Chapter: 2
āĻšেā§°ুā§ąা āĻŦāϏāύ্āϤ
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TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
1. What is Saheb looking for in the garbage dumps? Where is he and where has he come from?
(āĻাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻā§ąā§°্āĻāύাā§° āϏ্āϤূāĻĒāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻি āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāĻে? āϤেāĻঁ āĻ'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšিāĻে āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁ āĻ'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšিāĻে?)
Answer: Saheb is a rag picker. Garbage is wrapped in wonder for him. He is looking for “gold” in the garbage dumps. Sometimes he finds a rupee, even a ten rupee note. If luck favours, he can find a silver coin too. There is always hope of finding something more. Saheb has come from Dhaka in Bangladesh. Now he is living in Seemapuri. It is a settlement of rag pickers at the outskirts of Delhi.
āĻাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻāĻāύ āĻিā§°া āĻĒিāĻাā§°। āĻā§ąā§°্āĻāύা āĻŦোā§° āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻļ্āĻā§°্āϝāϤ āĻŽেā§°িāϝ়াāĻ āĻĨোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻā§ąā§°্āĻāύাā§° āϏ্āϤূāĻĒāϤ "āϏোāĻŖ" āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāĻে। āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāĻা, āĻāύāĻি āĻĻāĻš āĻāĻাā§° āύোāĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒাāϝ়। āϝāĻĻি āĻাāĻ্āϝāĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°ে, āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻা ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻā§°ু āĻিāĻŦা āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻāĻļা āĻĨাāĻে। āĻাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĸাāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšিāĻে। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻো āĻĻিāϞ্āϞীā§° āĻāĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āϤ ā§°েāĻ āĻĒিāĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏāϤি।
2. What explanations does the author offer for the children not wearing footwear?
(āĻোāϤা āĻĒā§°িāϧাāύ āύāĻā§°া āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϞেāĻāĻে āĻি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻāĻāĻŦāĻĸ়াāϝ়?)
Answer: Travelling across the country the author has seen poor children walking barefoot, without shoes. One explanation is that it has become a tradition for them to stay barefoot. But the author doubts it. The lack of money is the most valid explanation. Children like Saheb can’t afford shoes. When Saheb gets a pair of shoes he does wear them.
āϏāĻŽāĻ্ā§° āĻĻেāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°ি āϞেāĻāĻে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻোāϤা āĻ āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻাāϞি āĻā§°িā§°ে āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়ি āĻĨāĻা āĻĻেāĻিāĻে। āĻāĻা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻš'āϞ āϝে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻাāϞি āĻā§°িā§°ে āĻĨāĻাāĻো āĻāĻা āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻে। āĻিāύ্āϤু āϞেāĻāĻে āĻāϝ়াāĻ āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻš āĻā§°িāĻে। āϧāύ⧰ āĻ āĻাā§ą āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦৈāϧ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা। āĻাāĻšেāĻŦā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āĻোāϤা āĻā§°āĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻāϝোā§° āĻোāϤা āĻĒাāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒিāύ্āϧে।
3. Is Saheb happy working at the tea-stall? Explain
āĻাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻাāĻš-āώ্āĻāϞāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ি āϏুāĻী āύেāĻি? āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°āĻ
Answer: Saheb doesn’t seem to be happy working at the tea- stall. Now he feels bound and burdened. The steel canister he holds now is very heavy. The plastic bag he used to carry on his shoulder earlier was very light. The bag was his own. The canister belongs to the master. Saheb is no longer his own master.
āĻাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻাāĻšā§° āĻĻোāĻাāύāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ি āϏুāĻী āĻšোā§ąা āϝেāύ āύাāϞাāĻে। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻā§°ু āĻŦোāĻা āĻ āύুāĻā§ą āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϧ⧰ি āĻĨāĻা āώ্āĻীāϞ⧰ āĻেāύিāώ্āĻাā§°āĻো āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻāϧুā§°। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāϤে āĻাāύ্āϧāϤ āĻāĻĸ়িāϝ়াāĻ āύিāϝ়া āĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āĻিāĻā§° āĻŽোāύাāĻো āĻ āϤি āĻĒাāϤāϞ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻŦেāĻāĻো āϤেāĻঁā§° āύিāĻā§° āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻেāύিāώ্āĻাā§°āĻো āĻŽাāώ্āĻাā§°ā§°। āĻাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁā§° āύিāĻā§° āĻŽাāώ্āĻাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়।
4. What makes the city of Firozabad famous?
āĻিāĻšে āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāĻšā§°āĻāύāĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻā§°ি āϤোāϞে?
