Chapter 3
School and its Organisation
Questionnaire:
1) What does it mean to be a school institution?
Answer: School institution is a broad term that includes school buildings, land, school furniture, other equipment, human resources like students, teachers and other staff. It is an essential part of the educational environment.
2. 2. Who said, 'The future of a country is built in the sheikh's room'?
Answer: The future of a country is shaped in the classroom. That was said by the " Kothari Commission
3. 3. The English word ' Curriculum ' is derived from which Latin word?
Answer: The English word ' Curriculum ' is derived from the Latin word" Currere"
4. The What does the word 'Currere' mean ?
Answer: The word 'Currere' means "race course"
5. 5. What is value education?
Answer: You will try it yourself.
6. 6. What is the intellectual range of gifted students?
Answer: The IQ of gifted students is above
7. 7. What is the IQ range of very bright students?
Answer: The IQ range of very bright students is 120-1
8. 8. What is the IQ range of highly intelligent students?
Answer: The IQ range of highly intelligent students is 110-1
9. What is the IQ range of normally intelligent students?
Answer: The IQ range of normally intelligent students is 90-1
10. 10. What should be the size of the classroom?
Answer: The size of the classroom should be like a rectangular field.
11. 11. What type of students are included in the IQ of 90-1
Answer: An IQ of 90-110 includes students with normal intelligence.
12. Name any two pieces of furniture required in a science laboratory.
Answer: Any two pieces of furniture required in a science laboratory are: cupboards, hearing aids.
13. 13. What is the person in charge of a library called?
Answer: The person in charge of a library is called a librarian.
14. 14. Name two types of tools needed in the classroom.
Answer: The two types of equipment required in the classroom are: blackboard and desk-bench.
15. 15. Name the audiovisual aids that can be used in the classroom.
Answer: Audiovisual equipment that can be used in the classroom are: radio, television, computer, etc.
16. 16. Name three types of material resources of school institutions.
Answer: There are three types of material resources of school institutions:
1. soil
2. School House
3. library
17. 17. Name three human resources of school institutions.
Answer: The three human resources of a school institution are -
1 . teacher
2 . Students
3 . staff
18. 18. Short Writing: (3 marks)
a) Subject-centric courses.
Answer: Subject-centric curriculum places more emphasis on subjects than on students. They focus only on the intellectual development of the students and completely ignore the social and personal development. Subjects take precedence here.
b) Action-based curriculum.
Answer: A curriculum that follows the principles of action in education is called an action-based curriculum. This course teaches subject matter knowledge through work. This type of curriculum helps children to develop constructive and creative qualities. It helps in the overall development of their personality and social qualities. They do not rely on the teacher to solve every problem and try to solve problems through mutual cooperation.
c) Experiential courses.
Answer: Experiential courses provide experience of high quality and different types of knowledge, skills, attitudes etc. From the experiential curriculum, students are able to appreciate the profound relationship between knowledge and real life. John Dewey argues that children's experience is the only fundamental and effective component of education.
d) Desegregation course.
Answer: A non-segregation course is a course that does not emphasize the study of different subjects in particular. The development of a child's full personality is possible through the experiences gained as a whole. The integration of subjects can be brought about through action.
e) Basic Education Curriculum.
Answer: The basic education curriculum is based on Mahatma Gandhi's concept of education which emphasizes the full development of the child as well as the body, mind and soul of every individual. The principle of co-relationship is the essence of this course. The basic education curriculum emphasizes the practical aspects of education. The main objective of this course is to develop a sense of patriotism in the hearts of the students.
f) Life-based courses.
Life- based curriculum attempts to cover all the important principles of curriculum development and then selects activities and subjects for students at different levels. Life-based curriculum meets the needs of individuals and society. It transfers cultural resources from one generation to another. Life-based curriculum has helped children to adapt to the changing and complex society of today.
19. 19. Name three conditions to be kept in mind when selecting land for setting up a school project.
Answer: Three conditions to be kept in mind when selecting land for setting up a school project are -
1 . The size of the soil should be like a rectangular field. There is a possibility of expanding the classrooms if necessary in the future.
