Lesson 7
  SILK ROAD  


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Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context

āĻĒাāĻ āϤ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦোā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•। āĻĒ্ā§°āϏংāĻ—ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ…āύুāĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰āĻ• 

Ducking back
swathe
careered down
manoeuvres
cairn of rocks
salt flats
billowed

   
āĻĒিāĻ›āϞৈ āĻšাঁāĻš
āϏ্ā§ąেāĻĨ
āĻ•েā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻĄাāωāύ
āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞāϏāĻŽূāĻš
āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻ•েāϝ়াā§°্āĻŖ
āύিāĻŽāĻ–ā§° āĻĢ্āϞেāϟ
āωāϚ্āĻ›āϞ
                
Answer:
  ducking back:- quickly going inside and then coming out.
    
 āĻĒিāĻ›āϞৈ āĻ“āϞাāχ āϝোā§ąা:- āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āφ⧰ু āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϞৈ āĻ“āϞাāχ āĻ…āĻšা।
         
  manoeuvres:- military excercises involving a large number of soldiers, ships, etc.

  āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ:- āĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āϏৈāύিāĻ•, āϜাāĻšাāϜ āφāĻĻিāĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϏাāĻŽā§°িāĻ• āĻāĻ•্āϏāϚাā§°্āϚিāϜ।

 
billowed:- filled with the air and swelled out.
             
āω⧰ি āĻ—'āϞ:- āĻŦāϤাāĻšেā§°ে āĻ­ā§°্āϤি āĻšৈ āĻĢুāϞি āωāĻ িāϞ।
                                              
            
swathe:- literally, a long strip of land of something, contextually, a land stretched with snow
    
 āφāĻ•্āώ⧰িāĻ• āĻ­াā§ąে, āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟাā§° āĻāĻ• āĻĻীāϘāϞ āĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻĒ্ā§°াāϏংāĻ—িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে, āĻŦā§°āĻĢā§°ে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤৃāϤ āĻ­ূāĻŽি    
                                             
 cairn of rocks:-  a pile of stones that mark a special place such as the top of a mountain or a place where somebody is buried.
    
āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻ•েāϝ়াā§°্āĻŖ:- āĻļিāϞ⧰ āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āϝি āĻāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϝেāύে āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻļীā§°্āώ āĻŦা āĻ•াā§°োāĻŦাāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϧিāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰া āĻ াāχ āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āϕ⧰ে।

Careered down:- descending the slope.
   
āĻ•েā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻĄাāωāύ:- āĻĸাāϞāϤ āύাāĻŽি āĻ…āĻšা।
                   
 Salt flats:- thatched roofed houses covered with snow
             
āύিāĻŽāĻ–ā§° āĻĢ্āϞেāϟ:- āĻŦā§°āĻĢেā§°ে āφāĻŦৃāϤ āϚাāϞ⧰ āϘ⧰āĻŦোā§°



 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 

Give reasons for the following statements.
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

1.The article has been titled ‘Silk Road’.
  āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧāϟোā§° āĻļীā§°্āώāĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›ে 'āϚিāϞ্āĻ• ā§°োāĻĄ'।        
          
Answer- The title of the article has been named on the historic silk road or routes. The network connected the Afro- Eurasian landmass. It established trade of Chinese silk, spices teas and porcelain; Indian textiles, precious stones and pepper; and the Roman Empire’s gold, silver, fine glassware, wine, carpets and jewels. The road was named Silk Road largely because of the silk trade with China. In the chapter the author travels to Mount Kailash, exploring the Himalayan belt in Tibet. Since the author  explored t5his region, the chapter is titled as Silk Road.

  āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧāϟোā§° āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽāϟো āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• ā§°েāϚāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŦা āĻĒāĻĨāϤ āύাāĻŽাāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āύেāĻŸā§ąā§°্āĻ•ে āφāĻĢ্ā§°ো-āχāω⧰েāϚিāϝ়াāύ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāϏংāϝোāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āχ āϚীāύা ā§°েāϚāĻŽ, āĻŽāϚāϞা āϚাāĻš āφ⧰ু āĻĒোā§°্āϚেāϞিāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ; āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻŦāϏ্āϤ্ā§°, āĻŽূāϞ্āĻ¯ā§ąাāύ āĻļিāϞ āφ⧰ু āϜাāϞুāĻ•; āφ⧰ু ā§°োāĻŽাāύ āϏাāĻŽ্ā§°াāϜ্āϝ⧰ āϏোāĻŖ, ā§°ূāĻĒ, āϏূāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽ āĻ—্āϞাāĻ›ā§ąেā§°, ā§ąাāχāύ, āĻ•াā§°্āĻĒেāϟ āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻšāύা। āϚীāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে ā§°েāϚāĻŽā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒāĻĨāϟোā§° āύাāĻŽ āϚিāϞ্āĻ• ā§°োāĻĄ ā§°āĻ–া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāϝ়āϟোāϤ āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻšিāĻŽাāϞāϝ় āĻŦেāϞ্āϟ āĻ…āύ্āĻŦেāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤāϞৈ āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে। āϝিāĻšেāϤু āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āϟি5āĻšিāϚ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ āĻ…āύ্āĻŦেāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ, āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāϝ়āϟোā§° āĻļীā§°্āώāĻ• āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϚিāϞ্āĻ• ā§°োāĻĄ।



2.Tibetan mastiffs were popular in China’s imperial courts.
āϚীāύ⧰ āϏাāĻŽ্ā§°াāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āφāĻĻাāϞāϤāϤ āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤীāϝ় āĻŽাāώ্āϟিāĻĢāϜāύāĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āφāĻ›িāϞ।

Answer:- Tibetan mastiffs were popular  in China’s imperial courts as hunting dogs. They were brought along the Silk Road in ancient times as tribute from Tibet. They were huge black  dogs used as watchdogs. They explode into action like bullets. They are furious and fearless.

 āϚীāύ⧰ āϏাāĻŽ্ā§°াāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āφāĻĻাāϞāϤāϤ āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤীāϝ় āĻŽাāώ্āϟিāĻĢāĻŦোā§° āϚিāĻ•াā§° āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§° āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϜāύāĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻļ্ā§°āĻĻ্āϧাāĻž্āϜāϞি āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϚীāύ āĻ•াāϞāϤ ā§°েāϚāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĨā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ…āύা āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻšā§°ী āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻ•'āϞা āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§° āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻ—ুāϞীā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϤ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোā§°িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻ–ং āφ⧰ু āύিā§°্āĻ­ীāĻ•।



3.The author’s experience at Hor was in stark contrast to earlier accounts of the place.

āĻšā§°āϤ āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āϏেāχ āĻ াāχāĻ–āύ⧰ āφāĻ—ā§° āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ।    

Answer:- Hor was a grim, miserable place. The dust and rocks were scattered everywhere in abundance; there was little vegetation. The place seemed unfortunate and dejected, though it sat on  the shore of the lake Manasarovar. The author was flabbergasted to realise the contrast in his experience to that of the earlier read accounts. A Japanese monk, Ekai Kawaguchi, who had arrived there in 1990, was so moved by the sancitity of the lake that he burst into tears. The hallowed waters had a similar effect on Sven Hedin, a Swede who was not prone to sentimental outbursts. However, for the author, when he reached Hor, first he had to get  two punctures mended. The only relaxation was the tea  served by a Chinese youth in the only cafe in the town which was constructed from badly painted concrete and had three broken windows. The good view of the lake through one of them helped to compensate however.

