Chapter 5
Physical Basis of Mental Life
A. Very Short Type Questions :
1. Name the sense that spreads throughout the body?
(This question came up in 2002)
Answer: The sense that spreads throughout the body is called the skin.
2. What is the name of the sense associated with sound?
(This question came up in 2004)
Answer: The sense associated with sound is called the ear.
3. Which sense is associated with the sense of smell?
(This question came up in 2004)
Answer: The sense of smell is related to the nose.
4. Guru -Is the brain the main center for conducting all higher level mental functions?
(This question came in 2009)
Answer : Yes.
5. Give an example of false direct?
(This question came in 2015)
Answer: An example of illusory vision is that when we sit in a moving train, we all see nearby trees, houses, etc. moving backwards.
6. Name the famous educator who emphasized sensory exercises in children's education?
(This question came in 2017)
Answer: Madame Montessori is the famous educator who emphasized sensory exercises in children's education.
7. Who invented gifts and scholarships for children?
(This question came up in 2008)
Answer: Gifts and scholarships for children were invented by Frobel.
8. Is curiosity related to anger emotion?
(Write correctly or incorrectly)
(This question came in 2019)
Answer: Incorrect.
9. The cornea is part of which sense?
(This question came up in 2006)
Answer: The cornea is part of the eye sense.
10. Olfaction is associated with which sense?
(This question came up in 2005)
Answer: The sense of smell is related to the nose.
11. What is one of the main functions of the cerebellum?
(This question came in 2015)
Answer: One of the main functions of the cerebellum is to achieve physical coordination, maintain physical balance and activate the muscles to establish harmony between them.
12. What is the introverted or sensory nerve?
(This question came up in 2007)
Answer: The nerves that transmit sensations or stimuli from the senses to the spinal cord and brain are called inward or sensory nerves.
13. Name an anal gland?
(This question came in 2015)
Answer: An anal gland is called the throat gland.
14. What are the human sexual glands known as?
(This question came up in 2006)
Answer: Among the human sexual glands, the male sexual glands are known as the testicles and the female sexual glands are known as the ovaries.
15. Name any one of the sense perceptions received from our perceptual senses?
(This question came up in 2008)
Answer: Any of the sense perceptions received from our perceptual senses is called the ear. With the help of the ear, we perceive sound.
B. SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. What is a receiver?
(This question came up in 2000 and 2008)
Answer: The senses collect or receive various knowledge from the external world and send it to the brain. And the senses through which we receive knowledge are called the receptors.
2. Name any three parts of the human ear?
(This question came up in 2005 and 2009)
Answer: Any three parts of the human ear are called -
1. Outer ears
2. Karna Patah
3. Karna Pallav.
3. Briefly write about the practitioners?
(This question came up in 1999)
Answer: Muscles and glands are called practitioners. The reactions to the stimulus can be observed through the practitioners. There are two types of practitioners
1. Muscles - Flesh muscles help the organs of our body to move smoothly. Muscles contract when they are excited and return to their previous state when the excitation subsides. There are three types of muscles in our body. fine or undepicted muscles, Illustrated muscles ,3. The heart muscle
2. Knots: Knots are a type of practitioner. Glands are the basis for secreting certain juices located in different parts of our body. Its main function is to secrete juice. Glands affect the body's structure, health, performance, personality and intellectual development. Glands secrete a type of chemical substance or juice. The glands can be divided into two categories as -1. 1. The force or golden glands. Excretory or anal glands.
4. Name the four golden glands in the human body?
(This question came up in 2003 and 2009)
Answer: The four golden glands in the human body are -
1. The red glands.
2. Sweat glands.
3. Urinary glands.
4. Lacrimal glands.
5. Name any four senses of the human body?
(This question came up in 2002)
Answer: Any of the four senses in the human body are -
1 . eyes .
2. ear .
3. nose .
4. skin
6. What is an absorptive gland?
(This question came up in 2001)
Answer: The absorptive glands are located in the inner society of the head. It’s called pituitin. This gland controls all the endocrine glands. Absorbent gland juices stimulate other glands, influencing sexual function. The secretion of the anterior part of the absorptive glands controls the growth of the body. The juices from the posterior part of the abdominal glands keep the bladder active.