2. In selecting the site of the school, the land selected should be dry, open, high and sunny. Such places prevent water accumulation and provide good ventilation.
3 . Schools should be selected for setting up in secluded places away from densely populated , crowded or markets, factories , cinemas etc. in the city.
20. 20. Name any three types of courses.
Answer: Any three types of courses are:
1. Action-based courses.
2. Experiential courses.
3. Desegregation Course
21. 21. Name any three tools required for the school project.
Answer: Any three tools required for school projects are:
1. Decks-benches, teachers' chairs-tables and blackboards.
2. Scientific equipment for testing bodies.
3 . Cupboards required for library.
22. 22. Name three things to keep in mind when constructing school buildings.
Answer: There are three things to keep in mind when constructing school buildings:
1 . School houses should be constructed in such a way that they can be successful in meeting the educational needs and interests of students.
2. School buildings should be in the shape of the letters I, L,U, E, H. It is more necessary to build an E-shaped school house.
3 . The school house should be provided with cooling , lighting and ventilation to protect the health of the students, teachers and everyone else.
23. 23. State the conditions to be kept in mind when constructing classrooms.
Answer: The conditions to be kept in mind when constructing classrooms are:
a. The classroom should be able to seat 50 students comfortably.
b. Rooms should have light and ventilation.
c. The color of the walls of the classroom should be such that it does not adversely affect the eyes of the students.
24. 24. List five conditions to be kept in mind when constructing a science laboratory.
Answer: The five conditions to be kept in mind when constructing a science laboratory are:
1. Science laboratories should be established at a distance from the main school.
2. The room should have regular gas water , electricity supply.
3. There should be facilities for displaying images with cameras and screens.
4. Arrangements should be made to contain expensive and hazardous chemicals inside the cupboards.
5 . A test body staff should be appointed to ensure that the items are placed in their proper places.
25. 25. List five functions of teachers as facilitators.
Answer: The five functions of a teacher as a facilitator are:
1 . The teacher should prepare himself before teaching in the classroom and use different methods of teaching.
2. Teachers should encourage students to answer questions correctly instead of saying different things during teaching.
3. He should ask the students questions that they can solve with their own thoughts.
4. He should adopt a variety of techniques and rules during teaching and learning.
5. He should adopt different methods of teaching.
26. 26. List five teacher actions as motivators.
Answer: The five functions of teachers as motivators are:
1. The teacher should give the students a clear knowledge of his subject.
2. He should choose a fully equipped room as his classroom so that the students can create a healthy environment during teaching.
3. Teachers can use different types of teaching strategies to make their teaching successful and interesting.
4. Teachers should use various phenomena and examples during teaching.
5. From time to time, a special teacher should spend time with the students so that they can expand their knowledge of the outside world.
27. 27. List five functions of teachers as mentors.
Answer: The five functions of a teacher as a counselor are:
1 . The teacher should be familiar with the home situation of the students.
2. Teachers need to recognize the individual differences between students.
3. Teachers should collect all the daily information of the students.
4. The teacher should study the health of the students, their marks in examinations, etc.
5. The teacher should regularly help the students to solve various problems.
28. 28. Name any five characteristics of a good library.
Answer: Any five characteristics of a good library are:
1 . School libraries need to have a properly qualified and trained librarian.
2. The library should have a selection of books suitable for students of all ages and teachers.
3. Books on different subjects should be arranged based on subject matter for easy access.
4. Teachers should occasionally inform students about the importance of reading foreign books.
5. The rules and regulations for picking up and returning books from the library should be easily followed by all students.
29. 29. List five personal qualities of a teacher.
Answer: The five personal qualities of a teacher are:
a. Teachers should be humble and polite.
b. Teachers should be physically and mentally healthy.
c. He should always be disciplined and have a gentle sense of humor.
d. The teacher's personality should always be loving and positive. Only then can it have a good impact on the students.
e The teacher should play the role of friend, philosopher and guide with the students.
30. 30. List five professional qualities of teachers.
Answer: Teachers are friends, philosophers and guides for students. Teachers shape the habits, behaviour, character and personality of students. Since teachers shape the future of students, teachers are required to have certain educational qualifications. To be a good teacher, he must have certain professional qualities. Those qualities are:
1. Thorough knowledge of teaching methods - Teachers should adopt practical methods to impart knowledge to students. Only then will his teaching be more effective.
