Chapter: 2

LOST SPRING
āĻšেā§°ুā§ąা āĻŦāϏāύ্āϤ 

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TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

1. What is Saheb looking for in the garbage dumps? Where is he and where has he come from?

(āϚাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻ†ā§ąā§°্āϜāύাā§° āϏ্āϤূāĻĒāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻ•ি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āφāĻ›ে? āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āφāĻšিāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āφāĻšিāĻ›ে?)

Answer: Saheb is a rag picker. Garbage is wrapped in wonder for him. He is looking for “gold” in the garbage dumps. Sometimes he finds a rupee, even a ten rupee note. If luck favours, he can find a silver coin too. There is always hope of finding something more. Saheb has come from Dhaka in Bangladesh. Now he is living in Seemapuri. It is a settlement of rag pickers at the outskirts of Delhi.

āϚাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻāϜāύ āϚিā§°া āĻĒিāĻ•াā§°। āĻ†ā§ąā§°্āϜāύা āĻŦোā§° āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻļ্āϚ⧰্āϝāϤ āĻŽেā§°িāϝ়াāχ āĻĨোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ†ā§ąā§°্āϜāύাā§° āϏ্āϤূāĻĒāϤ "āϏোāĻŖ" āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϟāĻ•া, āφāύāĻ•ি āĻĻāĻš āϟāĻ•াā§° āύোāϟāĻ“ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒাāϝ়। āϝāĻĻি āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāχ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰ে, āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϟা ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻ“ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āφāĻļা āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϚাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĸাāĻ•াā§° āĻĒā§°া āφāĻšিāĻ›ে। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। āĻāχāϟো āĻĻিāϞ্āϞীā§° āωāĻĒāĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ āϤ ā§°েāĻ— āĻĒিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏāϤি।

2. What explanations does the author offer for the children not wearing footwear?

(āϜোāϤা āĻĒā§°িāϧাāύ āύāϕ⧰া āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āĻ•ি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāϝ়?)

Answer: Travelling across the country the author has seen poor children walking barefoot, without shoes. One explanation is that it has become a tradition for them to stay barefoot. But the author doubts it. The lack of money is the most valid explanation. Children like Saheb can’t afford shoes. When Saheb gets a pair of shoes he does wear them.

āϏāĻŽāĻ—্ā§° āĻĻেāĻļāĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϜোāϤা āĻ…āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻ–াāϞি āĻ­ā§°িā§°ে āĻ–োāϜ āĻ•াāĻĸ়ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›ে। āĻāϟা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āĻš'āϞ āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ–াāϞি āĻ­ā§°িā§°ে āĻĨāĻ•াāϟো āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻš āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āϧāύ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­াā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦৈāϧ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা। āϚাāĻšেāĻŦā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āϜোāϤা āĻ–ā§°āϚ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϚাāĻšেāĻŦে āĻāϝোā§° āϜোāϤা āĻĒাāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒিāύ্āϧে।

3. Is Saheb happy working at the tea-stall? Explain

āϚাāĻšেāĻŦে āϚাāĻš-āώ্āϟāϞāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āϏুāĻ–ী āύেāĻ•ি? āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•

Answer: Saheb doesn’t seem to be happy working  at the tea- stall. Now he feels bound and burdened. The steel canister he holds now is very heavy. The plastic bag he used to carry on his shoulder earlier was very light. The bag was his own. The canister belongs to the master. Saheb is no longer his own master.

āϚাāĻšেāĻŦে āϚাāĻšā§° āĻĻোāĻ•াāύāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āϏুāĻ–ী āĻšোā§ąা āϝেāύ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦাāύ্āϧি āĻĨোā§ąা āφ⧰ু āĻŦোāϜা āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϧ⧰ি āĻĨāĻ•া āώ্āϟীāϞ⧰ āĻ•েāύিāώ্āϟাā§°āϟো āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻ—āϧুā§°। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāĻ—āϤে āĻ•াāύ্āϧāϤ āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āύিāϝ়া āĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟিāϕ⧰ āĻŽোāύাāϟো āĻ…āϤি āĻĒাāϤāϞ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŦেāĻ—āϟো āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āύিāϜ⧰ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•েāύিāώ্āϟাā§°āϟো āĻŽাāώ্āϟাā§°ā§°। āϚাāĻšেāĻŦ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āύিāϜ⧰ āĻŽাāώ্āϟাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়।

4. What makes the city of Firozabad famous?

āĻ•িāĻšে āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻ āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞে?