 āĻšā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ­āϝ়ংāϕ⧰, āĻĻুāĻ–ā§° āĻ াāχ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϧুāϞি āφ⧰ু āĻļিāϞāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻ াāχāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āϚুā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āϏিঁāϚ⧰āϤি āĻšৈ āφāĻ›িāϞ; āϤাāϤ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ াāχāĻ–āύ āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāϜāύāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻšāϤাāĻļাāĻ—্ā§°āϏ্āϤ āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—িāĻ›িāϞ, āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āχ āĻŽাāύāϏāϏ⧰োāĻŦā§° āĻš্ā§°āĻĻā§° āĻĒাā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ। āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āϜāύে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤাā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়া āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤāϤা āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻšāϤāĻ­āĻŽ্āĻŦ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āϚāύāϤ āϤাāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻāϜāύ āϜাāĻĒাāύী āϏāύ্āύ্āϝাāϏী āχāĻ•াāχ āĻ•াā§ąাāĻ—ুāϚি āĻš্ā§°āĻĻāϟোā§° āϏংāĻŦেāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞāϤাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āχāĻŽাāύেāχ āφāĻĒ্āϞুāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•াāύ্āĻĻি āωāĻ িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্ā§° āĻĒাāύীāĻŦোā§°ে āϏ্āĻŦেāύ āĻšেāĻĄিāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāϜāύ āϚুāχāĻĄā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ, āϝি āĻ†ā§ąেāĻ—িāĻ• āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোā§°āĻŖā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ąāύা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে, āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে, āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻš'ā§° āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒাংāϚাā§° āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞāĻ—া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻļিāĻĨিāϞāϤা āφāĻ›িāϞ āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύ⧰ āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻ•েāĻĢেāϤ āĻāϜāύ āϚীāύা āϝুā§ąāĻ•ে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āϕ⧰া āϚাāĻš āϝিāϟো āĻŦেāϝ়াāĻ•ৈ ā§°ং āϕ⧰া āĻ•ংāĻ•্ā§°িāϟ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤিāύিāĻ–āύ āĻ­āĻ™া āĻ–িā§°িāĻ•ী āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻāϜāύ⧰ āĻŽাāϜেā§°ে āĻš্ā§°āĻĻāϟোā§° āĻ­াāϞ āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāχ āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়াāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।



4.The author was disappointed with Darchen.
 āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āϜāύ āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϤাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। 

Answer:- The author was disappointed with Darchen. The high altitude was giving him health problems. He had a bad cold and was not able to sleep at night. Since he was one of the early arrivals there weren’t any pilgrims coming to the place. The place was dusty, partially derelict and punctuated by heaps and rubble and refuse. 

  āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āϜāύ āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϤাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āωāϚ্āϚ āωāϚ্āϚāϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻĻি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦেāϝ়া āϚ⧰্āĻĻি āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু ā§°াāϤি āĻļুāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϝিāĻšেāϤু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°āĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• āφāĻ—āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻāϜāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϏেāχ āĻ াāχāϞৈ āĻ•োāύো āϤীā§°্āĻĨāϝাāϤ্ā§°ী āĻ…āĻšা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ াāχāĻ–āύ āϧূāϞিāĻŽāϝ়, āφংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ…ā§ąāĻšেāϞিāϤ āφ⧰ু āϏ্āϤূāĻĒ āφ⧰ু āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϏ্āϤূāĻĒā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦিā§°াāĻŽāϚিāĻš্āύ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

5. The author thought that his positive thinking strategy worked well after all.

     āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āϚিāύ্āϤাā§° āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞে āϏ⧰্āĻŦোāĻĒā§°ি āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।     

Answer:- The author was disappointed with Darchen He also had left for Lhasa. He was feeling rather lonely with no pilgrims around . It was then he met Norbu, a Tibetan who too wanted to visit Kailash. They would be good team as both of them were academicians who had escaped from the library. The author started thinking positively and it gave him some delight and a new enthusiasm.

   āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āϜāύ āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϤাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϞাāĻ›াāϞৈāĻ“ ā§°াāĻ“āύা āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āĻ•োāύো āϤীā§°্āĻĨāϝাāϤ্ā§°ী āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āĻ…āĻ•āϞāĻļā§°ীāϝ়া āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāϤিāϝ়াāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύ⧰āĻŦু āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāϜāύ āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤীāĻ• āϞāĻ— āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāϝ়েāĻ“ āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļāĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻ­াāϞ āĻĻāϞ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻĻুāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāĻĻ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāĻĒুāĻĨিāĻ­ঁā§°াāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāϞাāχ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ­াā§ąে āϚিāύ্āϤা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ•িāĻ›ু āφāύāύ্āĻĻ āφ⧰ু āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ।
                                                                


II. Briefly explain the following statements from the text.
     
āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°া āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।  

1. The purpose of the author’s journey to Mount Kailash.
 āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤāϞৈ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ।    
                                                       

Answer:- Nick Middleton is an Oxford Professor as well as an adventure. He follows the most difficult terrain through the Silk Road and reaches mount Kailash. He visits the holy place to complete the Kora-going around the place.

