Chapter: 11

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum
āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻāϟা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ া


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TEXT BOOK EXERCISES
THINK IT OUT

1. Tick the item which best answers the following.
(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏ⧰্āĻŦāĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ  āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϝ়া āφāχāϟেāĻŽāϟোāϤ āϟিāĻ• āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।)

a) The tall girl with her head weighed down means, the girl
(āĻŽূā§°āϟো āĻ“āϜāύ āϕ⧰া āĻ“āĻ– āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীāϜāύীā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে, āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীāϜāύী)

I)is ill and exhausted
i) āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āĻ•্āϞাāύ্āϤ                         
ii)has her head bent with shame
ii) āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽূā§°āϟো āϞাāϜāϤ āĻŦেঁāĻ•া āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে
 iii) has untidy hair
iii) āĻ…āĻĒā§°িāϚ্āĻ›āύ্āύ āϚুāϞি āφāĻ›ে
 
Answer:- Is ill and exhausted
āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āĻ­াāĻ—ā§°ুā§ąা
 

b) The paper-seeming boy, with rat’s eyes means, the boy is
(āĻ•াāĻ—āϜ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϞ⧰া, āύিāĻ—āύিā§° āϚāĻ•ুā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে, āϞ⧰া)
I)Sly and secretive
āϧোঁā§ąাāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ—োāĻĒāύীāϝ়
ii)thin, hungry and weak 
āĻ•্āώীāĻŖ, āĻ­োāĻ•াāϤুā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ
iii) unpleasant looking
āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻĻেāĻ–া
Answer:- ii) thin, hungry and weak
 āĻ•্āώীāĻŖ, āĻ­োāĻ•াāϤুā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ

c) The stunted, unlucky heir of twisted bones means, the boy
(āĻĒাāĻ• āĻ–োā§ąা āĻšাāĻĄ়ā§° āĻ…ā§ąā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧ, āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāϜāύāĻ• āωāϤ্āϤ⧰াāϧিāĻ•াā§°ীāĻŽাāύে, āϞ⧰া)
i)has an inherited disability
āĻāϟা āωāϤ্āϤ⧰াāϧিāĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•āϞাāĻ™্āĻ—āϤা āφāĻ›ে
ii)was, short and bony
āφāĻ›িāϞ, āϚুāϟি āφ⧰ু āĻšাāĻĄ়ā§°
Answer:- i)has an inherited disability
āĻāϟা āωāϤ্āϤ⧰াāϧিāĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻ•āϞাāĻ™্āĻ—āϤা āφāĻ›ে

d) His eyes live in a dream of squirrel’s game, in the tree room, other than this means, the boy is
(āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϚāĻ•ুā§ąে āĻ•াāĻ āĻŦিāϞাāϕ⧰ āĻ–েāϞ⧰ āϏāĻĒোāύāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে, āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻ•োāĻ াāϤ, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে, āϞ⧰া)
i) full of hope in the future
āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āφāĻļাā§°ে āĻ­ā§°ি āφāĻ›ে 
ii) mentally ill
āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ 
iii) distracted from the lesson
āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ 
Answer:- i) full of hope in the future
āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āφāĻļাā§°ে āĻ­ā§°ি āφāĻ›ে

e) The children’s faces are compared to ‘rootless weeds’, this means they
(āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻŽুāĻ–āĻŦোā§°āĻ• 'āĻļিāĻĒাāĻŦিāĻšীāύ āĻ…āĻĒāϤৃāĻŖ'ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤুāϞāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°)
i) Are insecure
āĻ…āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ                              
ii)are ill-fed
āĻŦেāϝ়াāĻ•ৈ āĻ–োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়
ii) Are wasters
āφ⧰ ā§ąাāώ্āϟাā§°
Answer:- are insecure
āĻ…āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ

2. What do you think is the colour of ‘sour cream’? Why do you think the poet has used this expression to describe the classroom walls?
(āφāĻĒুāύি 'āϟেāĻ™া āĻ•্ā§°ীāĻŽ'ā§° ā§°ং āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϞি āĻ­াāĻŦে? āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ­াāĻŦে āϝে āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াā§° āĻĻেā§ąাāϞāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϟো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে?)

