Chapter 4(ii)
Educational Psychology and its Significance
1) Compositional or long questions
(a) What is meant by educational psychology? Distinguish it from general psychology.
Answer: Educational psychology is a branch of applied psychology that studies all human behavior related to education and all psychological aspects that affect the teaching and learning process. The field of educational psychology originated as a result of applying various theories , principles , of education created by psychology , to teaching.
The differences between psychology and educational psychology are -
1. Psychology is a theoretical subject. This discusses the principles and theories of the human mind as a whole. Educational psychology, on the other hand, is a branch of applied psychology , so it focuses more on the application of psychological principles in the field of education.
2. The scope of study of psychology is broad while the scope of educational psychology is limited.
3. Psychology studies human behavior as a whole. Educational psychology, on the other hand, studies only the behavior of learners.
4. Psychology as a subject of study has a long history, which means that it is an old subject. On the other hand, educational psychology is relatively younger than psychology.
b) Give a definition of educational psychology and briefly write about the importance of studying psychology in education.
Answer: According to Skeena ; Educational psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with teaching and learning.
The importance of studying psychology in education is as follows:
Educational psychology plays an important role in setting goals for every aspect of education. Educational psychology studies various problems related to learning. In addition to studying the physical, mental, emotional aspects of children, it also covers other issues such as environment, teachers, curriculum, etc. that affect learning. Modern education is child-centered , applying psychological principles in all aspects of education such as curriculum development , teaching methods, assessment, etc. Educational psychology plays an outstanding role in the development of all individuals or educational institutions involved in children's education. Educational psychology helps to understand children by gaining knowledge about their mentality. Educational psychology provides knowledge about what learning is , how the learning process occurs , and what helps the learning process to be effective. The learning environment has a significant impact on the mindset, behavior and overall learning process of students. The learning environment includes the environment of the educational institution , the classroom environment, etc. The role of educational psychology is very important in creating an appropriate learning environment. Educational psychology covers all aspects of how education should be taught, what the environment needs to be , and what the goals of education should be.
c) Write about the scope of educational psychology.
Answer: The scope of educational psychology is very broad. This is because it covers both education and psychology. This branch of psychology scientifically studies all human behavior related to education. The aspects included within the scope of educational psychology are -
1. Learners - The main focus of the education system is the learner. Every learner has his own qualities and latent talents. These affect their academic life and academic progress , decline. It studies the characteristics and behaviors of learners.
2. Role of the Environment - The role of teachers, students and the environment is very important in the educational process. There are different types of environment such as home environment, class environment , social environment etc. Various factors in these environments affect students and their academic lives. Educational psychology studies the environment and helps to develop educational environments to suit learners and teachers.
3. Teaching - Teaching methods - Teachers teach and students use various methods to learn. The study of educational psychology is particularly helpful in studying the principles and requirements of various methods of teaching, identifying the most effective methods and applying them appropriately in the field of education.
4. The study of the unconscious mind - Psychobids believe that there are three aspects of our mind: the conscious mind, the unconscious mind and the subconscious aspect. The conscious mind is the main influence on learning and the performance of various activities in life. Psychologists believe that students often exhibit some abnormal behaviour. And the center of such behavior is the unconscious mind. Therefore, psychology includes the study of the unconscious mind within the scope of educational psychology.
5. Measurement and Evaluation - Measurement and evaluation are two other important topics in the scope of study in educational psychology. Scientific measurement of different mental strengths of students and assessment of academic competence of students is essential. Therefore, psychology includes both these subjects within its scope.
The scope of educational psychology is very broad. and its inclusive aspects promote the holistic development of students and emphasizes on solving all problems in their academic life and personal life.
d) Explain the characteristics of the statement 'Knowledge of psychology is essential for a master teacher'
or
Why is it necessary for a teacher to study psychology? - Write in detail.
Answer: The reasons why teachers need to study psychology are -
1 . Children are different in nature. There are individual differences between children in terms of physical, mental and emotional characteristics. Some children are very bright while others are less intelligent. Therefore, psychology studies help teachers to understand individual differences and provide appropriate education to children .
2. It is very important for a teacher to know about mental health, mental illness and its causes. Mental health affects the learning process. The study of educational psychology helps teachers to learn about psychological aspects.
3. - Learning is a complex process. The quality of education depends on the learning process. Psychology deals with various aspects of learning such as the nature of learning, principles of learning, different learning methods for different ages, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to study the psychology of a teacher in order to solve any problem related to learning.
4. A healthy classroom environment is essential for effective teaching and learning. The study of psychology helps teachers to be aware of the impact of the classroom environment on students and the learning process and to develop a classroom environment that is conducive to the learning students.
5. It is an important responsibility of teachers to develop teaching methods suitable for students of different ages. Teachers need to study psychology to learn and understand the appropriate teaching methods for children based on various psychological grounds.
e) Write about some methods of studying educational psychology.
Answer: The methods of studying educational psychology are:-
1. Insight- Insight is the oldest of the methods of studying psychology and was popular among psychologists in the past. The method of introspection is the examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.