7. What is the central nervous system?
(This question came up in 1999)
Answer: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The role of the central nervous system is important. The central nervous system helps the nerves in the human body to move from the brain to the spinal cord.
8. Name two important functions of the spinal cord?
(This question came up in 2002 and 2008)
Answer: The two important functions of the spinal cord are -
1. The center of habitual action is the spinal cord. The spinal cord conducts our habitual actions. such as cycling, walking, etc.
2. The spinal cord serves as the junction between the brain and different parts of the body.
9. What is reversible action?
(This question came up in 2001 and 2007)
Answer: The stimulus or excitement in our body caused by a stimulus from the external world through the senses results in a spontaneous reaction is called a counteraction. If you get a knife in your eye, your eye will blink automatically. In such actions, our will does not have the opportunity to work. Examples of reversible actions include sneezing, yawning, and hiccups.
10. What is the golden gland?
(This question came up in 2000)
Answer: The glands that maintain the body's functioning by removing unwanted substances from the body and make the body healthy and strong are called golden glands. There are ducts connected to the golden glands that secrete glandular juices and leave the body through these ducts. Example: The mammary gland secretes milk and saves the baby's life.
11. What is the spinal cord?
(This question came up in 2000)
Answer: The spinal cord is the soft white and gray matter inside our spine. Gray matter consists of neurons and white matter consists of the nervous system. The spinal cord comes through the spine and joins the brain. The spine is made up of 33/34 separate segments of bone. The inside of the bone segment is hollow. This hollow area contains the spinal cord.
12. Name the two main parts of the central nervous system?
(This question came up in 2004 and 2009)
Answer: The two main parts of the central nervous system are -
1. The brain
2. The spinal cord
13. What is the brain?
(This question came up in 2000)
Answer: The white and soft substance inside the skull is called the brain. The brain is an authoritative part of our body. Physical activities are carried out under the direction of the brain. All our sensory areas are located in the brain.
14. What is the larynx?
(This question came up in 2000 and 2010)
Answer: The larynx is located on both sides of our trachea. The normal functioning of the larynx contributes to the physical and mental development of a person. There is a lot of pressure on the growth and beauty of the face. Excessive secretion of throat juice can lead to increased chemical reactions in the body, high blood pressure, insomnia, and nervous weakness.
15. Briefly describe the role of endocrine glands in personality development .
(This question came up in 2008)
Answer : Hormones are the secretions of the endocrine glands. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands mix with the blood of our body and spread throughout the body. These gland juices produce a body chemical reaction in the body and this reaction depends on the personality of the person. Hormones play an important role in the growth and development of our body. Hormones help the endocrine glands to coordinate the functioning of the internal organs of the body and to manage their proper functioning. The endocrine glands affect body structure, health, personality and intellectual development.
16. Name the four functions of human glands?
(This question came up in 2004)
Answer: The four functions of the human glands are -
1. Human glands promote body structure, health, performance, personality and intelligence.
2. The glands cooperate in the production of chemical reactions in the human body and this results in our physical and mental development.
3 . Human glands maintain the body's functioning by removing unwanted substances from the body and help keep the body healthy and strong.
4. Human glands act as a means of responding to stimuli perceived outside and inside the body.
17. What are the three functions of the hypothalamus?
(This question came in 2010)
Answer : The three functions of the hypothalamus are -
1. The hypothalamus serves as the conduit for substances from the spinal cord to the brain.
2. It controls the hypothalamus, sneezing, coughing, redness, and respiration.
3. The hypothalamus helps in blood circulation in the human body.
18. What is biological or physical sensation?
(This question came in 2016)
Answer: Biological or physical sensations are the sensations caused by the action and physical changes of the stomach muscles. Hunger and thirst are examples of biological sensations.