Answer:- The colour of ‘sour cream’ is off-white. The poet has used this expression to suggest the decaying aspect of the surroundings. Actually these unpleasant walls symbolise the pathetic conditions of the lives of these children. However, there is an implied meaning in the word ‘sour’. The whole atmosphere is unpleasant and distasteful.
'āϟেāĻ™া āĻ•্ā§°ীāĻŽ'ā§° ā§°ং āĻ…āĻĢ-āĻšোā§ąাāχāϟ। āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϟো āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϝ়āĻšোā§ąা āĻĻিāĻļāϟোā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤāϤে āĻāχ āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻĻেā§ąাāϞāĻŦোā§°ে āĻāχ āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āϕ⧰ুāĻŖ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤীāĻ•। āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে, 'āϟেāĻ™া' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āύিāĻšিāϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ—োāϟেāχ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāϟো āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŦিā§°āĻ•্āϤিāϕ⧰।

3. How do the picture and maps on the wall contrast with the world the slum children live in?
(āĻĻেā§ąাāϞ⧰ āĻ›āĻŦি āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻšāϝ়?)
                              Or
Why does Stephen Spender say that the pictures and maps in the elementary school classroom are meaningless?
(āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ•āϝ় āϝে āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াā§° āĻ›āĻŦি āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāĻšীāύ?)
                               Or
The walls of the classroom are decorated with the pictures of ‘Shakespeare’, ‘buildings with domes’, ‘world maps’ and beautiful valleys. How do these contrast with the world of these children?
(āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•োāĻ াā§° āĻĻেā§ąাāϞāĻŦোā§° 'āĻļ্āĻŦেāχāĻ•āĻ›āĻĒীāϝ়েā§°', 'āĻ—āĻŽ্āĻŦুāϜāĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…āϟ্āϟাāϞিāĻ•া', 'āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°' āφ⧰ু āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§° āωāĻĒāϤ্āϝāĻ•াā§° āĻ›āĻŦিā§°ে āϏāϜোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāχ āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤāϤা āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻšāϝ়?)

                            
Answer:-  They beautifully contrast with the world of these children. These pictures mean beauty, progress, prosperity and well-being. The pictures of ‘Shakespeare’, ‘buildings with domes’ and ‘world maps’ have no meaning and purpose for them. But the present condition of these slum children is miserable. They live in grim poverty.
āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻāχ āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ। āĻāχ āĻ›āĻŦিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏৌāύ্āĻĻā§°্āϝ, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ—āϤি, āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧি āφ⧰ু āĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖ। 'āĻļ্āĻŦেāχāĻ•āĻ›āĻĒীāϝ়েā§°', 'āĻ—āĻŽ্āĻŦুāϜāĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…āϟ্āϟাāϞিāĻ•া' āφ⧰ু 'āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°'ā§° āĻ›āĻŦিāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āύাāχ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāχ āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻĻুāĻ–āϜāύāĻ•। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ­āϝ়ংāϕ⧰ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤাāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে।

4. What does the poet want for the children of the slums? How can their lives be made to change?
(āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻ•ি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে? āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϜীā§ąāύ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϏāϞāύি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?)

                           Or
What does Stephen Spender want for the children of the slums? How can their lives changes?

    (āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āϞ'ā§°া āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•ি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে? āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϜীā§ąāύ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϏāϞāύি āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?)

                          Or

What does the poet wish for the children of the slums?
āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻ•ি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে?
                               Or
What does Stephen Spender want to be done for the children of the school in a slum?
(āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āϞ'ā§°া āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•ি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে?)
Answer:- The poet wants these children to be removed from their dirty surroundings. New and open surrounding would provide ideal conditions for their learning. They will then land in a world full of progress and prosperity. There will be no social injustice.
āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে āϝে āĻāχ āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϞেāϤেā§°া āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°া āφঁāϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻš'āĻŦ। āύāϤুāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻĻā§°্āĻļ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ—āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§°ে āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϤ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ। āĻ•োāύো āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ় āύāĻš'āĻŦ।