2. Planning and Preparation- Before teaching in class, teachers should prepare themselves to adapt to the class environment. Teachers should prepare the topic in advance before teaching in class.
3 . Knowledge of child psychology - Teachers should have knowledge of child psychology and educational psychology. This can enable the teacher to understand the various problems of the students and provide appropriate solutions.
4. Interest in co-curricular activities - Teachers should involve themselves in co-curricular activities and various school activities.
5. Fair use of praise and punishment - The teacher should praise and punish the students only as needed. Praise and punishment are the two weapons in the hands of the teacher and he should use them fairly.
31. 31. List five qualities of an ideal teacher.
Answer: Teachers are friends, philosophers and guides for students. Teachers shape the habits, behaviour, character and personality of students. Since teachers shape the future of students, teachers are required to have certain educational qualifications. To be a good teacher, he must have certain personal and professional qualities. Those qualities identify a teacher as an ideal teacher. And the qualities of an ideal teacher are:
1. He should have respect for the teaching profession. Teachers should be humble and well behaved. of children. He should have a natural affection for him.
2. Teachers should be physically and mentally healthy. He should always be disciplined and have a gentle sense of humor.
3. Before teaching in class, teachers should be prepared to adapt to the classroom environment. Teachers should prepare the topic in advance before teaching in class.
4. The teacher should involve himself in co-curricular activities and school activities. The teacher should follow the rules and regulations of the school.
5. Teachers should have knowledge of child psychology and educational psychology. This can enable the teacher to understand the various problems of the students and provide appropriate solutions.
32. 32. Mention five challenges faced by teachers in new situations.
Answer: The five challenges facing teachers in new circumstances are:
1. Knowledge of every aspect of life has developed significantly and this has made the role of teachers challenging.
2. Due to the increased influence of mass media like radio, television etc., teachers have to make proper use of it in the teaching process.
3. In the present era, teachers need to take a broad view of their subjects.
4. Teachers should adopt a democratic , practical and social attitude towards life.
5. Teachers should be fed new concepts every day, such as individualized instruction , microlearning, etc.
33. 33. Name the five types of courses.
Answer: The five types of courses are:
a) Subject-centric courses.
b) Action-based curriculum.
c) Experiential courses.
d) Desegregation course.
e) Basic Education Curriculum.
34. 34. List five shortcomings of the existing curriculum.
Answer: The five disadvantages of the existing curriculum are -
1. Narrow concept-The scope of the current curriculum is very small. It refers only to the limited textbooks prepared for enrollment in educational institutions and passing examinations. Currently, the concept of curriculum is very narrow.
2. No place for activity - There is no place for work in the current curriculum. It focuses only on writing and reading textbooks. It does not emphasize hands-on education policy. Activities are not included in the curriculum to meet the needs of the students.
3 . Inflexible-The current curriculum is inflexible. It does not always change with the changing world. As a result, students fail to acquire knowledge about the aspects that are needed at present.
4 . Unrelated to life-The current curriculum has little to do with life. The subjects taught to students in school have no importance in real life.
5. Overload of subjects-The current curriculum includes many subjects which makes it difficult for students and teachers to complete the subjects within the stipulated time frame. As a result, students do not have proper knowledge of some subjects in detail.
35. 35. List five principles of curriculum development.
Answer: Curriculum is the subject or well-selected subjects to be taught by the students ie what will be taught in which class. Without the curriculum, the educational process in schools comes to a standstill. Curricula are the activities that students have to complete within a specified time frame during their studies.
The six principles of curriculum development are:
1. Child-centered policy-Modern education is called child-centered education. Therefore, the needs and phenomena of children should be taken into account when developing the curriculum. Children should be provided with meaningful experiences rather than being advised on various subjects.
2. Retirement Preparation Policies and curricula should be developed in such a way that students can make honest use of their leisure time. Therefore, the curriculum should include co-curricular programmes.
3. Society-centric policy-The present child is a responsible citizen of a future society. Therefore , education should include in the curriculum the subjects needed to prepare children to be successful in society.