Answer: Firozabad is famous for its bangles. Every other family in Firozabad is engaged in making bangles. It is the centre of India’s glass- blowing industry. Families have spent generations making bangles for all the women in India.

āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻ āχāϝ়াā§° āϚুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ। āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āφāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϟো āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞে āϚুāĻĄ়ি āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āϕ⧰াāϤ āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে। āχ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻ—্āϞাāĻ› āω⧰ুā§ąা āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°। āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚুāĻĄ়ি āϤৈāϝ়াā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻ…āϤিāĻŦাāĻšিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

5. Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry?

āĻ•াঁāϚ⧰ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύেāĻ•ি?

Answer: Workers in the glass bangles industry have to work in sub-human conditions. They have to face many health hazards. They go blind with the dust from polishing the glass of bangles. They work in dark hutments. Moreover, the temperature around the furnaces remains unbearably high.

 āĻ—্āϞাāĻ› āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āωāĻĒ-āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āϚুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻ—িāϞাāϚāϟো āĻĒাāϞিāĻļ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒā§°া āϧুāϞিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ…āύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āϝাāϝ়। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āφāύ্āϧাā§° āϜুāĻĒুā§°িāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āϤāĻĻুāĻĒā§°ি, āϚুāϞ্āϞিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻ…āϏāĻšāύীāϝ়āĻ­াā§ąে āωāϚ্āϚ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

6. How is  Mukesh’s  attitude to his situation different from that of his family?

āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļā§° āĻŽāύোāĻ­াā§ą āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•?

Answer:  Mukesh belongs to a family of bangle makers. But he has no fascination for bangle- making. He insists on being his own master. He wants to become a motor mechanic. He wants to go to a garage and get the required training for the job.

āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤা āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•োāύো āφāϕ⧰্āώāĻŖ āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻŽাāώ্āϟাā§° āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϜোā§° āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽেāĻ•াāύিāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϟা āĻ—েā§°েāϜāϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে āφ⧰ু āϚাāϕ⧰িāϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϞ'āĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে।

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

1. What could be some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities?

āĻ—াāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ⧰ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻ•ি āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Answer: More and more people are migrating to cities. It has become a general trend. People migrate from villages to cities. The reasons for migration are many. First of all, pressure on land is increasing. Land can’t provide job opportunities for all. Over-population and lack of job opportunities have made the people turn to cities. The second reason of migration is the mechanization of farming. Hence, the landless labourers don’t get work at the farms. They are compelled to move to cities for working in industries. The third reason is the destruction of traditional arts and crafts in the villages. Artisans don’t have any market for their goods and crafts in the villages. They need bigger markets for their products. All these factors lead to the migration of people from villages to cities.

āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āϞোāĻ•ে āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχāϟো āĻāϟা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāĻŖāϤা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›ে। āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻ—াāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ āϕ⧰ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāϤে, āĻ­ূāĻŽিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϚাāĻĒ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে। āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϝ়ে āϏāĻ•āϞোā§°ে āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚাāϕ⧰িā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāϧিāĻ• āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝা āφ⧰ু āϚাāϕ⧰িā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻ…āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āϘূā§°ি āφāĻšিāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āϟো āĻš'āϞ āĻ•ৃāώিā§° āϝাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻ•āϕ⧰āĻŖ। āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে, āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻšীāύ āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻ–েāϤিāĻĒāĻĨাā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āύাāĻĒাāϝ়। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāϟো āĻš'āϞ āĻ—াāĻ“ঁāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āϞা āφ⧰ু āĻ•াā§°ুāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāϧ্āĻŦংāϏ। āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ—াāĻ“ঁāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āφ⧰ু āĻ•াā§°ুāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϜাā§° āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻŦāϜাā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ। āĻāχ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻ—াāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°া āϚāĻšā§°āϞৈ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ āĻšāϝ়।

2. Would you agree that promises made to poor children are rarely kept? Why do you think this happens in the incidents narrated in the text?

āφāĻĒুāύি āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āĻš'āĻŦāύে āϝে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤি āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽāĻšে āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āĻĒাāĻ āϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া āϘāϟāύাāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāύে āĻšāϝ় āĻŦুāϞি āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ­াāĻŦে?