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the message that Stephen Spender wants to give through the poem ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’?
(āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে 'āĻāύ āĻāϞিāĻŽেāĻŖ্āϟ⧰ী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•্āϞাāϛ⧰ুāĻŽ āχāύ āĻ āϏ্āϞাāĻŽ' āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟোā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻ•ি āĻŦাā§°্āϤা āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে?)
Answer:- In ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’, Stephen Spender deals with the theme of social injustice and class inequalities. There are two different worlds. Art, culture and literature have no relevance and value to slum children. They live in dark, narrow, cramped holes and lanes. Unless the gap between the two worlds is abridged, there can’t be any real progress or development anywhere in this world.
'āĻāύ āĻāϞিāĻŽেāĻŖ্āϟ⧰ী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•্āϞাāϛ⧰ুāĻŽ āχāύ āĻ āϏ্āϞাāĻŽ'āϤ, āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•āϝ়। āĻĻুāϟা āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āφāĻ›ে। āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āϞা, āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্ā§°াāϏংāĻ—িāĻ•āϤা āφ⧰ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āφāύ্āϧাā§°, āĻ েāĻ•, āϏংāĻ•ুāϚিāϤ āĻ›িāĻĻ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ—āϞিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে। āϝেāϤিāϝ়াāϞৈāĻ•ে āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻ–āύ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύ āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āύāĻšāϝ়, āĻāχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻ•োāύো āĻ াāχāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ—āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻš'āĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে।

2. Crushed under poverty, disease and miseries do the little school children of slums have any dreams or hopes. What are they?
(āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা, ā§°োāĻ— āφ⧰ু āĻĻুāĻ–ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϚূā§°্āĻŖ-āĻŦিāϚূā§°্āĻŖ āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āϏ⧰ু āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞীāϝ়া āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύো āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻŦা āφāĻļা āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?)

Answer:- The children living in slums have to live in most miserable and sub-human conditions. The burden of poverty and disease crushes their bodies. They still have dreams. Their future is foggy and uncertain. They have kept their hopes alive. They dream of open seas and green fields. They dream of the games that a squirrel plays on the trees.
āĻŦāϏ্āϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĻুāĻ–āϜāύāĻ• āφ⧰ু āωāĻĒ-āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąী⧟ āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা āφ⧰ু ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āĻŦোāϜাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻļā§°ীā§°āĻ• āϚূā§°্āĻŖ-āĻŦিāϚূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϏāĻĒোāύ āφāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻ•ুঁā§ąāϞীāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āφāĻļা āϜীāϝ়াāχ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϏাāĻ—ā§° āφ⧰ু āϏেāωāϜীāϝ়া āĻĒāĻĨাā§°ā§° āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻ–ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ—āĻ›āϤ āĻ•াāĻ āĻŦিāϞাāĻ•ে āĻ–েāϞা āĻ–েāϞāĻŦোā§°ā§° āϏāĻĒোāύ āĻĻেāĻ–ে।

3. “So blot their maps with slums as big as doom”, says Stephen Spender. What does the poet want to convey?
(āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻ•āϝ়, "āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•āϞāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•"। āĻ•āĻŦিāϝ়ে āĻ•ি āĻ•'āĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে?)
Answer:- The maps of the world are drawn by the rich and the mighty. They divide and barter it at will. The slum children have no place in their world. They live in dingy and dirty slums. Stephen Spender is a poet of protest. He wants that the world of the rich and the mighty be blotted with dirty slums and be converted into a living hell.
āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āϧāύী āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞীāϏāĻ•āϞে āφঁāĻ•িāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāύিāĻŽāϝ় āϕ⧰ে। āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϤ āĻ•োāύো āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĄিāĻ™ি āφ⧰ু āϞেāϤেā§°া āĻŦāϏ্āϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে। āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻ•āĻŦি। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে āϝে āϧāύী āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ–āύ āϞেāϤেā§°া āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§°ে āĻĒā§°িāĻŖāϤ āĻšāĻ“āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϜীā§ąāύ্āϤ āύ⧰āĻ•āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒাāύ্āϤ⧰িāϤ āĻšāĻ“āĻ•।

