of this. At the young age of 21, he began to suffer from serious health problems. He was later diagnosed with ALS, a disease that gradually destroyed his muscle control. Doctors gave him only a couple of years to live. Yet, instead of giving up, Hawking went on to live for more than fifty years, making extraordinary contributions to physics and cosmology.
The timely diagnosis, medical support, and encouragement from his family, colleagues, and students were the silver linings in his dark clouds. They helped him overcome challenges and continue his research.
Thus, Hawking’s life proves that even when faced with huge difficulties, there is always hope, and with determination, one can still achieve greatness.
Question 5.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Justify your stand/answer by quoting a line from the text.
(a) Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.
(b) Hawking believed that man cannot live on other planets in the future.
(c) Though Hawking lost control over his body, he writes with a prolific rate with the help of assistants.
(d) Hawking has written or co-written more than 25 books.
Answer: (a) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Eventually, however, doctors did diagnose Hawking with the early stages of ALS.
(b) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is He’s convinced that time travel is possible and that humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future,
(c) Yes, I do agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Through the program and the help of assistants, Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.
(d) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Over the years, Stephen Hawking has written or co-written a total of 15 books.
Question 6.
The following incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking’s life.
(a) Hawking’s book ‘The Universe in a Nutshell’ offered an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories.
(b) Hawking published the book ‘A Brief History of Time’ that offered an overview of space and time.
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.
(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(e) Hawking published ‘A Brief History of Time’ that contained the newest development.
Answer: The proper sequence of incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life is:
(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(b) Hawking published the book A Brief History of Time that offered an overview of space and time.
(a) Hawking’s book The Universe in a Nutshell offered an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories.
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.
(e) Hawking authored A Briefer History of Time that contained the newest developments.
Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the Verbs as per the Subject :
(1) Mother ………………………………… a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(2) Mother and her daughter ………………………………… a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(3) The rise and fall of the Empire ………………………………… recorded in History. (is/are)
(4) Neither Ritesh nor Alok ………………………………… well. (play/plays)
(5) Either of the two ………………………………… guilty. (is/are)
(6) Everyone ………………………………… mistakes. (make/makes)
(7) That news ………………………………… published today. (is/are)
(8) Eight lakh rupees ………………………………… a big amount. (was/were)
(9) The Committee ………………………………… approved of it. (has/have)
(10) The cost of all the goods ………………………………… risen. (has/have)
Answer: (1) cooks
(2) cook
(3) is
(4) plays
(5) is
(6) makes
(7) is
(8) was
(9) has
(10) has
Question 8.
You have come to know from the text that ‘The Theory of Everything’ is a film describing the life and work of Stephen Hawking. Watch the film on internet and write a complete review of it. You can take help of the following points while writing the review of the film.
(1) Title
(2) Characters
(3) Story
(4) Dialogues
(5) Picturisation
(6) Music
(7) Special features (if any)
(8) Opinion / Views
(9) Message/Moral values.
Answer: The Theory of Everything – Movie Review
The movie ‘The Theory of Everything’ is based on ! the life of Stephen Hawking. He was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 21, but because of the love of fellow Cambridge student, Jane Wilde, whom he married, he went on to secure achievement after achievement and began to be called the successor to Einstein.
He and Jane defy terrible odds and break new ground In the fields of medicine and science, achieving more than either could hope to Imagine. Hawkings physical decline weakens his already frail body. His mind, on the other hand, remains sharp, always in pursuit of that single equation that would explain the elusive ‘Theory of Everything’. Right up to his mid-seventies, Stephen Hawking has no plans to retire.
The dialogue smoothly carries the narrative forward, at times Indulging In monosyllabic repartee, which, at times, provides crisp tongue-in-cheek humour. It is a very enjoyable film. It is tasteful and engaging and beautiful visually.
The music, which is quite haunting, was nominated for the best musical score at the Oscars.
The film has been criticised for harping on the theme of ‘Time’ throughout, and for being too sentimental!
However, its message that a person can accomplish much in one’s lifetime despite being afflicted with a severe physical disability is universally relevant. Moral values of love and loyalty permeate the film and thus makes it a’treat to watch.
Question 9.
Answer in one word
(1) At what age was Stephen diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
(2) Over the years, how many books has Stephen written or co-written?
(3) When did Stephen catapult to international prominence?
(4) In which year was his life story depicted?
Answer: 21
15
1988
2014
Question 10.
(a) Hawking’s book ‘A Brief History of Time’ spent more than four years atop the ‘London Sunday Times’.
Answer: (a) Hawking’s book ‘A Brief History of Time’ spent more than four years atop the ‘London Sunday Times’.
Question 11.
Complete the table with relevant information about Hawking: (The answer is given directly.)