Answer: Firozabad is famous for its bangles. Every other family in Firozabad is engaged in making bangles. It is the centre of India’s glass- blowing industry. Families have spent generations making bangles for all the women in India.
āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ। āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻো āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞে āĻুāĻĄ়ি āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°াāϤ āύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻāĻে। āĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻā§°ুā§ąা āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°। āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāĻŦোā§°ে āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āϏāĻāϞো āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻুāĻĄ়ি āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°ি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻ āϤিāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻে।
5. Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry?
āĻাঁāĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύেāĻি?
Answer: Workers in the glass bangles industry have to work in sub-human conditions. They have to face many health hazards. They go blind with the dust from polishing the glass of bangles. They work in dark hutments. Moreover, the temperature around the furnaces remains unbearably high.
āĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāĻĒ-āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻীāύ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āĻুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻিāϞাāĻāĻো āĻĒাāϞিāĻļ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒā§°া āϧুāϞিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ āύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āϝাāϝ়। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻāύ্āϧাā§° āĻুāĻĒুā§°িāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āϤāĻĻুāĻĒā§°ি, āĻুāϞ্āϞিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻ āϏāĻšāύীāϝ়āĻাā§ąে āĻāĻ্āĻ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻে।
6. How is Mukesh’s attitude to his situation different from that of his family?
āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŽুāĻেāĻļā§° āĻŽāύোāĻাā§ą āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāϤāĻৈ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ?
Answer: Mukesh belongs to a family of bangle makers. But he has no fascination for bangle- making. He insists on being his own master. He wants to become a motor mechanic. He wants to go to a garage and get the required training for the job.
āĻŽুāĻেāĻļ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤা āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻোāύো āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖ āύাāĻ। āϤেāĻঁ āύিāĻā§° āĻŽাāώ্āĻাā§° āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻোā§° āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻŽāĻā§° āĻŽেāĻাāύিāĻ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻা āĻেā§°েāĻāϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻā§°িāĻোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āϞ'āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে।
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
1. What could be some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities?
āĻাāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ⧰ āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻি āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
Answer: More and more people are migrating to cities. It has become a general trend. People migrate from villages to cities. The reasons for migration are many. First of all, pressure on land is increasing. Land can’t provide job opportunities for all. Over-population and lack of job opportunities have made the people turn to cities. The second reason of migration is the mechanization of farming. Hence, the landless labourers don’t get work at the farms. They are compelled to move to cities for working in industries. The third reason is the destruction of traditional arts and crafts in the villages. Artisans don’t have any market for their goods and crafts in the villages. They need bigger markets for their products. All these factors lead to the migration of people from villages to cities.
āĻ āϧিāĻ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āϞোāĻে āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻŖāϤা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻে। āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻাāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ⧰ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāϤে, āĻূāĻŽিā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাāĻĒ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻāĻে। āĻূāĻŽিāϝ়ে āϏāĻāϞোā§°ে āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻাāĻā§°িā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻ āϤ্āϝাāϧিāĻ āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻā§°িā§° āϏুāϝোāĻā§° āĻ āĻাā§ąā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϞোāĻāϏāĻāϞ āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻূā§°ি āĻāĻšিāĻে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻো āĻš'āϞ āĻৃāώিā§° āϝাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻāĻā§°āĻŖ। āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে, āĻূāĻŽিāĻšীāύ āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻেāϤিāĻĒāĻĨাā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āύাāĻĒাāϝ়। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻে। āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻাā§°āĻŖāĻো āĻš'āϞ āĻাāĻঁāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻāϤ āĻāϞা āĻā§°ু āĻাā§°ুāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāϧ্āĻŦংāϏ। āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻাāĻঁāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী āĻā§°ু āĻাā§°ুāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻোāύো āĻŦāĻাā§° āύাāĻ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻŦāĻাā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ। āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻাā§°āĻā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻাāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ āĻšāϝ়।
2. Would you agree that promises made to poor children are rarely kept? Why do you think this happens in the incidents narrated in the text?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āĻš'āĻŦāύে āϝে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤি āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽāĻšে āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়? āĻĒাāĻ āϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া āĻāĻāύাāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāύে āĻšāϝ় āĻŦুāϞি āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻিāϝ় āĻাāĻŦে?