4. What should governors, teachers, inspectors and other important and powerful persons do to improve the lot of children living in slums?
(āĻŦāϏ্āϤিāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āωāύ্āύāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ ā§°াāϜ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•, āĻĒā§°িāĻĻā§°্āĻļāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻ•ি āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ?)
Answer:- Two worlds exist simultaneously. They are quite opposite and incompatible to each other. The world of slum children is the world of poverty, dirt and exploitation. The gap between them must be abridged. Governors, teachers and powerful persons can play an important role in it. They can help in removing social injustice and class inequalities. All good things of life, the sea, The sun and the fields should be within the reach of slum-children.
āĻĻুāĻ–āύ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ। āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা, āϞেāϤেā§°া āφ⧰ু āĻļোāώāĻŖā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϧাāύ āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। ā§°াāϜ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāĻ•āϞে āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤা āφঁāϤ⧰ āϕ⧰াāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϏাāĻ—ā§°, āϏূā§°্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻĒāĻĨাā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤি-āĻļিāĻļুā§° āύাāĻ—াāϞ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে।

5. ‘History is theirs whose language is the sun.’ Justify the veracity of this statement?
'(āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻ“āĻĻেā§°, āϝাā§° āĻ­াāώা āϏূāϰ্āϝ। āĻāχ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ⧰ āϏāϤ্āϝāϤাāĻ• āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύেāĻ•ি?)
Answer:- Stephen Spender concludes the poem with a beautiful metaphor . ‘History is theirs whose language is the sun.’ This world is not ruled by the dumb and driven people. Only those who speak with confidence, power and authority are heard and obeyed. Their language must have the warmth and power of the sun.
āώ্āϟিāĻĢেāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟো āĻāϟা āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§° ā§°ূāĻĒāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। 'āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻ“āĻĻেā§°, āϝাā§° āĻ­াāώা āϏূāϰ্āϝ। āĻāχ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ–āύ āĻŦোāĻŦা āφ⧰ু āϚাāϞিāϤ āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻļাāϏāύ āύāϕ⧰ে। āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āϝিāϏāĻ•āϞে āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ, āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āφ⧰ু āϕ⧰্āϤৃāϤ্āĻŦā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•āϝ় āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻļুāύা āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύি āϚāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ­াāώাāϤ āϏূā§°্āϝ⧰ āωāώ্āĻŖāϤা āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।

6. Why does Spender call Shakespeare wicked and the map a bad example?
(āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻļ্āĻŦেāχāĻ•āĻ›āĻĒীāϝ়েā§°āĻ• āĻ•িāϝ় āĻĻুāώ্āϟ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•āϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°āĻ–āύāĻ• āĻāϟা āĻŦেāϝ়া āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•āϝ়?)
Answer:- Spender calls Shakespeare ‘wicked’ because Shakespeare holds no interest and serves no purpose to the slum children. The world of beauty and romance is irrelevant to them. The map of the world drawn and bartered by the mighty and the rich has no relevance to them. They are not a part of it.
āϏ্āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§°ে āĻļ্āĻŦেāχāĻ•āĻ›āĻĒীāϝ়েā§°āĻ• 'āĻĻুāώ্āϟ' āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•āϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻļ্āĻŦেāχāĻ•āĻ›āĻĒীāϝ়েā§°ে āĻ•োāύো āφāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āύাā§°াāĻ–ে āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϏ্āϤিā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύো āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āύāϕ⧰ে। āϏৌāύ্āĻĻā§°্āϝ āφ⧰ু ā§°োāĻŽাāĻž্āϚ⧰ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāĻ–āύ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āĻĒ্ā§°াāϏংāĻ—িāĻ•। āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āφ⧰ু āϧāύী āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ…ংāĻ•িāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāύিāĻŽāϝ় āϕ⧰া āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§°ā§° āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্ā§°াāϏংāĻ—িāĻ•āϤা āύাāχ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āύāĻšāϝ়।



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