     āύিāĻ• āĻŽিāĻĄāϞāϟāύ āĻāϜāύ āĻ…āĻ•্āϏāĻĢā§°্āĻĄā§° āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϞāĻ—āϤে āĻāϟা āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϚিāϞ্āĻ• ā§°োāĻĄā§° āĻŽাāϜেā§°ে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāϟো āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•োā§°া-āϘূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°া āĻ াāχāĻ–āύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻĒā§°িāĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āϕ⧰ে।                                                                     


2. The author’s physical condition in Darchen.
 āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύāϤ āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা।

Answer:- The author was not physically well when he reached Darchen. His  sinuses were blocked due to the cold wind at Hor and he was not able to sleep well at night. The next day Tsetan took him to the Darchen Medical College and the doctor there gave him some medicine that gave  him some  relief.

āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύ āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ­াāϞ āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻš'ā§°āϤ āĻ াāĻŖ্āĻĄা āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϚাāχāύাāĻ›āĻŦোā§° āĻ…ā§ąā§°ুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁ ā§°াāϤি āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻļুāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĒিāĻ›āĻĻিāύা āϚেāϟাāύে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύ āĻŽেāĻĄিāĻ•েāϞ āĻ•āϞেāϜāϞৈ āϞৈ āϝাāϝ় āφ⧰ু āϤাāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ”āώāϧ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϝিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏāĻ•াāĻš āĻĻিāϝ়ে


3. The author’s meeting with Norbu.
āύ⧰āĻŦুā§° āϏৈāϤে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§Ž।       
                
Answer:- The author was feeling rather lonely without Tsetan who had left for Lhasa. There weren't any pilgrims at Darchen as he had reached the place much early in the season. It was then he Norbu who was a Tibetan and also an academician. He too was there to visit Kailash and they  decided to go there together.

 āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āϜāύে āϞāĻ›াāϞৈ ā§°াāĻ“āύা āĻšোā§ąা āϚেāϟাāύ⧰ āĻ…āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻ…āĻ•āϞāĻļā§°ীāϝ়া āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύāϤ āĻ•োāύো āϤীā§°্āĻĨāϝাāϤ্ā§°ী āύাāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ‹āϤুā§° āĻŦāĻšু āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖিāϤে āĻ াāχāĻ–āύāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāϤিāϝ়াāϤেāĻ“ঁ āύ⧰āĻŦু āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝি āĻāϜāύ āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤী āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāĻĻāĻ“ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ“ āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļāĻ• āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϤাāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϤাāϞৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ।

4. Tsetan’s support to the author during the journey.
āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āĻ• āĻ›েāϟাāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ।  

Answer:- Tsetan was a good and efficient driver. He drove the car very carefully. During the journey, he spoke to the author giving information about the places they were visiting. He was very caring. At Darchen when he found that the author was not well, he took him to the medical college and got medicine for him. He was a good  Buddhist..

 āϚেāϟাāύ āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻĻāĻ•্āώ āϚাāϞāĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীāĻ–āύ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏাā§ąāϧাāύে āϚāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϝāϤ্āύāĻļীāϞ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĄাā§°্āϚেāύāϤ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĻেāĻ–িāϞে āϝে āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āϜāύ āĻ­াāϞ āύāĻšāϝ়, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ”āώāϧ āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ āφāĻ›িāϞ...
                    


5. “As a Buddhist, he told me, he knew that it didn’t really matter if I passed away, but he thought it would be bad for business”.
       "āĻāϜāύ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽোāĻ• āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϜাāύিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻŽোā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻš'āϞে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤāϤে āĻ•োāύো āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āύাāχ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻāχāϟো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻš'āĻŦ"।      
            
Answer:- Tsetan was a good Buddhist and believed that death was not the end of life. Kailash being a holy place it would be better for him as it  would take him to heaven. Then if the author would die there, it would be bad for his buisness as his credibility will be at stake in looking after the tourists and later he may  not get any customers.