Answer: Yes, the promises made to the poor children are rarely kept. We live in a hypocritical world. We organise seminars to eliminate child labour in the country. India has the dubious distinction of having maximum numbers of child-workers in the world. The more hazardous the industry, the more child workers it will employ. Take for an example, the firework industry of Sivakashi in Tamil Nadu. Every year scores of children die due to blasts in the factories. The administration sleeps over all these incidents.

                 Anees Jung presents a genuine analysis of poor children employed in rag picking and bangle-making industry. The children of 10,000 rag pickers of Seemapuri expose the hollow claims of the authorities. The worst part is that it happens just on the outskirts of New Delhi. Rag pickers of Seemapuri and the child workers in the glass industries of Firozabad have never been to schools. They don’t have even shoes. They have no dreams, no initiatives. They are the softest targets for exploitation.

āĻšāϝ়, āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻļ্ā§°ুāϤিāĻŦোā§° āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽāĻšে āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। āφāĻŽি āĻāĻ• āĻ­āĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻŽিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰োঁ। āφāĻŽি āĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āφāϞোāϚāύাāϚāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āφāϝ়োāϜāύ āϕ⧰োঁ। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻšāϜāύāĻ• āĻ—ৌā§°ā§ą āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āφāĻ›ে। āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϟো āϝিāĻŽাāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦ, āχ āϏিāĻŽাāύে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦ। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে, āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাāĻĄুā§° āĻļিā§ąāĻ•াāĻļীā§° āĻ…āĻ—্āύিāύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—। āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŦāϛ⧰ে āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύাāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύে āĻāχ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŦোā§° āϘāϟāύাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻļুāχ āφāĻ›ে।

 āφāύিāϏ āϜāĻ™ে ā§°েāĻ— āĻĒিāĻ•িং āφ⧰ু āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ে। āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীā§° 10,000 ā§°েāĻ— āĻĒিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āϕ⧰্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώ⧰ āĻĢোঁāĻĒোāϞা āĻĻাāĻŦীāĻŦোā§° āωāύ্āĻŽোāϚāύ āϕ⧰ে। āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨাāϟো āĻš'āϞ āϝে āĻāχāϟো āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāϞ্āϞীā§° āωāĻĒāĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ āϤ āϘāϟে। āϏীāĻŽাāĻĒুā§°ীā§° ā§°েāĻ— āĻĒিāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻ—্āϞাāĻ› āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϜোāϤাāĻ“ āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ•োāύো āϏāĻĒোāύ āύাāχ, āĻ•োāύো āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āύাāχ। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻļোāώāĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•োāĻŽāϞ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ।

3. What forces conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty?

āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ•ি āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āϕ⧰ে?

Answer: There are certain vested interests and forces that conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty. Anees Jung rightly analyses that there are two distinct worlds operating in Firozabad. The First world consists of families engaged in the business of making bangles. They are exploited and are caught in a web of poverty. The other world consists of “ sahukars” or moneylenders, the middlemen and the policemen. Together under their eyes 20,000 children work illegally in glass furnaces with high temperatures. Even the young fall into the vicious circle of middlemen. These agents trapped their fathers and forefathers as well. If the young get themselves organised they are “hauled up” by the police. “ Years of mind-numbing toil” has killed all initiative in them. They can’t think of organising themselves into a cooperative. Powerful people keep the workers in bangle industry helpless and poor.

āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āύিāĻšিāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাā§°্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›ে āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āϕ⧰ে। āφāύিāϏ āϜāĻ™ে āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āϝে āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āĻŦāύোā§ąাā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়āϤ āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞāφāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻļোāώিāϤ āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাā§° āϜাāϞāϤ āĻ†ā§ąāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϝ়। āφāύāĻ–āύ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āφāĻ›ে "āϚাāĻšুāĻ•াā§°" āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšাāϜāύ, āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāĻ•াā§°ী āφ⧰ু āφ⧰āĻ•্āώী। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϚāĻ•ুā§° āϤāϞāϤ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āωāϚ্āϚ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•াঁāϚ⧰ āϚুāϞ্āϞিāϤ āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧāĻ­াā§ąে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āφāύāĻ•ি āϝুā§ąāĻ•-āϝুā§ąāϤীāϏāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāĻ•াā§°ীā§° āĻĻুāώ্āϟ āϚāĻ•্ā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°ে। āĻāχ āĻāϜেāĻŖ্āϟāϏāĻ•āϞে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦāĻĒুā§°ুāώāĻ•ো āĻĢাāύ্āĻĻāϤ āĻĒেāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϝāĻĻি āϝুā§ąāĻ•-āϝুā§ąāϤীāϏāĻ•āϞে āύিāϜāĻ•ে āϏংāĻ—āĻ িāϤ āϕ⧰ে āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āφ⧰āĻ•্āώীāϝ়ে "āϤুāϞি" āϞāϝ়। "āĻŦāĻšু āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻŽāύ-āϜāĻ ā§° āϕ⧰া āĻĒā§°িāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽে" āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āϚেāώ্āϟাāĻ• āĻšāϤ্āϝা āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āύিāϜāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽāĻŦাāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻ িāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻšাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āϕ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–ে।

TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT

1. How in your opinion, can Mukesh realise his dream?

āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŽāϤে, āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāϟো āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?

Answer: Mukesh belongs to a family of bangle-makers. The bangle makers of Firozabad are condemned to lead a life of poverty, misery and exploitation. But Mukesh seems to be an exception. He has not let poverty kill his dreams. He doesn’t want to follow the traditional job of making bangles. He thinks and acts differently than the other members of his family. He dreams to be a motor mechanic. He wants to drive a car one day. Mukesh seems to be determined. It is said that fortune favours the brave. Mukesh’s dream can be converted into a reality. Only he will have to find out a garage where he can be admitted as an apprentice. Within no time he will graduate himself to be a good mechanic. If he wants to become a taxi –driver, first of all he will have to learn how to drive a car. He will get a licence only when he clears the driving test. After that he can join any travel agency as a driver.

āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤা āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰। āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤাāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা, āĻĻুāĻ– āφ⧰ু āĻļোāώāĻŖā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—ā§°িāĻšāĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļ āĻāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—িāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŽাā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āĻŦāύোā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύিāĻŦিāϚাā§°ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āφāύ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϤুāϞāύাāϤ āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āϧ⧰āĻŖে āϚিāύ্āϤা āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϜāύ āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŽেāĻ•াāύিāĻ• āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻ–ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻĻিāύ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ী āϚāϞাāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে। āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļেāχ āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϜ্āĻž āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—িāĻ›ে। āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ় āϝে āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāχ āϏাāĻšāϏীāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰ে। āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļā§° āϏāĻĒোāύāĻ• āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāϞৈ ā§°ূāĻĒাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϟা āĻ—েā§°েāϜ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāωāϞিāϝ়াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŖ্āϟিāĻ› āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ­ā§°্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜāĻ•ে āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াāϞ āĻŽেāĻ•াāύিāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦ। āϝāĻĻি āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϟেāĻ•্āϏী -āĻĄ্ā§°াāχāĻ­াā§° āĻš'āĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ী āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϚāϞাāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĄ্ā§°াāχāĻ­িং āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāϤ āωāϤ্āϤীā§°্āύ āĻš'āϞেāĻšে āĻ…āύুāϜ্āĻžাāĻĒāϤ্ā§° āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āϚাāϞāĻ• āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

2. Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangles industry?

āĻ•াঁāϚ⧰ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύেāĻ•ি?

Answer: Working in the glass bangles industry is quite hazardous. It employs about 20,000 children of tender ages. None of them knows that it is illegal for children to work in such industries. But nobody cares for the law in Firozabad. The bangle-makers work in glass furnaces with high temperature. They work in dingy cells without air and light. Their eyes are more adjusted to the dark than to the light outside. That is why they often end up losing their eye sights before they become adults. Mukesh’s grandfather became blind with the dust from polishing the glass of bangles. Year of mind-numbing toil have killed all their initiative and the ability to dream. Thousands of boys and girls sit with their fathers and mothers in dark hutments. They shape pieces of coloured glass into circles of bangles.