4. Flexibility Policy-The curriculum should be flexible and dynamic. The curriculum should change as times change.
5 . The various subjects of the school should not be taught separately. Coordination and integration between curriculum programs should provide students with a full realistic experience.
36. 36. State any five benefits of co-curricular programmes.
Answer: Any five benefits of co-curricular programs are:
1. Co-curricular programs help in identifying and developing the innate talents of students.
2. Co-curricular programs develop students' mental awareness, intellectual acuity, and problem-solving abilities.
3. Co-curricular programs remove the disturbing environment created by traditional curricula and inspire students to study with new enthusiasm.
4. Co-curricular programs allow students to express themselves and realize themselves independently and spontaneously. This is essential for school education.
5. Co-curricular activities help children to control their emotions. and the child's emotional maturity.
37. 37. List four types of co-curricular activities.
Answer: There are four types of co-curricular activities:
1. Physical activities: This type of activity helps students to maintain good physical health and increases their motivation through sports inside or outside the classroom.
2. Educational Activities: Such activities develop students' intellectual abilities such as thinking, reasoning and problem solving skills. Recitation, essay writing, debate, random speech, etc. are associated with this type of activity.
3. Social Activities: Social activities mature students socially. It develops some social qualities of students such as cooperation, leadership ability , values etc. Social activities include NCC , Red Cross, school cleaning.
4. Emotional Activities: This type of activity matures the students emotionally. They help in developing a healthy personality. Singing, dancing, playing musical instruments, playing , painting and making things with your hands are emotional activities.
38. 38. State the five objectives of co-curricular programmes.
Answer: The five objectives of the co-curricular program are -
1. Use students' free time honestly.
2. Co-curriculum provides students with a sense of responsibility.
3. The purpose of co-curricular programs is to make students interested in school life.
4. Co-curricular programs prepare students for social life.
5. They instill democratic values in the minds of students.
39. 39. Name any four physical co-curriculum.
Physical co-curricular activities include running, kabaddi, football and cricket.
40. 40. Name any five academic co-curriculum.
Answer: Academic co-curriculum includes recitation, essay writing, debate, random speech, quiz competition etc.
41. . Name any five social co-curricular programmes.
Answer: Social co-curriculum includes NCC, Red Cross, school cleaning, tree planting, observance in social functions etc.
42. 42. Name five emotional co-curricula.
Answer: Emotional co-curricular activities include singing, dancing, playing musical instruments, playing, drawing, making things with your hands, etc.
43. 43. Name the five types of staff required for school projects.
The five types of employees required for school projects are: Librarians, Class IV employees like Peons, Guards, Harijans etc. Canteen staff and hostel facilities.
44. 44. What is the full meaning of UGC?
Answer: UGC stands for University Grants Commission
45. 45. Where is the headquarters of UGC located?
Answer: The headquarters of UGC is located in New Delhi.
46. . Write down what computer means.
Answer: Computer is a technique that can help in solving problems in various subjects. It is a very fast tool.
47. 47. Who invented the computer?
Answer: Computers were invented by Charles Bewes.
48. 48. What is the first page of a website known as?
Answer: The first page of a website is known as the "Home Page"
49. 49. What is the full structure of UGC?
Answer: The full structure of UGC means - University Grants Commission
50. What is a web site ?
Answer: A web site is a collection of web pages. Every Web site starts with www, which is one of many services that are connected through Hyper Tex.
51. 51. What is a web page ?
Answer: Web pages are a part of a website. Every web page has its own web identity. Web pages facilitate downloading through a browser.
52. 52. In which year was UGC established?
Answer: UGC In November 1953, the Ministry of Education constituted the University Grants Commission.
53. 53. In which year was NCERT established?
NCERT was established on 1st September
54. 54. Where is the headquarters of NCERT located?
The headquarters of NCERT is located in New Delhi .
55. 55. When was SCERT established in Assam?
SCERT was established in Assam on 29 March
56. 56. Write the complete shapes of the following.
a) NCERT
Answer: NCERT - National Council of Educational Research and Training.
b) UGC
Answer: UGC - University Grants Commission.
c ) SCERT
Answer: SCERT - State Council of Educational Research and Training.
d ) DIET
Answer:DIET - District lnstitute of Education and Training.
