Chapter: 5
INDIGO
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TEXTBOOK EXCERCISE
Strike out what is not true in the following:
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϝি āϏঁāĻা āύāĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ āĻāĻাāϤ āĻā§°āĻ:
a) Rajkumar shukla was
āĻ) ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻļুāĻ্āϞা āĻāĻিāϞ
i) A sharecropper
āĻāĻāύ āĻļ্āĻŦেāϝ়াā§°āĻ্ā§°āĻĒাā§°
ii) a politician
āĻāĻāύ ā§°াāĻāύীāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻ
ii) Delegate
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāύিāϧি
iv) a landlord
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°
Answer: a landlord
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°
b) Rajkumar Shukla was
(āĻ) ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻļুāĻ্āϞা āĻāĻিāϞ
i) Poor
āĻĻুāĻীāϝ়া
ii) physically strong
āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী
iii) Illiterate
āύিā§°āĻ্āώ⧰
Answer: physically strong
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী
2) Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being “resolute”?
ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻিāϝ় "āĻĻৃāĻĸ়" āĻŦুāϞি āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে?
Answer: Rajkumar shula wanted Gandhi to take up the cause of the poor peasants in champaran. He met Gandhi in the Lucknow session of the congress. But Gandhi had many engagements in different parts of India. Shukla accompanied Gandhi everywhere. He waited till Gandhi was free. Gandhi was impressed by his tenacity and finally went to with him.
ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻļুāϞাāĻ āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖāϤ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻংāĻ্ā§°েāĻā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āĻŖৌ āĻ āϧিā§ąেāĻļāύāϤ āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āϞāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤāϤা āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻāϞোāĻ াāĻāϤে āĻৈāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧী āĻŽুāĻ্āϤ āύোāĻšোā§ąাāϞৈāĻে āϤেāĻঁ āĻ āĻĒেāĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧী āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĻৃāĻĸ়āϤাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻ ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻৈāĻিāϞ।
3) Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻিāϝ় āĻাāĻŦে āϝে āϏেā§ąāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āĻāύ āĻāĻāύ āĻৃāώāĻ āĻŦুāϞি āĻাāĻŦিāĻিāϞ?
Answer: In Patna, Shukla led Gandhi to the house of a lawyer. Rajendra Prasad. The servants knew Shukla. He was a poor peasant of Champaran. He always troubled Rajendra Prasad to take up the cause of the indigo sharecroppers of Champaran. So the servants took Gandhi to be another peasant.
āĻĒাāĻāύাāϤ, āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻীāϞ⧰ āĻā§°āϞৈ āϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ। ā§°াāĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাāĻĻ। āϏেā§ąāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āĻিāύি āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻৃāώāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় ā§°াāĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাāĻĻāĻ āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖā§° āύীāϞ āĻাāĻ-āĻŦāϤ⧰াāĻাā§°ীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϤ āĻĒেāϞাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāĻে āϏেā§ąāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āĻāύ āĻāĻāύ āĻৃāώāĻ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϞৈāĻিāϞ।
4) List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with shukla and his arrival at champaran?
āĻļুāĻ্āϞাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āϏাāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖāϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻāĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āϤাāϞিāĻাāĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύেāĻি?
Answer: Gandhi met Shukla in Lucknow. He had appointments in other parts of India. Then Gandhi returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad. Shukla accompanied him everywhere. Gandhi visited Calcutta. From there they boarded a train for Patna in Bihar. Then he came to Muzaffarpur and from there to Motihari. Then finally, he came to Champaran.
āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āϞāĻ্āώ্āĻŖৌāϤ āϞāĻ āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤāϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻāĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻাāύ্āϧী āĻāĻšāĻŽেāĻĻাāĻŦাāĻĻā§° āĻāĻā§°ā§° āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽāϞৈ āĻāĻāϤি āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ। āĻļুāĻ্āϞাāĻ āϏāĻāϞো āĻ াāĻāϤে āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻৈāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻāϞিāĻāϤা āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻŦিāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻĒাāĻāύাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻāύ ā§°েāϞāϤ āĻāĻ িāĻিāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻŽুāĻাāĻĢাā§°āĻĒুā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŽāϤিāĻšাā§°ীāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻ ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ, āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāϞ।
5) What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want instead and why? Why would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo?
āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻাāĻĄ়া āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻি āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ? āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻে āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻি āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻিāϝ়? āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āύীāϞ⧰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āϏংāĻļ্āϞেāώিāϤ āύীāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻিāϝ় āĻš'āĻŦ?
