Chapter 4

  Reproductive health  



Q1. What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
Ans: Reproductive health is the overall well being in all ways of reproduction which includes emotional, physical, behavioral and social well being. The sexually transmitted disease such as AIDS etc. can transmitted from one individual to another via sexual contact. This can also results to unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, it important to create awareness among the people about the birth control methods, diseases transmitted through sexual contact and its preventive measures.




Q2. Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
Ans: The aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario are-
Creating awareness among the people about the birth control methods, diseases transmitted through sexual contact and its preventive measures.
Provide facilities and support for women during pregnancy, abortions, STDs, infertility etc., such as medical help to create a reproductively healthy community.



Q3. Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
Ans: Yes, sex education is important for growing youth at the right time as it provide information about different aspects of reproductive health such as puberty, reproductive organs, safe copulation and STDs to young people. This will create a reproductive healthy life and also protect them from various misconceptions about sex related issues.



Q4. Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
Ans: Yes, reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years.
The areas of improvement are-
Massive immunization program for infants, which has led to a decrease in infant mortality rate.
Family planning, which inspired individuals to have smaller families.
The use of contraceptive method, which leads to a decrease in the rate of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.



Q5. What are the suggested reasons for population explosions?
Ans: The suggested reasons for population explosions are-
Decreased death rate
Increased birth rate and longevity



Q6. Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
Ans: Yes, the use of contraceptives is justified. The growth of human population is rising enormously. Therefore, to control the growth of population by controlling reproduction by various contraceptive devices to reduce the unwanted pregnancies has become significant demand in the present times.


Q7. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
Ans: A contraceptive device is used to reduce the unwanted pregnancies and prevents the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Hence, the complete removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option as it will result to infertility and unavailability of specific hormones which is required for normal functioning of reproductive parts.


Q8. Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
Ans: Amniocentesis is a pre-natal diagnostic method which is used to detect the sex and metabolic disorders of the growing foetus in the mother’s uterus by observing the chromosomal patterns. But this method is being misused to determine the child sex before its birth and if it is a female foetus then it is aborted. Thus, to prevent the increasing female foeticides, this method is necessary to ban.



Q9. Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
Ans: The methods to assist infertile couples to have children are:
Test tube babies- It is the in-vitro fertilization where fertilization takes place outside the female body. The zygote is then introduced into the fallopian tube of a normal female. The babies formed from such method are called test-tube babies.
Gamete intra fallopian transfer- It is the method where gamete is transferred from the donor into the recipient’s fallopian tube who does not have the ability to produce eggs but can conceive embryo.
Intra Cytoplasmic sperm injection- It is the technique of injecting sperm into the ovum to produce an embryo in laboratory.
Artificial insemination- It is the technique where sperm is transfer from a healthy donor into the recipient female vagina. It is done when the male is not able to inseminate the female.



Q10. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
Ans: The measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs are-
Creating awareness among the young adults about its after-effects that can stop them from contracting STDs. 
The contraceptive devices such as condoms etc. should be used to prevent the transmission of these diseases.
Avoid sex with unknown person or multiple partners.




Q11. State True/False with explanation

a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too.
Ans: True

b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/ defects in the female partner.
Ans: False
Infertility is defined as the infertility of couple to fertilize and produce baby due to defects in either male or female or both.

c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. 
Ans: False
Complete lactation is a natural method of contraception.

d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people.
Ans: True




Q12. Correct the following statements:

a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
Ans: Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete to transfer into the female uterus during intercourse.

b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
Ans: Some sexually transmitted diseases are curable if they are detected at early stages and properly treated. AIDS is not curable.

c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
Ans: Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the urban women.

d) In E.T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
Ans: In E.T. techniques, embryos 8-celled embryos are transferred into the fallopian tube and more than 8-celled embryos are transferred into the uterus.



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