57. 57. Name any three main parts of a computer.
Answer: Any three main parts of a computer are:
1. Input tool
2. out put tool
3 . Memory group
58. 58. List three features of computers.
Answer: The three characteristics of computers are:
1. Computers are very fast devices. The computer works constantly at the same speed.
2. If the data received by the internal tools is correct, the computer never displays incorrect data.
3. Computers can store a large amount of information in memory.
59. 59. Mention three of the computer-based recommendations.
Answer: The three types of computerized counseling are:
1. It is able to personalize the means and goals of instruction.
2. Assists in collecting full documentation of students' academic and personal results.
3. It is capable of conducting research on learning under controlled conditions and in a variety of educational fields.
60. List three characteristics of e-mail.
Answer: The three characteristics of e-mail are -
1. E-mail works much faster than the postal system.
2. E-mail is a very inexpensive means of communication.
3. E-mail can be used to contact anyone anywhere in the world.
61. List three features of CD - ROM.
Answer: The three features of CD - ROM are -
1. CD-ROM is the most modern and best medium for storing data on a computer. It has a much higher data storage capacity.
2. There is no risk of corruption of the data stored here.
3. No orders stored in the memory of Rome can be erased and they cannot be modified.
62. 62. List three features of websites.
Answer: The three features of a website are:
1. Any organization can open a website with all the information and facilities of the organization.
2. Educational institutions or institutions anywhere in the world have their own websites.
3. Anyone can get any information about the program by clicking on the website button as required.
63. 63. Name three types of teleconferences.
Answer: There are three types of teleconferences:
1. Audio teleconference
2 . Visual distance conference
3. Computer Telecommunication Conference.
64. 64. Mention three uses of technology in education.
Answer: The three uses of technology in education are:
1. Technology is used in education to expand and accelerate the scope of knowledge.
2 . There are many ways in which technology can be used in education. There are many ways in which technology can be used in education.
3. Technology is used in education to improve and facilitate the quality of education.
65. What are the three main categories of computers?
Answer: There are three main categories of computers:
1. Input tool
2. out put tool
3. Memory group
66. 66. The functions of NCERT are divided into three broad categories. What are the parts?
Answer: The work of NCERT is divided into three broad categories. The divisions are:
1. research and development
2 . In-service and pre-service training.
3. To work to improve the quality of school education.
67. 67. State the three main objectives of forming SCERT.
Answer: The three main objectives of forming SCERT are:
1. To facilitate the management of various groups and departments of education from one place.
2. To assist in the development of education by solving the educational problems of the State
3. To regulate and administer the activities related to educational development through a single institution.
68. 68. Name three academic departments of SCERT.
Answer: The three academic departments of SCERT are -
1. Department of Curriculum Development
2. Department of Teacher Training
3. Department of Education , Technology.
69. Name three main functions of
Answer:
70. Name any five functions of the University Grants Commission.
Answer: Any of the five functions of the University Grants Commission are:
1. Investigate the financial aspects of the University and make necessary grants.
2. To make recommendations for taking necessary measures to improve the education of the University and to assist in the implementation of the recommendations.
3. Preparation of budgets for the whole year for the universities.
4. The Commission advises the Central and State Governments to provide any grants to the universities.
5. The Commission provides funds for higher, scientific education, research and technology development.
71. List five activities for each of the following topics.
a) UGC
Answer: Any of the five functions of the University Grants Commission are:
1. Investigate the financial aspects of the University and make necessary grants.
2. To make recommendations for taking necessary measures to improve the education of the University and to assist in the implementation of the recommendations.
3. Preparation of budgets for the whole year for the universities.
4. The Commission advises the Central and State Governments to provide any grants to the universities.
5. The Commission provides funds for higher, scientific education, research and technology development.
b) NCERT
Answer: The five functions of the National Council for Education Research and Training are:
1. Improve curriculum, instructional materials, teaching methods, assessment strategies, teaching tools, various teaching materials and teaching resources
2. To provide in-service and pre-service training to teachers and all persons involved in education.
3 . NCERT produces school textbooks, general books, educational magazines, and research literature for students.