Answer: The peasants were forced to plant 15% of their holdings with indigo. They surrendered the entire indigo harvest as rent. Presently Germany had developed synthetic indigo. Indigo plantation was no more profitable. Now the landlords wanted compensation for freeing the peasants. The peasants saw through their tricks.
āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° 15% āĻšোāϞ্āĻĄিং āύীāϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে ā§°োāĻĒāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻোāĻেāĻ āύীāϞ āĻļāϏ্āϝāĻাāĻĄ়া āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাā§°্āĻŽাāύীāϝ়ে āϏংāĻļ্āϞেāώিāϤ āύীāϞ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāĻো āĻেāϤি āĻā§°ু āϞাāĻāĻāύāĻ āύাāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞে āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻŽুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻৌāĻļāϞ⧰ āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻĻেāĻিāĻিāϞ।
6) The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi’s method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of satyagraha and non-violence?
āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻāĻ āĻ ংāĻļā§° āĻāĻāύাāĻŦোā§°ে āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ে। āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻিāύাāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে āĻā§°ু āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§°āĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āϏāϤ্āϝাāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ু āĻ āĻšিংāϏাā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?
Answer: Gandhi had a deep respect for legal authority. But he could defy the authorities when they violated natural justice and human values. He received an official notice to quite Champaran immediately. Gandhi declared that he would defy the order. For him the “voice of conscience” was above any law. All these instances link them to his ideas of “satyagraha” and non-violence.
āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻāĻāύী āĻā§°্āϤৃāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻীā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąীāϝ় āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦোāϧ āĻāϞংāĻা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āĻā§°্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ্āώāĻ āĻ āϏ্āĻŦীāĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āϞāĻে āϞāĻে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖāĻ āĻāĻা āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻাāύāύী āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻĻেāĻļāĻো āĻ āĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে "āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻā§° āĻāĻŖ্āĻ āϏ্āĻŦā§°" āϝিāĻোāύো āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻā§°্āϧāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖে āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§°āĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° "āϏāϤ্āϝাāĻ্ā§°āĻš" āĻā§°ু āĻ āĻšিংāϏাā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻā§°ে।
7) Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 percent refund to the farmers?
āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻূā§°াāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিāϤ āĻিāϝ় āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ?
Answer: The landlords feared that Gandhi would demand repayment of all money. He asked only for 50%. Then the planters offered to refund 25% of the money. Gandhi agreed. Gandhi explained that the amount of the refund was less important. The landlords were humbled. They were compelled to surrender part of the money and their prestige.
āĻূāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāϏāĻāϞে āĻāĻļংāĻা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āϏāĻāϞো āϧāύ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ⧰ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻেā§ąāϞ 50% āĻŦিāĻাā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ ā§°োāĻĒāĻŖāĻাā§°ীāϏāĻāϞে 25% āĻāĻা āĻূā§°াāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ą āĻĻিāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝে āϧāύ āĻূā§°াāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻāĻŽ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞ āĻŦিāύāĻŽ্ā§° āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āϧāύ⧰ āĻিāĻু āĻ ংāĻļ āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
8) How did the episode change the plight of the peasants?
āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻোā§ąে āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĻুā§°্āĻĻāĻļা āĻেāύেāĻৈ āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°িāϞে?
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
1. Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning-point in his life?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻিāϝ় āĻাāĻŦে āϝে āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻোāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻāĻ āĻাā§°্āĻŖিং āĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āĻŦুāϞি āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
Or
āĻŦা
How did the Champaran episode prove to be a turning point in Gandhiji’s life? Explain with reference to the text, Indigo.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻো āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻীā§° āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻাā§°্āĻŖিং āĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖিāϤ āĻš'āϞ? āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āϏāύ্āĻĻā§°্āĻāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ, āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāĻো।
Answer: The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi’s life. Gandhi himself accepted it. It was the first mass movement in India. Gandhi took up the cause of the poor peasants. He fought against the injustices of the cruel landlords. They extorted money from the poor sharecroppers. But Champaran didn’t begin as an act of defiance. The movement grew out of Gandh’s attempt to remove the distress of thousands of poor peasants. It was a typical Gandhian movement.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻো āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻাā§°্āĻŖিং āĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āύিāĻেāĻ āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻŖ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āύিāώ্āĻ ুā§° āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ়ā§° āĻŦিā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧে āϝুঁāĻ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻ ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϧāύ āϏংāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖে āĻ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাā§° āĻাāĻŽ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°া āύাāĻিāϞ। āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻৃāώāĻā§° āĻĻুāĻ āĻĻূā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻাāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻেāώ্āĻাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻāĻিāϞ।
The success of Champaran marked the first victory of the Civil Disobedience in modern India. The amount of the refund money was less important. More important was that English landlords were forced to surrender part of the money. Previously they behaved as lords above the law. Now the Indian peasants had people to defend their rights.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻĢāϞāϤাāĻ āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻŽাāύ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻāϝ় āĻিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϧāύ āĻূā§°াāĻ āĻĻিāϝ়াāϧāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻāĻŽ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻংā§°াāĻ āĻāĻŽিāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞে āϧāύ⧰ āĻিāĻু āĻ ংāĻļ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāϤে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻā§°্āϧāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻু āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻāĻā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻৃāώāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻā§°āϤ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻāĻিāϞ।
Above all, the Champaran episode was the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British.