āϚেāϟাāύ āĻāϜāύ āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻļেāώ āύāĻšāϝ়। āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāχāϟো āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ­াāϞ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦā§°্āĻ—āϞৈ āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϝāĻĻি āϞেāĻ–āĻ•āϜāύ āϤাāϤ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāĻŦā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে, āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻāχāϟো āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦুāχāϚāύেāϛ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻš'āĻŦ āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āĻĒā§°্āϝāϟāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϚোā§ąাāϚিāϤা āϕ⧰াāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏāϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦ āφ⧰ু āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•োāύো āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāĻ• āύাāĻĒাāĻŦāĻ“ āĻĒাā§°ে।


 TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT 

1. The sensitive behaviour of hill-folk?
āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ীāϝ়া āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϏংāĻŦেāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞ āφāϚ⧰āĻŖ?     
           
Answer:- The hill-folk are quite unsophisticated and innocent. People like Tsetan very religious and God-fearing. They are very much hospitable and take care of the visitors from out side.

āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ীāϝ়া āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāϧুāύিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āύিā§°্āĻĻোāώ। āϚেāϟাāύāĻ• āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒোā§ąা āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ…āϤি āϧাā§°্āĻŽিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āψāĻļ্āĻŦā§°-āĻ­āϝ়ী। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āφāϤিāĻĨ্āϝāĻļীāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ…āĻšা āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϝāϤ্āύ āϞāϝ়।
               


2. The reasons why people willingly undergo the travails of difficult journeys?
⧍.āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻ•িāϝ় āϏ্āĻŦেāϚ্āĻ›াāχ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻ•āώ্āϟ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻšāϝ় āϤাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš?       

Answer:- The author was an academician, hence, he undertook the journey for the purpose of education. For him it was a learning experience. Secondly, people undertake such journeys because of the spirit of adventure. The areas covered by the author are some of the most difficult terrains in the world. The third can be a religious reason. People visit places like Mount Kailash as part of their pilgrimage.

 āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āĻāϜāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāĻĻ āφāĻ›িāϞ, āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে, āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āϟো āĻšাāϤāϤ āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāχāϟো āĻāϟা āĻļিāĻ•াā§° āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϤে, āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻŽāύোāĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻāύে āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āϕ⧰ে। āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āϏাāĻŽā§°ি āϞোā§ąা āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāĻŦোā§° āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ। āϤৃāϤীāϝ়āϟো āĻāϟা āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϤীā§°্āĻĨāϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āĻ াāχ āĻ­্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে


3. The accounts of exotic places in legends and  the reality.
   āĻ•িংāĻŦāĻĻāύ্āϤী āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāϤ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖ।                                                            
Answer:- There are many accounts of exotic places in legends and the reality. Places like Mount Kailash, Manasarovar occupy a prominent place in legends. There are many articles written about these places.

     āĻ•িংāĻŦāĻĻāύ্āϤী āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāϤ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•ৈāϞাāĻļ āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤ, āĻŽাāύāϏ⧰োāĻŦā§°ā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•িংāĻŦāĻĻāύ্āϤিā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĻāĻ–āϞ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧ āϞিāĻ–া āφāĻ›ে।                                                 

 THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE 

2. What do the following utterences indicate?
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āωāϚ্āϚাā§°āĻŖāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•ি āϏূāϚাāϝ়? 

i) "I told her, through Daniel...."
 
"āĻŽāχ āϤাāχāĻ• āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞো, āĻĻাāύিāϝ়েāϞ⧰ āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে...।"

ii) "It's a cold," he said finally through Tsetan.
 "āĻāχāϟো āϚ⧰্āĻĻি," āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āϚেāϟাāύ⧰ āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻ•'āϞে।

Answer no i) She was not able to follow English but Daniel translated what he told in English in the Tibetan language to her.
Answer no ii) The doctor spoke in Tibetan language, which Tsetan translated into English for the author.

 āϤাāχ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĻাāύিāϝ়েāϞে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤীāϝ় āĻ­াāώাāϤ āχংā§°াāϜীāϤ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻ•āĻĨাāĻŦোā§° āϤাāχāϞৈ āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।
āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āύāĻšāϝ় āφāχ) āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•ে āϤিāĻŦ্āĻŦāϤীāϝ় āĻ­াāώাāϤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤিāĻ›িāϞ, āϝাāĻ• āϟিāĻ›েāϟাāύে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āχংā§°াāϜীāϞৈ āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।


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