4. Provides scholarships for gifted students of class 10 for higher education.
5. To provide financial assistance to researchers inside and outside the Council for research work.
c ) SCERT
Answer: The five functions of the State Council for Education Research and Training are:
1. To assist the State Government in formulating educational plans and policies.
2. Active participation in school education and educational research.
3 . Cooperate with the Secondary Education Council and Higher Secondary Council as required
4 . To advise the Government to apply the findings and results of research in the educational sector of the State in the field of education.
5. Liaise with NCERT and other educational institutions to take action on national policies.
d) DIET
Answer: The five functions of District Educational Training Institutes are:
1. Training of in-service and pre-service primary teachers.
2. Training of directors and observers of non-traditional education and adult education.
3. Arrange training for Head Teachers , Heads of School Complexes and Zonal Level Officers.
4. Required for education. Provide resource support.
5. Conduct practical research in the field of education.
72. Mention the five parts of a complete computer gate.
Answer: The five parts of a complete computer gate are:
1. Monitor
2. The keyboard
3. The mouse
4. Process sets
5. The Printer
73. 73. List the five main educational advantages of computers.
Answer: The five main educational advantages of computers are:
1. The use of computers in the classroom develops logical thinking in students.
2. With the help of computers, students and teachers get the results continuously so that they can correct their mistakes quickly.
3. Computers are considered to be a very useful learning tool in education as they can provide a lot of information to students in a short period of time.
4. It helps in checking the academic progress of students.
5. It helps students to actively participate in the educational process.
74. 74. Mention five limitations of using shat computers.
Answer: The five limitations of using computers are -
1. Computers are very expensive.
2. There are some bugs in the software.
3. Trained teachers are required to provide computerized instruction.
4. Because the computer screen is small, not all students in a classroom can see it well.
5. Schools lack adequate educational equipment, well-equipped rooms, trained staff and software.
75. Mention five advantages of using the Internet.
Answer: The five advantages of using the Internet are -
1. The Internet provides easy access to all the news of the world.
2. Students can get answers to any questions they want with the help of the Internet.
3. You can buy and sell things with the help of the Internet.
4. Advertisements can be placed with the help of the Internet.
5. The Internet helps to transfer information to anywhere in the world at very fast speeds.
76. 76. Write a brief ?
a) The Internet.
Answer: The Internet is one of many networks. A computer network is the connection between the many computers on Earth. Many computers are added to a network. This connection is done with the help of cable and satellites. The Internet is made up of numerous networks around the world interconnected.
In 1969, the US Department of Defense first introduced the Internet as the ARPANET.
b) Website.
Answer: A web site is a collection of web pages. They are social organizations, institutions such as universities, business centers, research institutes, libraries, social welfare organizations that are maintained by the government and contain the latest information. Every web site starts with the WWW. which is one of many services and which is connected through hypertext. Web pages are evaluated from the web server through a browser. It helps us to read , search , and download data from any computer in the web. Every web page has its own web identity called URL.
c) CD-ROM.
Answer:- CD-ROM in its full form is compact disc- Read Only Memory. A CD-ROM is a large number of information or data storage systems. CD-ROM is the most modern and best medium for storing data on computers. It has a high data storage capacity.
d) E-mail.
Answer :- The full form of e-mail is - Electronic mail. Correspondence is exchanged electronically The primary function of e-mail. This method involves both the sender of the message and the receiver of the message . Requires an e-mail address. They must have their own password. This helps in their identification. It is . called an e-mail ID. Just type the message on the computer keyboard. . . . . The e-mail address must be entered first, the recipient will enter it on his computer. You can read the message by opening the e-mail ID. His password should be used in this case.
e) Distance conference.
Answer: The most useful method of distance learning is teleconferencing. This system is popular all over the world. In this system, two or more people who are far apart can discuss a topic with each other. There are three types of teleconferences:
1 . Audio teleconference
2. Visual distance conference
3. Computer Telecommunication Conference.
The cost of distance conferences is very low compared to other means of education. It is a flexible medium of education.