āϏ⧰্āĻŦোāĻĒā§°ি, āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻো āĻāĻিāϞ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāϝ়ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻŽুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻāĻŖি।
2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers? Give instances.
āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ? āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ।
Answer: The role of the lawyers in Champaran movement was quite significant . The news of Gandhi’s advent spread among the lawyers of Muzaffarpur. They called on Gandhi to brief him. Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big fees from the poor sharecroppers. Law courts were useless for them.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻāĻāĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāĻŦā§° āĻŽুāĻাāĻĢাā§°āĻĒুā§°ā§° āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻŦিāϝ়āĻĒি āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻ ā§ąāĻāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύ āĻāύাāĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āĻ ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻŽাāĻুāϞ āϏংāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻ্āϝাāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤāĻŦোā§° āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻāĻিāϞ।
The lawyers from Bihar were again in the news. Gandhi was going to be tried in the court. Rajendra Prasad, and several other prominent lawyers had arrived from Bihar to support him. Gandhi asked what they would do if he was sentenced to prison. A senior lawyer replied that if he went to jail, they would go home.
āĻŦিāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞ āĻĒুāύ⧰ āĻŦাāϤ⧰িāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻ āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤāϤ āĻŦিāĻাā§° āĻā§°া āĻš'āĻŦ। ā§°াāĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাāĻĻ āĻā§°ু āĻāύ āĻেāĻāĻŦাāĻāύো āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ āĻ āϧিāĻŦāĻ্āϤা āĻŦিāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻঁāĻ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āϏুāϧিāĻিāϞ āϝে āϝāĻĻি āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻাā§°াāĻাā§°ā§° āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻি āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āĻāĻāύ āĻ্āϝেāώ্āĻ āĻ āϧিāĻŦāĻ্āϤাāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ āϝে āϝāĻĻি āϤেāĻঁ āĻাā§°াāĻাā§°āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়, āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻ āĻā§°āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ।
Gandhi was disappointed. He asked what would happen to the sharecroppers if he went to jail. Who would fight for them? The lawyers felt ashamed. They thought that going home would be “shameful desertion”. They told him that they were ready to follow him into jail. Gandhi was more than satisfied. He declared: “The battle of Champaran is won”.
āĻাāύ্āϧী āĻšāϤাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āϏুāϧিāĻিāϞ āϝে āϝāĻĻি āϤেāĻঁ āĻাā§°াāĻাā§°āϞৈ āϝাāϝ় āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻাāĻ-āĻŦāϤ⧰া āĻাā§°ীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻি āĻš'āĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻোāύে āϝুঁāĻিāĻŦ? āĻāĻীāϞāϏāĻāϞে āϞাāĻ āĻ āύুāĻā§ą āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻাāĻŦিāĻিāϞ āϝে āĻā§°āϞৈ āϝোā§ąাāĻো "āϞāĻ্āĻাāĻāύāĻ āϤ্āϝাāĻ" āĻš'āĻŦ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻৈāĻিāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻাā§°াāĻাā§°āϞৈ āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏাāĻু āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧী āĻ āϧিāĻ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁ āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ: "āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖā§° āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻিāĻিāĻে"।
3. What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of “home rule”
āϏ⧰ু āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞāϤ āĻāĻĄ় āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ়ā§° "āĻৃāĻš āĻļাāϏāύ"ā§° āĻ āϧিāĻŦāĻ্āϤাāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŽāύোāĻাā§ą āĻি āĻāĻিāϞ
Answer:- It is true that before the advent of Gandhi, there was no mass movement in India. The common masses were totally indifferent and unorganised. They were crushed and exploited by the landlords. The attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities was quite indifferent or evasive. They were afraid to show sympathy for advocates of home rule.