19. What are the three main functions of the central nervous system?
(This question came up in 2008 and 2009)
Answer: The three main functions of the central nervous system are -
1. The main function of the central nervous system is Acquisition of sensory information and knowledge from the nervous system.
2. The central nervous system controls the body's reactions.
3. The main function of the central nervous system is to receive information from different parts of the body and produce physical responses.
4 . The central nervous system plays an important role in providing information about changes in the internal and external environment.
20. Name three types of tastes that the tongue can distinguish ?
(This question came up in 2006)
Answer: The three types of tastes that the tongue can distinguish are:
1. sweet .
2. sour .
3 . bitter .
21. Name two types of golden glands?
(This question came in 2019)
Answer: There are two types of gold glands namely -
1. The red glands.
2. Urinary glands.
22. What are the two main functions of the spinal cord?
(This question came in 2015)
Answer: The two important functions of the spinal cord are -
1. The center of habitual action is the spinal cord. The spinal cord conducts our habitual actions. such as cycling, walking, etc.
2. The spinal cord serves as the junction between the brain and different parts of the body.
23. Draw a diagram of the human brain and show its main parts.
(This question came up in 2008)
Answer :- do by own
24. Write down the two main functions of the cerebellum?
(This question came in 2018)
Answer: The two main functions of the cerebellum are -
1. The main functions of the cerebellum are to achieve physical harmony, maintain physical balance and activate the muscles to establish harmony between them.
2. Controlling habitual activities such as walking and talking is an important function of the cerebellum.
25. Name any four parts of the human eye?
(This question came up in 2004 and 2010)
Answer: Any four parts of the human eye are called -
1. pupil .
2. The ear canal.
3. Akshimuku.
4. The retina.
26. What is meant by conjunction?
(This question came in 2017)
Answer: The higher mental level of address is called conviction. After the combination of previous knowledge and experience, a common idea is formed in our minds called beliefs. For example, a coherent concept is formed about people, cows, cats, the sun, etc. Belief formation is a sequential process.
27. Name the three types of human nervous system?
(This question came up in 2006 and 2010)
Answer: The three types of human nervous system are -
1. the central or principal nervous system.
2. The autonomic nervous system.
3. The peripheral nervous system.
28. Briefly describe the function of the tongue.
(This question came up in 2005)
Answer: The tongue has taste cells that are sweet at the front, salty on both sides, bitter in the middle and bitter on the inside. There are tiny dot-like taste buds on the upper part of the tongue. The taste cells inside it are responsible for taste perception. The taste buds are the main sense of taste. The nerve branches made up of nerve fibers from the taste cells are called the taste buds. When food is eaten, it is mixed with a juice secreted by the taste cells and immediately stimulates the taste buds. That stimulus flows to the brain and then we get the sensation of taste.
29. Briefly write about the spine?
(This question came up in 2005)
Answer: The spinal cord is the soft white and gray matter inside our spine. Gray matter consists of neurons and white matter consists of the nervous system. The spinal cord comes through the spine and joins the brain. The spine consists of 33/34 separate segments of bone. The inside of the bone segment is hollow. This hollow area contains the spinal cord. The spinal cord passes through 27 bone segments and joins the lower brain.
30. Write down the two main functions of the cerebellum?
(This question came in 2019)
Answer: The two main functions of the cerebellum are -
1. The main function of the guru brain is to perform all the functions of sensation, imagination, thought, desire, judgment -intelligence , emotions, memory and attention.
2. The cerebellum initiates, inhibits, and connects or separates the actions that take place between the spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebellum, and other nerve cells or neurons.
C. Essay Type Question:
1. Discuss four ways to remove bad habits?
(This question came in 2016)
Answer: Habit is an automatic and mechanical process. Things that are done many times in a row eventually become automatic and mechanical. Such things happen spontaneously. Work performed in this way is called habitual work.
Four ways to remove bad habits are -
1. Children should be taught hygiene and health care as well as health care.
2. Children's bodies and minds are full of physical and mental energy. The implementation of sports and other co-curricular activities in educational institutions as well as families must be made successful.
