Chapter 4(i)
Psychology and Education
Constructive or long questions:-
1. 1. To present a brief history of the changes in the concept of psychology as a subject of study.
Answer: Psychology as a subject of study has a long history. In 1950, Rudolf Gokel wrote his first book on psychology. The book was called " Psychology " The English word psychology is derived from the Greek words " psychi" and "logs" The word "psychi" means soul and the word "logz" means to discuss or study. Therefore, psychology is the study of the soul. The main purpose of psychology was to think about the soul at a higher level This idea was not accepted.
In the 18th century, some psychologists proposed another concept of psychology. They believe that psychology is the science of the mind. They believe that all perceptions originate from the mind. The concept of mind is somewhat clearer than the soul, but this concept was not accepted in psychology because the mind is an abstract concept.
According to psychologist Spain, psychology is the science of consciousness. This concept was popular but criticized. They said that the conscious mind itself is not complete. It is a part of the mind. There is an unconscious mind besides the conscious mind. Therefore, this concept of psychology was not acceptable.
Modern psychologists emphasized three terms in the modern concept of psychology: mental processes, experiences, and behavior.
Mental process refers to the conscious state or alert state of a person. People apply it to mental states such as thinking, solving problems, learning new things, and gaining memories.
Human experience is an important subject in the study of psychology. Psychologists believe that our experiences are influenced by two types of conditions, external and internal. For example, when we are happy or happy, we do not feel the inconvenience of city buses.
The most important and accepted concept of psychology is that psychology is the science of behavior. Behavior is the reaction or action that a person exhibits in different situations. Behavior includes a person's physical, mental, intellectual, and emotional actions. Various types of physical and mechanical activities such as engaging in physical activity , running, jumping , mental and intellectual activities such as thinking, reasoning , remembering, etc. And emotional experiences such as happiness, sadness, anger, and feelings are all included within the broad scope of behavior.
Behaviors can be simple, complex. Some can be chronic and some can be transient. There are also some behaviors that we can observe externally, such as the behaviors of a football player on the field. And also some behaviors we feel internally.
Concepts of psychology have changed over time. And among the various concepts, the scientific concept of psychology was accepted by all.
2. 2. Which of the various concepts of psychology is acceptable to you and why?
Answer: Psychology is the study of higher level thinking about the soul. Psychology is the science that studies a person’s behavior, mental processes , experiences
Among the various concepts of psychology, the one that is acceptable to me is that psychology is the science of behaviour. Behavior is the reaction or action that a person exhibits in different situations. Behavior includes a person's physical, mental, intellectual, and emotional actions. Various types of physical and mechanical activities such as engaging in physical activity , running, jumping , mental and intellectual activities such as thinking, reasoning , remembering, etc. And emotional experiences such as happiness, sadness, anger, and feelings are all included within the broad scope of behavior.
Behaviors can be simple, complex. Some can be chronic and some can be transient. There are also some behaviors that we can observe externally, such as the behaviors of a football player on the field. And also some behaviors we feel internally. However, it should be remembered that behavior, no matter what it is, is always influenced by environmental stimuli. With the help of knowledge of psychology, we can study the changing behavior of individuals. And so psychology can be considered the science that studies behavior.
3. 3. Briefly write about the scope of psychology.
Answer: Psychology has its own scope as a subject of study. It studies human experience and behavior. Psychology first studies the causes of behavior and then studies the nature of behavior. Psychology deals with certain human experiences such as address , gain , attention, desires , feelings and imagination. Psychologists believe that there are three characteristics inherent in any experience of a person: knowledge, desire and feeling. The emphasis was on one of these three types.
Psychologists such as Herbert and Hume believe that the scope of psychology emphasizes knowledge. They believe that without knowledge, desire and feelings cannot be awakened. McDougal, on the other hand, believes that knowledge cannot be born without the will of the mind. The scope of psychology includes the aspects of the conscious mind. In addition to the conscious mind, there are also unconscious minds. And the ignorant mind has a significant influence on human behavior. Psychology is the study of various aspects of the conscious mind as well as the unconscious mind. Therefore, the scope of psychology is not limited. It's quite comprehensive.