āĻāϝ়া āϏঁāĻা āϝে āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻāĻāĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāĻāϤে āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻোāύো āĻāĻŖ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻšোā§ąা āύাāĻিāϞ। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻāύāϤা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖāĻāĻĻাāϏীāύ āĻā§°ু āĻ āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āĻূāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽীāϏāĻāϞে āĻূā§°্āĻŖ-āĻŦিāĻূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°ু āĻļোāώāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϏ⧰ু āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāĻĄ় āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ়ā§° āĻŽāύোāĻাā§ą āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύ āĻŦা āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻā§°ুā§ąা āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻ āϧিāĻŦāĻ্āϤাāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϏāĻšাāύুāĻূāϤি āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϝ় āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Gandhi brought the average Indian away from this isolation and indifference. Some leaders like J.B. Kripalani and Prof. Malkani were with Gandhiji. Kripalani was present at the station with a large body of students. Gandhi stayed for two days in the home of Professor Malkani. It was quite a courageous and extraordinary things in those days to give shelter to a man like Gandhi.
āĻাāύ্āϧীāϝ়ে āĻāĻĄ় āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ়āĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻিāύ্āύāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻঁāϤ⧰াāĻ āĻāύিāĻিāϞ। āĻে.āĻŦি āĻৃāĻĒাāϞাāύি āĻā§°ু āĻ āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻŽাāϞāĻাāύিā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āύেāϤা āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻৃāĻĒাāϞাāύি āĻাāϤ্ā§°-āĻাāϤ্ā§°ীā§° āĻāĻা āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻļā§°ীā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āώ্āĻেāĻāύāϤ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧী āĻ āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻŽাāϞāĻাāύিā§° āĻā§°āϤ āĻĻুāĻĻিāύ ā§°ৈāĻিāϞ। āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ āĻāĻļ্ā§°āϝ় āĻĻিāϝ়াāĻো āϏেāĻ āĻĻিāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ āϏাāĻšāϏী āĻā§°ু āĻ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāĻিāϞ।
But J.B. Kripalani and Professor Malkani were exceptional cases. The average Indian in smaller localities preferred to be indifferent to such burning issues.
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻে.āĻŦি āĻৃāĻĒাāϞাāύি āĻā§°ু āĻ āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻŽাāϞāĻাāύি āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽী āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻিāϞ। āϏ⧰ু āĻ āĻ্āĻāϞāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻāĻĄ় āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ়āϏāĻāϞে āĻāύে āĻ্āĻŦāϞāύ্āϤ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύ āĻšোā§ąাāĻো āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?
āĻāĻŽি āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ āϝে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāĻšেāĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āĻ ā§°িāĻšāĻŖা āϝোāĻাāĻāĻিāϞ?
Answer:- The freedom movement could not have been successful without the participation of ordinary people. Before Gandhi common masses were indifferent to the freedom movement. It was the advent of Gandhi which brought the struggle for freedom even to the huts of the millions. The Champaran episode was a turning –point in the life of Gandhi. It was a milestone in the long freedom movement. The civil Disobedience emerged victorious for the first time in modern India.
āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ āĻŦিāĻšāύে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻš'āĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞেāĻšেঁāϤেāύ। āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻāĻāϤে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻāύāϤা āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻāĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻিāϞ āϝিāϝ়ে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাā§° āϏংāĻ্ā§°াāĻŽāĻāύāĻি āϞাāĻ āϞাāĻ āϞোāĻā§° āĻুāĻিāϞৈāĻ āϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻো āĻাāύ্āϧীā§° āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻāĻ āĻাā§°্āĻŖিং-āĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāĻো āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻŽাāĻāϞ⧰ āĻুঁāĻি āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻāϝ়ী āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
The participation of the ordinary people continued in every movement. Not only men but thousands of women also worked with them. The boycott of the British goods was organised on a largescale in every city and town. Similarly, the Quit India movement of 1942 involved crores of people. The participation of masses in the freedom movement unnerved the British. That started the beginning of the end of the British rule in India.
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻো āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻĒুā§°ুāώেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ় āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻšাāĻাā§° āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীāĻŦā§°্āĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻāύ āĻāĻšā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāĻšā§°āϤ āĻŦৃāĻšā§ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻāϝ়োāĻāύ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻেāĻĻā§°ে, ⧧⧝ā§Ē⧍ āĻāύ⧰ āĻাā§°āϤ āϤ্āϝাāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āĻোāĻি āĻোāĻি āϞোāĻ āĻāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύāϤ āĻāύāϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖে āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻŦিāĻāϞিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻāĻোā§ąে āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤিā§° āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻāĻŖি āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।