Answer: Yes, the promises made to the poor children are rarely kept. We live in a hypocritical world. We organise seminars to eliminate child labour in the country. India has the dubious distinction of having maximum numbers of child-workers in the world. The more hazardous the industry, the more child workers it will employ. Take for an example, the firework industry of Sivakashi in Tamil Nadu. Every year scores of children die due to blasts in the factories. The administration sleeps over all these incidents.
Anees Jung presents a genuine analysis of poor children employed in rag picking and bangle-making industry. The children of 10,000 rag pickers of Seemapuri expose the hollow claims of the authorities. The worst part is that it happens just on the outskirts of New Delhi. Rag pickers of Seemapuri and the child workers in the glass industries of Firozabad have never been to schools. They don’t have even shoes. They have no dreams, no initiatives. They are the softest targets for exploitation.
āĻšāϝ়, āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤিāĻŦোā§° āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽāĻšে āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻŽিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°োঁ। āĻāĻŽি āĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āĻĻূā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϞোāĻāύাāĻāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻāϝ়োāĻāύ āĻā§°োঁ। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āĻĨāĻাā§° āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻšāĻāύāĻ āĻৌā§°ā§ą āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻāĻে। āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāĻো āϝিāĻŽাāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻš'āĻŦ, āĻ āϏিāĻŽাāύে āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে, āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাāĻĄুā§° āĻļিā§ąāĻাāĻļীā§° āĻ āĻ্āύিāύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ। āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŦāĻā§°ে āĻাā§°āĻাāύাāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύে āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞো āĻŦোā§° āĻāĻāύাā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻļুāĻ āĻāĻে।
āĻāύিāϏ āĻāĻে ā§°েāĻ āĻĒিāĻিং āĻā§°ু āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°ে। āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীā§° 10,000 ā§°েāĻ āĻĒিāĻাā§°ā§° āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āĻā§°্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ্āώ⧰ āĻĢোঁāĻĒোāϞা āĻĻাāĻŦীāĻŦোā§° āĻāύ্āĻŽোāĻāύ āĻā§°ে। āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻāĻĨাāĻো āĻš'āϞ āϝে āĻāĻāĻো āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāϞ্āϞীā§° āĻāĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āϤ āĻāĻে। āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীā§° ā§°েāĻ āĻĒিāĻাā§° āĻā§°ু āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞ āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āύাāĻ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻোāϤাāĻ āύাāĻ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻোāύো āϏāĻĒোāύ āύাāĻ, āĻোāύো āĻĒāĻĻāĻ্āώেāĻĒ āύাāĻ। āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻļোāώāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻোāĻŽāϞ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ।
3. What forces conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty?
āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻি āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻā§°ে?
Answer: There are certain vested interests and forces that conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty. Anees Jung rightly analyses that there are two distinct worlds operating in Firozabad. The First world consists of families engaged in the business of making bangles. They are exploited and are caught in a web of poverty. The other world consists of “ sahukars” or moneylenders, the middlemen and the policemen. Together under their eyes 20,000 children work illegally in glass furnaces with high temperatures. Even the young fall into the vicious circle of middlemen. These agents trapped their fathers and forefathers as well. If the young get themselves organised they are “hauled up” by the police. “ Years of mind-numbing toil” has killed all initiative in them. They can’t think of organising themselves into a cooperative. Powerful people keep the workers in bangle industry helpless and poor.
āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āύিāĻšিāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাā§°্āĻĨ āĻā§°ু āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻāĻে āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāϤ ā§°াāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻā§°ে। āĻāύিāϏ āĻāĻে āϏāĻ িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻে āϝে āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻāϤ āĻĻুāĻা āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āĻāϞি āĻāĻে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻŦāύোā§ąাā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়āϤ āύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāĻāĻে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻļোāώিāϤ āĻšāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাā§° āĻাāϞāϤ āĻā§ąāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāύāĻāύ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻāĻে "āĻাāĻšুāĻাā§°" āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšাāĻāύ, āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāĻাā§°ী āĻā§°ু āĻā§°āĻ্āώী। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻāĻুā§° āϤāϞāϤ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āĻāĻ্āĻ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻাঁāĻā§° āĻুāϞ্āϞিāϤ āĻ āĻŦৈāϧāĻাā§ąে āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āĻāύāĻি āϝুā§ąāĻ-āϝুā§ąāϤীāϏāĻāϞেāĻ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻĻুāώ্āĻ āĻāĻ্ā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°ে। āĻāĻ āĻāĻেāĻŖ্āĻāϏāĻāϞে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻĒুā§°ুāώāĻো āĻĢাāύ্āĻĻāϤ āĻĒেāϞাāĻāĻিāϞ। āϝāĻĻি āϝুā§ąāĻ-āϝুā§ąāϤীāϏāĻāϞে āύিāĻāĻে āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻā§°ে āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻā§°āĻ্āώীāϝ়ে "āϤুāϞি" āϞāϝ়। "āĻŦāĻšু āĻŦāĻā§°ā§° āĻŽāύ-āĻāĻ ā§° āĻā§°া āĻĒā§°িāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽে" āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻেāώ্āĻাāĻ āĻšāϤ্āϝা āĻā§°িāĻে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āύিāĻāĻে āϏāĻŽāĻŦাāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻাāĻŦিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻā§°ি ā§°াāĻে।
TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
1. How in your opinion, can Mukesh realise his dream?
āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŽāϤে, āĻŽুāĻেāĻļে āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāĻো āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
Answer: Mukesh belongs to a family of bangle-makers. The bangle makers of Firozabad are condemned to lead a life of poverty, misery and exploitation. But Mukesh seems to be an exception. He has not let poverty kill his dreams. He doesn’t want to follow the traditional job of making bangles. He thinks and acts differently than the other members of his family. He dreams to be a motor mechanic. He wants to drive a car one day. Mukesh seems to be determined. It is said that fortune favours the brave. Mukesh’s dream can be converted into a reality. Only he will have to find out a garage where he can be admitted as an apprentice. Within no time he will graduate himself to be a good mechanic. If he wants to become a taxi –driver, first of all he will have to learn how to drive a car. He will get a licence only when he clears the driving test. After that he can join any travel agency as a driver.
āĻŽুāĻেāĻļ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤা āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰। āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤাāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা, āĻĻুāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻļোāώāĻŖā§° āĻীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻā§°িāĻšāĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŽুāĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āϝেāύ āϞাāĻিāĻে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŽাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāĻ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻŦāύোā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύিāĻŦিāĻাā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āĻāύ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āϤুāϞāύাāϤ āĻŦেāϞেāĻ āϧ⧰āĻŖে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻā§° āĻŽেāĻাāύিāĻ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻĻিāύ āĻাāĻĄ়ী āĻāϞাāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে। āĻŽুāĻেāĻļেāĻ āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ্āĻ āϝেāύ āϞাāĻিāĻে। āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ় āϝে āĻাāĻ্āϝāĻ āϏাāĻšāϏীāϏāĻāϞāĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°ে। āĻŽুāĻেāĻļā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāĻ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāϞৈ ā§°ূāĻĒাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āĻেā§ąāϞ āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻা āĻেā§°েāĻ āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŖ্āĻিāĻ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻā§°্āϤি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āĻ āϞāĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤে āϤেāĻঁ āύিāĻāĻে āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϞ āĻŽেāĻাāύিāĻ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ āĻš'āĻŦ। āϝāĻĻি āϤেāĻঁ āĻেāĻ্āϏী -āĻĄ্ā§°াāĻāĻাā§° āĻš'āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽে āϤেāĻঁ āĻাāĻĄ়ী āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻāϞাāĻŦ āϞাāĻে āĻļিāĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻĄ্ā§°াāĻāĻিং āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻāϤ্āϤীā§°্āύ āĻš'āϞেāĻšে āĻ āύুāĻ্āĻাāĻĒāϤ্ā§° āϞাāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āϝিāĻোāύো āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻাāϞāĻ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϝোāĻāĻĻাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
2. Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry?
āĻাঁāĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύেāĻি?
Answer: Working in the glass bangles industry is quite hazardous. It employs about 20,000 children of tender ages. None of them knows that it is illegal for children to work in such industries. But nobody cares for the law in Firozabad. The bangle-makers work in glass furnaces with high temperature. They work in dingy cells without air and light. Their eyes are more adjusted to the dark than to the light outside. That is why they often end up losing their eye sights before they become adults. Mukesh’s grandfather became blind with the dust from polishing the glass of bangles. Year of mind-numbing toil have killed all their initiative and the ability to dream. Thousands of boys and girls sit with their fathers and mothers in dark hutments. They shape pieces of coloured glass into circles of bangles.
āĻাঁāĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াāĻো āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ। āĻ āĻোāĻŽāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুāĻ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻোāύেāĻ āύাāĻাāύে āϝে āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞে āĻāύে āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াāĻো āĻ āĻŦৈāϧ। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻāϤ āĻোāύেāĻ āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে। āĻুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤাāϏāĻāϞে āĻāĻ্āĻ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻĢাā§°্āύেāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻā§°ু āĻĒোāĻšā§° āĻ āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻĄিāĻি āĻোāώāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻāĻু āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻĒোāĻšā§°āϤāĻৈ āĻāύ্āϧাā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦেāĻি āĻŽিāϞাāĻ āϞোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়। āϏেāĻāĻাā§°āĻŖে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤāĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻāĻāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻāĻুā§° āĻĻৃāώ্āĻি āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāϝ়। āĻŽুāĻেāĻļā§° āĻāĻাāĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āĻুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻিāϞাāĻāĻো āĻĒাāϞিāĻļ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒā§°া āϧুāϞিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ āύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻŽāύ āĻāĻ োā§° āĻā§°ি āϤোāϞা āĻĒā§°িāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻŦāĻā§°āĻোā§ąে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°ু āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻাā§° āϏাāĻŽā§°্āĻĨ্āϝāĻ āĻšāϤ্āϝা āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻšাāĻাā§° āϞ'ā§°া āĻā§°ু āĻোā§ąাāϞীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāύ্āϧাā§° āĻুāĻĒুā§°িāϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻĨাāĻে। āĻāĻāĻŦোā§°ে ā§°āĻীāύ āĻ্āϞাāĻā§° āĻুāĻুā§°াāĻŦোā§°āĻ āĻুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤāϤ āĻāĻাā§° āĻĻিāϝ়ে।
3. Why should child labour be eliminated and how?
āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āĻিāϝ় āĻঁāϤ⧰ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻেāύেāĻৈ?
Answer: It is crying shame that India has the maximum number of child-workers in the world. It is a stigma that puts our heads in shame. Childhood is the most tender age. A child needs love and care. It is quite unfortunate that all the major industries employ a large number of child-workers. About 20,000 children work in the furnaces with high temperature in bangles industry in Firozabad. Carpet industry of Mirzapur employs thousands of children. The worst criminals are the firework-factories in Sivakasi. Employment of children in such hazardous industries is illegal. It is banned by the law.
But the laws against child-labour don’t have teeth in them. Those who employ children must be punished. And those who employ them in hazardous industries must be sent behind the bars. Only exemplary punishment can put an end to this shameful practice.
āĻāĻāĻো āϞাāĻā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϝে āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻা āĻāϞāĻ্āĻ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻŽূā§°āĻো āϞাāĻāϤ āĻĒেāϞাāϝ়। āĻļৈāĻļā§ą āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻোāĻŽāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ। āĻļিāĻļু āĻāĻাāĻ āĻŽā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°ু āϝāϤ্āύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ। āĻāĻāĻো āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āĻĻুā§°্āĻাāĻ্āϝāĻāύāĻ āϝে āϏāĻāϞো āĻŽুāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāĻ āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°ে। āĻĢিā§°োāĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻāĻ্āĻ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āĻুāϞ্āϞিāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ে। āĻŽিā§°্āĻাāĻĒুā§°ā§° āĻাā§°্āĻĒেāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻļিāĻļু āύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻāĻে। āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻ āĻĒā§°াāϧী āĻšৈāĻে āĻļিā§ąāĻাāĻļীā§° āĻ āĻ্āύিāύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒāĻ āĻাā§°āĻাāύা। āĻāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻļিāĻļুā§° āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻ āĻŦৈāϧ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ।
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻā§° āĻŦিā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻāĻāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻĻাঁāϤ āύাāĻ। āϝিāϏāĻāϞে āĻļিāĻļুāĻ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। āĻā§°ু āϝিāϏāĻāϞে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻাā§°াāĻাā§°ā§° āĻĒিāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻাāύ্āϤāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻšে āĻāĻ āϞāĻ্āĻাāĻāύāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨাā§° āĻ āύ্āϤ āĻĒেāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
(For Paid User)
(āϏāĻāϞো āĻĒাāĻ ā§° Paid āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŦোā§° āĻাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦ)
by
Bhagyashree Baruah
New Update 2026