Chapter 7
Sri Surya Pahar
(āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°)
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Comprehension:
1. Answer the following questions in complete sentences:
a. Which historical place does Rajarshi tell about?
ā§°াāĻā§°্āώিā§ে āĻোāύ āĻāύ āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ āĻ াāĻā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻ'āϞে?
Ans: Rajarshi tells about Tezpur.
ā§°াāĻā§°্āώিā§ে āϤেāĻāĻĒুā§°ā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻ'āϞে।
b. Where did Jeetu go with his parents last year?
āĻিāϤু āϝোā§ąা āĻŦāĻā§° āϤাā§° āĻŽাāĻ āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻāϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ?
Ans: Jeetu went to Sri Surya Pahar last year with his parents.
āĻিāϤু āϤাā§° āĻŽাāĻ āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻā§° āϞāĻāϤ āϝোā§ąা āĻŦāĻā§° āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ।
c. Where is Surya Pahar located?
āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§° āĻāϤ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ?
Ans: Surya Pahar is located 12k.m southeast of Goalpara town.
āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§° āĻোā§ąাāϞāĻĒাā§°া āĻাāĻāύ ā§° āĻĒā§°া ⧧⧍ āĻি. āĻŽ. āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖāĻĒূāĻŦ āϤ āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।
d. Who engraved the Shiva Lingas at Sri Surya Pahar?
āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϤ āĻļিā§ą āϞিāĻ্āĻ āĻোāύে āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
Ans: The Shiva Lingas at Sri Surya Pahar was engraved by Vyasa.
āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϤ āĻļিā§ą āϞিāĻ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāϏ āĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
e. Who mentioned about the Sri Surya Pahar in his writings?
āĻোāύে āϤেāĻঁā§° āϞিāĻāύিāϤ āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
Ans: Hsuan Tsang mentioned about the Sri Surya Pahar in his writings.
āĻšিāĻā§ąেāύ āĻাāĻে āϤেāĻঁā§° āϞিāĻāύিāϤ āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
2. Write briefly about the historical importance of Sri Surya Pahar.
āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻে āĻāĻŽুāĻৈ āϞিāĻা।
Ans: The historical importance of Sri Surya Pahar are-
āĻļ্ā§°ীāϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻš’āϞ-
i) Sri Surya Pahar is filled with Shiva Lingas.
i) āĻļ্ā§°ীāϏূā§°্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§° āĻļিā§ąāϞিংāĻেā§°ে āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ।
ii) 99999 Shiva Lingas were engraved by Vyasa in order to build second Kashi.
ii) āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻাāĻļী āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖā§° āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝাāϏে ⧝⧝⧝⧝⧝ āĻা āĻļিā§ą āϞিংāĻ āĻোāĻĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
iii) There is also a Shiva temple.
iii) āĻļিā§ą āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ো āĻāĻে।
iv) Hsuan Tsang also mentioned about this place in his writings.
iv) Hsuan Tsang āϝ়েāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āϞেāĻাāϤ āĻāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°িāĻে।
v) There is a natural cave with Jain carvings.
v) āĻৈāύ⧰ āĻোāĻĻিāϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻুāĻšা āĻāĻে।
vi) There are 25 stupas of different shapes.
vi) āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻāĻৃāϤিā§° ⧍ā§Ģ āĻা āϏ্āϤুāĻĒ āĻāĻে।
3. Fill in the blanks:
(āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻ āĻĒুā§°ুā§ąা:)
a) Some relics belonging to Buddhism and Jainism are also there.
āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ āĻৈāύ āϧ⧰্āĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻিāϤ āĻিāĻু āϧ্āĻŦংāϏাāĻŦāĻļেāώāĻ āĻāĻে।
b) There are 25 stupas of different shapes at Sri Surya Pahar.
āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϤ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻāĻাā§°ā§° ⧍ā§Ģ āĻা āϏ্āϤুāĻĒ āĻāĻে।
c) Naranarayan Setu is about 27.7 kilometres from Sri Surya Pahar.
āύ⧰āύাā§°াāϝ়āĻŖ āϏেāϤু āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ⧍ā§.ā§ āĻিāϞোāĻŽিāĻাā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ।
\d) The site of Sri Surya Pahar was perhaps associated with the cult of sun worship.
āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻ াāĻ āĻāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ą āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻāĻĒাāϏāύাā§° āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻā§°িāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ।
e) Jeetu shows Mini and Rajarshi some photographs of Sri Surya Pahar.