3. Children usually like to imitate. They imitate both conscious and unconscious concepts, but unconscious imitation has a greater impact on children's lives.
4. The effect of punishment and reward on children's development is particularly noteworthy. The appropriate use of punishment and reward teaches children what is right and what is wrong.
Only by focusing on such aspects will teachers and parents be successful in removing bad habits from children.
2. What is the sense of smell? Discuss the role of the senses in shaping our mental life.
(This question came up in 2001)
Answer: The senses collect or receive various knowledge from the external world and send it to the brain. And the senses through which we receive knowledge are called the senses of perception. Our eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are our main senses. Each of the senses has different stimuli. Therefore, our sensory perceptions are different.
The senses play a very important role in shaping our mental life. Without the senses, we cannot do anything. And I can't get any sensory feeling. The senses play an immense role in shaping our mental life and expressing our behaviour. Our senses collect or receive various knowledge from the outside world and send it to the brain. The senses are called the senses of perception. The role of our main senses in mental life is -
1. Eye:- The stimulus of the eye is light. The eye is the best and most necessary sense. Through the eyes we see environmental stimuli. The eyes help us to see anything and perform various tasks.
2. Ears: The main senses of perception are the ears and eyes. Stimulating sounds to the ears. With the help of the ear, we perceive sound. The ear helps us to receive sounds and function in everyday life.
3. Nasal:- Nasal stimulating vapors. We use our noses to smell. The nose helps us to recognize objects by getting the sense of smell.
4. Tongue :- Tongue stimulating soluble substances. With the help of the tongue we taste. We can sense sweet, spicy, bitter, salty tastes with the help of our tongue. The tongue helps us in taking food.
5. Skin - Skin stimuli are engineering pressures or thermal forces. With the help of the skin we get the sensation of touch. We gain consciousness through the skin when we are injured.
The senses help us to gain sensation and develop mental aspects. Without the sense of smell, man cannot perform any task.
3. Name the four main parts of the brain?
(This question came in 2018)
Answer: The white and soft substance inside the skull is called the brain. The brain is an authoritative part of our body. Physical activities are carried out under the direction of the brain. All our sensory areas are located in the brain. The normal weight of a human brain is 1450 grams. There are four main parts of the brain:
1. The cerebellum is the largest and most important part of the brain. The cerebellum is divided into two equal hemispheres. The cerebellum is composed of gray and white matter. There are numerous small lines or cracks in the cerebral cortex. The higher this fold, the higher the intelligence of a person. The main function of the guru brain is to perform all the functions of sensation, imagination, thought, desire , judgment -intelligence, emotions, memory and attention.
2. The cerebellum is the largest part of the spinal cord inside the spinal cord. The spinal cord and the brain are connected by the hypothalamus. It consists of gray and white matter. It serves as a pathway for substances from the spinal cord to the brain. It controls the hypothalamus, sneezing, coughing, redness, and respiration.
3 . Bridge Brain: - It is called the bridge brain because it looks like a bridge. It is located above the hypothalamus. The bridge is called a connector because it connects two parts of the cerebellum. The nerves from the cerebellum spread through the bridge brain to different parts of the body.
4. The cerebellum is the part of the cerebellum above the cerebellum and behind the cerebellum. It has two parts and these two parts are again connected by the bridge cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for physical coordination , maintaining physical balance and activating the muscles to establish harmony between them.The cerebellum is an important function for controlling habitual tasks such as walking and talking.
Each part of the brain has its own characteristics that play a special role in our daily activities.
4. Name two types of practitioners. How do these affect the development of human personality?
(This question came up in 2007)
Answer: Muscles and glands are called practitioners. Responses to stimuli can be observed through the practitioners. There are two types of practitioners
1 . Muscles - Flesh muscles help the organs of our body to move smoothly. Muscles contract when they are excited and return to their previous state when the excitation subsides. There are three types of muscles in our body. Fine or unpainted muscles , Illustrated muscles ,3. The heart muscle
2 . Knots: Knots are a type of practitioner. Glands are the basis for secreting certain juices located in different parts of our body. Its main function is to secrete juice. The glands secrete a chemical substance or juice. Glands can be divided into two categories viz.