āĻ•াঁāϚ⧰ āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াāϟো āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ•। āχ āĻ•োāĻŽāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুāĻ• āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ•োāύেāĻ“ āύাāϜাāύে āϝে āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāύে āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻāϤ āĻ•োāύেāĻ“ āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϚুāĻĄ়ি āύিā§°্āĻŽাāϤাāϏāĻ•āϞে āωāϚ্āϚ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ—্āϞাāĻ› āĻĢাā§°্āύেāϚāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āφ⧰ু āĻĒোāĻšā§° āĻ…āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻĄিāĻ™ি āĻ•োāώāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϚāĻ•ু āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻĒোāĻšā§°āϤāĻ•ৈ āφāύ্āϧাā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦেāĻ›ি āĻŽিāϞাāχ āϞোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়। āϏেāχāĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤāĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ• āĻšোā§ąাā§° āφāĻ—āϤে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϚāĻ•ুā§° āĻĻৃāώ্āϟি āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāϝ়। āĻŽুāĻ•েāĻļā§° āĻ•āĻ•াāĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ• āϚুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻ—িāϞাāϚāϟো āĻĒাāϞিāĻļ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒā§°া āϧুāϞিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ…āύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻ োā§° āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞা āĻĒā§°িāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻŦāϛ⧰āϟোā§ąে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āϚেāώ্āϟা āφ⧰ু āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻ–াā§° āϏাāĻŽā§°্āĻĨ্āϝāĻ• āĻšāϤ্āϝা āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻšাāϜাā§° āĻšাāϜাā§° āϞ'ā§°া āφ⧰ু āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āϏৈāϤে āφāύ্āϧাā§° āϜুāĻĒুā§°িāϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāχāĻŦোā§°ে ā§°āĻ™ীāύ āĻ—্āϞাāϚ⧰ āϟুāĻ•ুā§°াāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āϚুāĻĄ়িā§° āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤāϤ āφāĻ•াā§° āĻĻিāϝ়ে।

3. Why should child labour be eliminated and how?

āĻļিāĻļু āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ•িāϝ় āφঁāϤ⧰ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ?

Answer: It is crying shame that India has the maximum number of child-workers in the world. It is a stigma that puts our heads in shame. Childhood is the most tender age. A child needs love and care. It is quite unfortunate that all the major industries employ a large number of child-workers. About 20,000 children work in the furnaces with high temperature in bangles industry in Firozabad. Carpet industry of Mirzapur employs thousands of children. The worst criminals are the firework-factories in Sivakasi. Employment of children in such hazardous industries is illegal. It is banned by the law.

                  But the laws against child-labour don’t have teeth in them. Those who employ children must be punished. And those who employ them in hazardous industries must be sent behind the bars. Only exemplary punishment can put an end to this shameful practice.

āĻāχāϟো āϞাāϜ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϝে āĻ­াā§°āϤāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āφāĻ›ে। āĻāχāϟো āĻāϟা āĻ•āϞāĻ™্āĻ• āϝিāϝ়ে āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŽূā§°āϟো āϞাāϜāϤ āĻĒেāϞাāϝ়। āĻļৈāĻļā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•োāĻŽāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ। āĻļিāĻļু āĻāϟাāĻ• āĻŽā§°āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āϝāϤ্āύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ। āĻāχāϟো āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāϜāύāĻ• āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āχ āĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰ে। āĻĢিā§°োāϜাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āϚুāĻĄ়ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āωāϚ্āϚ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় 20,000 āĻļিāĻļুā§ąে āϚুāϞ্āϞিāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে। āĻŽিā§°্āϜাāĻĒুā§°ā§° āĻ•াā§°্āĻĒেāϟ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻšাāϜাā§° āĻšাāϜাā§° āĻļিāĻļু āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āφāĻ›ে। āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻ…āĻĒā§°াāϧী āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻļিā§ąāĻ•াāĻļীā§° āĻ…āĻ—্āύিāύিā§°্āĻŦাāĻĒāĻ• āĻ•াā§°āĻ–াāύা। āĻāύে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻļিāĻļুā§° āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧ। āĻāχāϟো āφāχāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āύিāώিāĻĻ্āϧ।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻļিāĻļু-āĻļ্ā§°āĻŽিāϕ⧰ āĻŦিā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧে āφāχāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻĻাঁāϤ āύাāχ। āϝিāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻļিāĻļুāĻ• āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āφ⧰ু āϝিāϏāĻ•āϞে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•াā§°াāĻ—াā§°ā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āĻĢাāϞে āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāĻšে āĻāχ āϞāϜ্āϜাāϜāύāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ āĻĒেāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।


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