āĻিāĻোā§ąে āĻŽিāύি āĻā§°ু ā§°াāĻā§°্āώিāĻ āĻļ্ā§°ী āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻĻুāĻāύāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻŦি āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāϞে।
Grammar and usage:
Adverb ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )
An adverb modifies anything except a Noun or a Pronoun
āĻāĻা āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāϤীāϤ āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻোāύো āĻাā§°োāĻŦাāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ে।
Examples:( āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ )
1) Namita runs slowly (the adverb "slowly" modifies the verb "runs")
āύাāĻŽিāϤা āϞাāĻšে āϞাāĻšে āĻĻৌā§°িāĻে ( āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻĒāĻĻ "slowly" āĻ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া "run" āĻ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻā§°ে)
2) she is a very beautiful girl (the adverb "very" modifies the adjective "beautiful")
āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻā§°াāĻী āĻুāĻŦ āϧুāύীāϝ়া āĻোā§ąাāϞী ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ "Very" āĻ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ "beautiful" āĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ে)
3. She sings very sweetly ( the adverb "very" modifies the adverb "sweetly")
āϤাāĻ āĻুā§ą āĻŽিāĻ া āĻৈ āĻাāĻāĻে ( āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώ "Very" āĻ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώ "sweetly" āĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ে)
4. The bird flew exactly over our head (the adverb "exactly" modifies the preposition "over" )
āĻā§°াāĻ āĻো āĻ িāĻ āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻŽূā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°েāĻĻি āĻā§°ি āĻ'āϞ (āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώ "exactly" āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻĒāĻিāĻāύ "over" āĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ে)
5. I like her simply because she is friendly (the adverb "simply" modifies the conjunction "because")
āĻŽোā§° āϤাāĻāĻ āĻাāϞ āϞাāĻে āĻাā§°āĻŖ āϤাāĻ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ "simply" āĻ "because" ā§° āϏংāϝোāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ে)
Kinds of Adverb( āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§° )
1. Adverb of place : Adverb of place shows where an action is done.
āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ : āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻĒāĻĻে āϝিāĻোāύো āĻেāĻাā§° āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻšৈ āϝোā§ąা āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻ।
Example: The boys are playing outside.
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϞ'ā§°া āĻŦোā§°ে āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϤ āĻেāϞি āĻāĻে।
(Some more examples- here, there, inside, near, everywhere etc.)
(āĻিāĻু āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāϝ়াāϤ, āϤাāϤ, āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ, āĻāĻā§°āϤ, āϏāĻāϞোāϤে āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
2. Adverb of time: Adverb of time show when an action takes place.
āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ: āĻোāύো āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়, āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻ।
Example: Bipul came here yesterday.( āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āϝুā§ąাāĻাāϞি āĻāϝ়াāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ।)
(Some more examples- today, already, tomorrow, daily, always, sometimes, regularly, everyday, usually, often, just, seldom, frequently, hardly, rarely, soon, early, etc.)
(āĻিāĻু āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāĻি, āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে, āĻাāĻāϞৈ, āϏāĻĻাāĻ, āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা, āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻā§েāĻ, āύিāϝ়āĻŽিāϤ, āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĻিāύ, āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤ, āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽেāĻ, āĻেā§ąāϞ, āĻļীāĻ্ā§°েāĻ, āϏোāύāĻাāϞে āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
3. Adverb of manner: Adverb of manner shows how an action is done.
āĻ্ā§°ীā§াāĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ: āĻ্ā§°ীā§াāĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻ āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻ āϝে āĻোāύো āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻি āĻাāĻŦে āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Example: The old man walks slowly.
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽাāύুāĻš āĻāύে āϞাāĻšে āϞাāĻšে āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়িāĻে।
(Some more examples: beautifully, fast, quickly, bravely, carefully, hard, well, sweetly etc.)
(āĻিāĻু āĻ
āύ্āϝ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°, āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ, āϏাāĻšāϏী, āϏাā§ąāϧাāύ, āĻļāĻ্āϤ, āĻাāϞ, āĻŽিāĻ া āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
4. Adverbs of Number: Adverbs of number show how often an action is done.
āϏংāĻ্āϝাā§° āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻāϞাāĻĒ: āϏংāĻ্āϝাā§° āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻāϞাāĻĒে āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻ āϝে āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাā§° āĻি āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Example: The boy hit the ball twice.
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϞ'ā§°া āĻোā§ąে āĻŦāϞ āĻো āĻĻুāĻŦাā§° āĻŽাā§°িāϞে।
(Some more examples: once, thrice)
(āĻিāĻু āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāĻŦাā§°, āϤিāύিāĻŦাā§°)
5. Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of degree show how much or to what extent a thing is done.
ā§Ģ। āĻĄিāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ: āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻ āϝে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻŽ āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻŦা āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖেā§° āϞৈāĻে āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Example: The book is very interesting.
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻিāϤাāĻĒāĻāύ āĻŦā§° āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖীāϝ়।
(Some more examples: quite, almost, fully, completely, totally, etc.)
(āĻিāĻু āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)
6. Interrogative adverbs: interrogative adverbs are those adverbs which introduce a question.
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ āĻŦুāĻĻāĻ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ: āϝিāϝ়ে āĻোāύো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻāϝ় āĻĻিāϝ়ে।
Examples: ( āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ )
Where do you live? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻ'āϤ āĻĨাāĻা?)