1. force or golden glands ,
2. Excretory or anal glands.
3. Practitioners play an important role in the development of human personality. Muscles help the body to function properly. Glands affect body structure , health, performance, personality and intellectual development. The glands secrete a kind of chemical simple substance or juice and this chemical fluid is essential for the structure of our body and personality development. The muscles and glands work together to produce chemical reactions in the body and thus make our physical and mental development possible. Contraction and expansion of muscles to help the body run its internal functions properly. Gland secretions from various glands help in digestion and some glands help in blood circulation, and the removal of waste products from the body. Human glands maintain the body's functioning by removing unwanted substances from the body and help keep the body healthy and strong. The secretions from the glands are called hormones. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands mix with the blood of our body and spread throughout the body. These gland juices produce a body chemical reaction in the body and this reaction depends on the personality of the person.
Therefore, it can be said that the role of practitioners in the development of personality is unique. Every practitioner has his own activities that together contribute to the development of personality.
5. Briefly describe the four main functions of the spinal cord.
(This question came in 2017)
Answer: The spinal cord is the soft white and gray matter inside our spine. Gray matter consists of neurons and white matter consists of the nervous system. The spinal cord comes through the spine and joins the brain. The spine consists of 33/34 separate segments of bone. The inside of the bone segment is hollow. This hollow area contains the spinal cord.
The main function of the spinal cord is -
1. The center of habitual action is the spinal cord. The spinal cord conducts our habitual actions. such as cycling, walking, etc.
2. The spinal cord serves as the junction between the brain and different parts of the body.
3. The spinal cord is called the transport pathway because numerous endogenous nerves are carried through the spinal cord to various sensory centers in the brain and from the brain, numerous endogenous nerves spread through the spinal cord to various muscles and glands in the body.
4. The polar marrow is the regulator of reflexes. The stimulus or excitement in our body through the senses caused by a stimulus from the external world is called a spontaneous reaction. Examples of reversible actions include sneezing, yawning, and hiccups.
6. What is the brain? Briefly discuss the different parts of the brain.
(This question came up in 2001)
Answer: The white and soft substance inside the skull is called the brain. The brain is an authoritative part of our body. Physical activities are carried out under the direction of the brain. All our sensory areas are located in the brain. The normal weight of a human brain is 1450 grams. There are four main parts of the brain:
1. Guru Mastishka:- The Guru Mastishka is the largest and most important part. The cerebellum is divided into two equal hemispheres. The cerebellum is composed of gray and white matter. There are numerous small lines or cracks in the cerebral cortex. The higher this fold, the higher the intelligence of a person. The main function of the guru brain is to perform all the functions of sensation, imagination, thought, desire , judgment -intelligence, emotions, memory and attention.
2. The hypothalamus: The spinal cord inside the spine has enlarged in volume and entered the head and this large part is called the hypothalamus. The spinal cord and the brain are connected by the hypothalamus. It consists of gray and white matter. It serves as a pathway for substances from the spinal cord to the brain. It controls the hypothalamus, sneezing, coughing, redness, and respiration.
3. Bridge Brain: - It is called the bridge brain because it looks like a bridge. It is located above the hypothalamus. The bridge is called a connector because it connects two parts of the cerebellum. The nerves from the cerebellum spread through the bridge brain to different parts of the body.
4. The cerebellum is the part of the cerebellum above the cerebellum and behind the cerebellum. It has two parts and these two parts are connected by the bridge brain. The main functions of the cerebellum are to achieve physical harmony, maintain physical balance and activate the muscles to establish harmony between them. Controlling habitual activities such as walking and talking is an important function of the cerebellum.
5. Midbrain:- The midbrain is located in front of the upper part of the cerebellum. It is the root of the brain. It has two parts called Chetaka and Adhichetaka. The function of the thalamus is to send nerve waves from different senses to different sensory centers in the brain. The hypothalamus is the center of control of emotional responses.