Answer: Books Films
(1) A Brief History of Time The Theory of everything
(2) The Universe in a Nutshell
(3) A Briefer History of Time
Question 12.
Write from the passage words for
(a) status
(b) summary
(c) people
(d) immediate.
Answer: (a) status – prominence
(b) summary – overview
(c) people – masses
(d) immediate – instant.
Question 13.
Find out the antonyms from the passage for the following
(i) worst
(ii) exclude
(iii) duplicate
(iv) oldest
Answer: (i) worst x best
(ii) exclude xinclude
(iii) duplicate x original
(iv) oldest x newest
Question 14.
(1) He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the underlined part.)
Answer: He has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Question 25.
It has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer: Having sold millions of copies worldwide, it has been translated into more than 40 languages.
Question 16.
The short informative book became an account of cosmology. (Add a question tag.)
Answer: The short informative book became an account of cosmology, didn’t it?
Question 17.
Stephen Hawking wps a versatile personality. Justify.
Answer: Stephen Hawking was a versatile personality. He has not only done groundbreaking work in physicsand cosmology but also written or co-written 15 books. He worked as a professor of mathematics for a long time. He used to attend various conferences and could think in 11 dimensions.
Question 18.
Fill in the blanks (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Hawking claimed that he could think in …………… dimensions.
(b) ……………. is the study of the big. …………….. is the study of the small.
(c) ………………. is a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology with quantum mechanics.
Answer: (a) 11
(b) Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics
(c) Science’s Holy Grail
Question 19.
Complete the table
Answer: Name of Hawking’s book Central Idea Conclusion
The Grand Design God could not have created the universe. The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of laws of physics and nothing more.
Question 20.
(1) Write words ending in ‘-ity’ using the words given
(a) unify
(b) possible
(c) compatible
(d) inevitable.
Answer: (a) unify – unity
(b) possible – possibility
(c) compatible – compatibility
(d) inevitable – inevitability.
Question 21.
Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B
‘A’ ‘B’
(a) unifying (a) agreeable
(b) compatible (b) unavoidable
(c) inevitable (c) unplanned
(d) spontaneous (d) joining
Answer: (a) unifying (d) joIning
(b) compatible (a) agreeable
(c) inevitable (b) unavoidable
(d) spontaneous (c) unplanned
Question 22.
Write sentences using the given phrases
(a) lay out
(b) be the consequence of
(c) is compatible with.
Answer: (a) I want you to lay out your plans for the future before you graduate.
(b) Your present sad condition is the consequence of your past bad habits.
(c) “The king’s view on this topic is compatible with mine,” said the queen.
Question 23.
Hawking spoke against the idea. (Rewrite using ‘did not’.)
Answer:; Hawking did not speak in favour of the idea,
Question 24.
State the function of the underlined auxiliaries
(a) Humans may colonize other planets in the future.
(b) The universe can create itself from nothing.
(c) The universe will create itself from nothing.
Answer: (a) may – possibility
(b) can – ability
(c) will – future action/prediction.
Question 25.
Add question tags
(a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics.
(b) There is something rather than nothing.
Answer: (a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, wasn’t it?
(b) There is something rather than nothing, isn’t there?
Question 26.
Do you believe that there is a God? Why?
Answer: I believe that there is a God. This world had to have had a Creator. There is infinite variety of creation all around us and it is not possible that all of it came on its own.
Question 27.
The Big Bang was a natural occurrence.
Answer: In the context of the passage, yes, I agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics and nothing more.
Question 28.
Arrange the following in order of occurrence
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.
(d) Hawking’s father takes him to see a doctor.
(e) Hawking’s father takes notice of the condition.
Answer: (b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge,
(e) Hawking’s father takes notice of the condition,
(d) Hawking’s father takes him to see a doctor.
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.
Question 29.
Fill in the blanks in the boxes (The answers are given directly.)
(a) Two scientists other than Stephen Hawking mentioned in this passage are ………………….. and Lou Gehrig.
(b) Hawking was ……………… years old when he was admitted Into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at …………………..
Answer: (a) Sir Isaac Newton
(b) 21
(c) Oxford
Question 30.
Complete the following:
(a) A decade is a period of ………………….
(b) ……………. refers to the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe.
(c) To ……………. one’s speech is to speak (words) indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another.
Answer: (a) 10 years.
(b) Chaos
(c) slur
Question 31.
The Grand Design was Hawking’s first major publication in almost a decade.
Answer: The Grand Design was Hawking’s first major publications in almost a decade.
Question 32.
Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford.
(Frame a ‘Who-’ question to get the underlined part as answer.)
Answer: When did Hawking first begin to notice problems with his physical health?
Question 33.
He would trip and fall or slur his speech. (Rewrite using ‘not only … but also …’.)
Answer: He would not only trip and fall but also slur his speech.
Answer by Dimpee Bora