2. Clinical methods: Clinical methods are the methods used to study the behavioral problems that occur in a person's integration. The main purpose of the clinical approach is to study a person's problems as a subject, identify their problems and offer recommendations for treatment.
3. Observational Methods: One of the most popular and useful methods of studying educational psychology is the observational method. Observational methods attempt to study the nature of the human mind through observation of the external behavior of individuals. This approach believes that since the body and mind are inextricably linked, our mental states, emotions, feelings, etc. are expressed through various physical reactions, and behaviors. Therefore, the nature of the mind can only be understood if these are systematically observed. In order to conduct scientific inspection, the inspector should be experienced and trained. Monitoring can be of different types such as direct and indirect , natural and artificial, planned and unplanned.
4. Event narrative method: Event narrative method is the study of a particular person as the subject. Children with problems are taken as subjects of study. Children have learning disabilities or difficulties , emotional disturbances , and behavioral problems. Such children are identified and studied very carefully through the case report method. They study in detail various information about the child such as the child's past life history, special events in his life that may cause mental problems, etc. and the child's current physical, mental, emotional, and social status. The storytelling method is particularly helpful in solving some of the problems of the most gifted child.
5. Projective method: Projective method is a psychoanalytic method by which the unconscious mind can be studied. In addition to the conscious and subconscious mind, there is another aspect of the human mind called the unconscious mind. Many of the thoughts, feelings, desires, etc. of a person are suppressed in this unconscious mind. And the projective method is especially necessary to learn about the suppressed subjects of the unconscious mind. This method helps to reveal the reasons behind the abnormal behavior exhibited by a person. The different types of projective methods are inkblot test, free association, sentence completion.
2) Short questions
a ) Explain the following sentences-
Educational psychology is a fact-based science.
Answer: Educational psychology studies various mental processes and behaviors of individuals. The study of human nature and behavior is a difficult and complex task. This is because human behavior is changeable. Individuals' minds and behaviors are changing. Therefore, no preliminary decisions can be made about behaviour. Educational psychology only studies the real-time behavior of individuals. And that is why educational psychology is called a reality-based science.
Educational psychology is an applied branch of psychology.
Answer: Educational psychology studies human behavior related to learning and the mental processes that affect the teaching and learning process. Educational psychology. Educational psychology is a branch of applied psychology because it applies the principles and ideals of psychology to education.
Educational psychology does not study adult behavior.
Answer: Educational psychology is generally related to the educational system. Educational psychology studies the academic problems of students and the behavior of students in the educational environment. Educational psychology has developed a variety of principles, data, etc. in the field of learning and these are applied to make classroom teaching more effective. Educational psychology only studies the behaviors of students in learning and teaching situations. Educational psychology does not study adult behavior because it does not focus on the last stage of development.
Briefly write about the insight method.
Answer: Introspective method - Introspective method is the oldest of the methods of studying psychology and it was very popular among the psychologists of the past. The method of introspection is the examination of one's own thoughts and feelings. Psychologists who propose this method believe that the experiences that a person experiences in the psychophysical realm are the same for all people. such as sorrow, happiness, joy, feelings, etc. The insightful approach believes that in order to gain knowledge of the minds and mental actions of others, a person needs to investigate his own mind and mental state.
b) Why is Pastology considered the father of educational psychology?
Answer: Educational psychology is an applied psychology. The famous Swiss philosopher J.S. H . Pestology was the first to apply the concepts and principles of psychology to education. The field of educational psychology is the result of the application of various theories and principles of education created by psychology to teaching. Therefore, pestology is considered the father of educational psychology.
d) Write about the advantages and disadvantages of projective method.
Answer: The advantages of projective method are:
1. Projective methods are essential for psychiatrists. They are used to diagnose and treat mental illness.
2. The projective method can be used to get a complete picture of a person's personality.
The disadvantages of the projective method are -
1. The projective method is mainly individualistic and is not suitable for school counselors.
2. The projected method is time dependent. Analyzing the data obtained from this is a difficult task.
e) Briefly write why a teacher should know about both the students and the lesson.
Answer: There are two issues involved in the learning process. One is the learner and the other is the subject to be read. Every teacher needs to have knowledge of the subject matter to be taught as well as the mentality of the students. And for this, teachers need to study psychology. A teacher should teach according to the mental state of the students and their needs. Only then is the education process effective. and select the subjects to be read for the students according to their needs. The learning process will be successful if the teacher has knowledge of the subject matter according to the students and their needs.
3) Fill in the blanks:
a) Modern education is based on psychology .
b) Educational psychology is a branch of applied psychology .
c) Pestalji was the first person to apply the principles of psychology in education .
d) Educational psychology does not determine the no of education .
e) Rousseau's famous educational work is called Emile .
Determine the correctness / incorrectness of the following statements-
a) The projective method is used to study the external behavior of a person.
Answer: Correct
b) The purpose of education is determined by psychology, not philosophy.
Answer: Incorrect
c) Educational psychology mainly studies learner behavior.
Answer: Correct
d) Social competence can be judged by testing methods.
Answer: Incorrect
e) Educational psychology and psychology are complementary.
Answer: Correct .