7. Why are the senses called the gates of knowledge?
(This question came in 2015)
Answer: The senses collect or receive various knowledge from the external world and send it to the brain. And the senses through which we receive knowledge are called the senses of perception. Our eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are our main senses. Each of the senses has different stimuli. Therefore, our sensory perceptions are different.
The senses help us to acquire knowledge from everything in the external world. The eyes and ears are our most important senses. We cannot acquire any knowledge without the sensations of eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. With the help of the eyes we see everything in the external world and we get all the knowledge about what objects are like, what their color is, what their shape is, etc. from the sense of sight. The ear is a sense with our hearing. The ears enable us to acquire knowledge about various objects by hearing stimulating sounds. We use our noses to smell. The nose helps us to recognize objects by getting the sense of smell. We get taste with the help of wetness. The tongue helps us to understand the needs of things, whether they are good or bad, and to acquire knowledge from them. Through the skin we get the sensation of touch. The skin helps us to perceive the temperature environment. Each sense has its own ability to receive certain sensations. These are the things that help us to gain knowledge from things. Without the senses we can never acquire any knowledge. The senses are the basis of knowledge. The senses are called the gates of knowledge because they give us knowledge of everything.
8. Write down the four differences between sensing and correction?
(This question came in 2016)
Answer: Sensation is the initial consciousness that the mind feels about a stimulus as soon as the senses come into contact with it. Sensation is perceived in the interaction of stimuli, body and mind.
Correction is the active state of the mind that makes the sensations of the senses meaningful and knowledgeable. When a sensation about a stimulus is meaningful, it is called an address.
When sensation is interpreted, it becomes address. So it seems that the relationship between the two is very close. The four differences between sensing and correction are -
1. Sensation is the primary simple sensation of stimulation. But address is a complex mental process.
2. Address is knowledgeable while sensation is not knowledge, it provides elements of knowledge.
3. Sensing is passive, while addressing is an active process. In the case of address, only excitement is accepted, but in the case of sensation, excitement is explained by attention, desire, etc.
4. Sensation is the consciousness of the qualities of objects, but address is the consciousness of qualified existence.
Sensation and address are two layers or levels of the same mental process. There are differences between the two, but the separate existence of the two cannot be easily separated.
9. Name two functions of the cerebellum and the cerebellum?
(This question came in 2016)
Answer: 1. Guru Mastishka:- Guru Mastishka is the largest and most important part. The cerebellum is divided into two equal hemispheres. The cerebellum is composed of gray and white matter. There are numerous small lines or cracks in the cerebral cortex. The higher this fold, the higher the intelligence of a person.
The main function of the master brain is -
1. The main function of the guru brain is to perform all the functions of sensation , imagination, thought desire , judgment -intelligence , emotions, memory attention and so on.
2 . The cerebellum initiates, inhibits, and connects or separates the actions that take place between the spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebellum, and other nerve cells or neurons.
3 . The cerebellum is the part of the cerebellum above the cerebellum and behind the cerebellum. It has two parts and these two parts are again connected by the bridge cerebellum.
. . . . Habitual tasks are controlled by the light brain.
- The two main functions of the cerebellum are -
1. The main functions of the cerebellum are to achieve physical harmony , maintain physical balance and activate the muscles to establish harmony between them.
2. Controlling habitual activities such as walking and talking is an important function of the cerebellum.
The cerebellum and cerebellum have their own functions that help people perform daily tasks.
10. Name the four parts of the eye?
(This question came in 2019)
Answer: Eye: The stimulus of the eye is light. The eye is the best and most necessary sense. The membrane inside the eye opposite the pupil is called the retina. The retina contains two types of receptive cells, rod cells and cone cells. When outside light hits this receptive cell, an electrochemical change occurs and an immediate stimulus occurs. This stimulus sensation is carried to the brain by the flute nerve and we immediately perceive the stimulus.
The four parts of the eye are -
1. pupil.
2. The eyelids.
3 . The retina.
4. The ear canal.
Each part of the eye has its own function. And in the collaboration of all these we see stimuli.