4. The Explain the statement 'Education' and psychology complement each other , not contradict each other'
Answer: Education and psychology are interdependent. Education affects several aspects of psychology Without education, the development of psychology is not possible. The results of various research in psychology have been disseminated only through education. Education helps to expand the scope of psychology. Psychology has made significant contributions to the development and application of appropriate teaching methods in the classroom. Psychology plays an immense role in the functioning or effectiveness of the education system. Guidance and counseling are essential in the modern education system. Guidance and counseling can address a variety of educational, behavioral and social problems of students. and knowledge of psychology helps in providing appropriate guidance and counselling. Education has made psychology popular all over the world. On the other hand, the principles of psychology are more necessary for the learning process to be effective. Today, teachers apply the principles of psychology to education. Through knowledge of psychology, teachers can study every aspect of students well. Educational psychology helps to understand children by gaining knowledge about their mentality. Psychology provides knowledge about what learning is , how the learning process occurs , and what helps the learning process to be fruitful. The contribution of education has enabled the birth and development of new branches of psychology such as child psychology, educational psychology, psychology of the physically and mentally disabled, etc. Therefore, it can be said that education and psychology are complementary , not contradictory. Psychology and education can be said to be like the back of the same coin.
Short question:
1. 1. Write about the origin of the word psychology.
The word psychology is derived from the Greek words "psychi" and "logs " The word "psychi" means soul and the word "log" means to discuss or study. Therefore, psychology is the study of the soul in its etymological sense.
2. 2. Why is psychology called behavioral science?
Answer: Psychology is the science that studies a person's behaviour, mental processes, experiences. Behavior includes a person's physical, mental, intellectual, and emotional actions. Therefore, psychology is called the science of behaviour.
3. 3. The scope of psychology is quite broad - judging the truth of the statement.
Answer: Psychology has its own scope as a subject of study. It studies human experience and behavior. Psychology first studies the causes of behavior and then studies the nature of behavior. Psychology deals with certain human experiences such as address , gain , attention, desires , feelings and imagination. Psychologists believe that there are three characteristics inherent in any experience of a person: knowledge, desire and feeling. The emphasis was on one of these three types.
Psychologists such as Herbert and Hume believe that the scope of psychology emphasizes knowledge. They believe that without knowledge, desire and feelings cannot be awakened. McDougal, on the other hand, believes that knowledge cannot be born without the will of the mind. The scope of psychology includes the aspects of the conscious mind. In addition to the conscious mind, there are also unconscious minds. And the ignorant mind has a significant influence on human behavior. Psychology is the study of various aspects of the conscious mind as well as the unconscious mind. Therefore, the scope of psychology is not limited. It's quite comprehensive.
4. The Name and describe two branches of psychology.
Answer: There are two branches of psychology called educational psychology and clinical psychology.
1. 1. Clinical Psychology: This branch of psychology mainly deals with the mental illness of a person. It studies the causes, treatment and prevention of mental illness. Another related issue is psychological counselling. Clinical psychology is essential to study every aspect of people who suffer from certain mental disorders or illnesses. They are given medication and psychological therapies depending on the causes of mental illness and the treatment to be used to recover from it. Psychological counseling helps a person to face various challenges and find solutions to the difficult problems of life. And nowadays there is a special branch of clinical psychology in every hospital. and has its own mental hospital for mentally ill patients.
2. 2. Educational Psychology: The most notable and essential branch of psychology in the field of education is educational psychology where the learner is the focus of study. Educational psychology helps educators understand children's behaviour. and guide them in solving their behavioral problems. Assists in developing curricula and teaching methods according to the needs and age of the students. With the help of knowledge of educational psychology, teachers observe the behavior of students and help them understand their own problems. And also the teacher has to follow the principles of educational psychology to find out how to solve the problems of the students. Knowledge of educational psychology helps teachers to select appropriate co-curricular programs for students.
Objective questions:
Write 'True' or 'False' against the following sentences:-
(a) Psychology is a positive science.
Answer: 'True'
(b) Psychology determines the purpose of education.
Answer: 'True'
(c) Psychology is called the science of behaviour.
Answer: 'True'
(d) Child psychology studies adolescent behavior.
Answer: 'False'
(e) Psychology does not require laboratory experiments.
Answer: 'False'
(f) The purposes of education and psychology are the same.
Answer: True.
Judge the correctness / incorrectness of the following statements:
(a) Psychology helps in determining the tasks of education.
Answer: Correct.
(b) Education and psychology are contradictory to each other.
Answer: Incorrect.
(c) Psychology studies only the conscious aspects of the mind.
Answer: Incorrect.