When did he come? ( āϏি āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻšিāϞ?)
How did you do that? ( āϤুāĻŽি āϏেāĻāĻো āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻā§°িāϞা?)
Why did he go to the police station? ( āĻļি āĻĒুāϞিāĻ āĻĨাāύাāϞৈ āĻীā§ āĻৈāĻিāϞ?)
Activity 1 ( āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏূāĻী ā§§)
Find out the adverbs from the following sentences and write their kinds:
āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§° āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āϞিāĻা:
i) The girl sings well. ( āĻোā§ąাāϞী āĻāύিā§ে āĻাāϞ āĻাāϝ়। )
= Adverbs of Manner ( = āĻāĻাā§°-āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি )
ii) I get up early. ( āĻŽāĻ āϏোāύāĻাāϞে āĻāĻ োঁ। )
= Adverbs of Time. ( = āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি।)
iii) We often go to the village. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়েāĻ āĻাঁā§ąāϞৈ āϝাāĻঁ।)
= Adverbs of Time. ( = āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি।)
iv) She looked for her pen everywhere.
āϤাāĻ āϤাāĻā§° āĻāϞāĻŽ āĻো āϏāĻāϞোāϤে āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĢুā§°িāĻে।
= Adverbs of Place. ( = āϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি।)
v) The bird sang sweetly. ( āĻā§°াāĻ āĻোā§ąে āĻŽিāĻ া āĻৈ āĻাāĻāĻে।)
= Adverbs of Manner ( = āĻāĻাā§°-āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি)
vi) Uncle will come tomorrow. ( āĻুā§°া āĻাāĻāϞৈ āĻāĻšিāĻŦ।)
= Adverbs of Time. (= āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি।)
vii) The doll is very beautiful. ( vii) āĻĒুāϤāϞাāĻো āĻŦā§° āϧুāύীāϝ়া।)
= Adverbs of Degree ( = āĻĄিāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি)
viii) I have already found the answer. ( āĻŽāĻ āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻো āĻĒাāĻāĻো।)
= Adverbs of Time. ( = āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤি।)
Activity 2 ( āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏূāĻী ⧍ )
Rewrite the sentences by using the adverbs in brackets in their proper position:
āĻŦ্ā§°েāĻেāϤ āϤ āĻĻি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻ াāĻāϤ āĻŦāĻšুā§ąাāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻেāĻāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖāĻৈ āϞিāĻা:
i) She goes to the cinema. (Sometimes) ( āϤাāĻ āĻিāύেāĻŽা āĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āϝাāϝ়। (āĻেāϤিā§াāĻŦা))
= She goes to the cinema sometimes. ( = āϤাāĻ āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻিāύেāĻŽা āĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āϝাāϝ়।)
ii)We have finished our homework. (Already) (āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻšোāĻŽā§ąā§°্āĻ āĻļেāώ āĻā§°িāϞোঁ। (āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে))
= We have already finished our homework. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝেāĻ āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻšāĻŽ ā§ąā§°্āĻ āĻļেāώ āĻā§°িāϞোঁ।)
iii) The train has arrived. (Just) (ā§°েāϞāĻāύ āĻāĻšি āĻĒাāϞেāĻšি। (āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°))
= The train has just arrived. ( āĻ্ā§°েāĻāύ āĻāύ āĻāĻāĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻāĻšি āĻĒাāϞে।)
iv) She has not returned home. (Yet) ( āϤাāĻ āĻā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻāϤি āĻ āĻšা āύাāĻ। (āĻāϤিā§াāϞৈāĻে))
= She has not returned home yet. ( āϤাāĻ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻā§°āϞৈ āĻূā§°ি āĻāĻšি āĻĒোā§ąা āύাāĻ।)
v) Mine has completed her project. (Almost) ( āĻŽাāĻāύে āϤাāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻেāĻ্āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻে। (āĻĒ্ā§°াā§))
= Mina has almost completed her project. ( = āĻŽিāύাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻেāĻ্āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻে।)
vi) My mother drinks a cup of tea in the morning. (Always)
( vi) āĻŽাāϝ়ে ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āĻাāĻš āĻāĻাāĻĒ āĻাāϝ়। (āϏāĻĻাā§))
= My mother always drinks a cup of tea in the morning.
(āĻŽোā§° āĻŽাā§ে āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻĒোā§ąা āĻāĻ āĻাāĻĒ āĻাāĻš āĻাāϝ়।)
The present perfect continuous tense ( āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻ āĻŦিā§°āϤ āĻাāϞ )
- is used for an action which began at sometime in the past and still continuing.
- āĻāĻা āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ় āϝিāĻো āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻোāύোāĻŦা āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻāϞি āĻāĻে।
Examples: ( āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ )
i) He has been doing this work for two hours.
āĻļি āĻāĻāĻো āĻাāĻŽ āĻĻুāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে।
ii) I have been studying in this school since 2012.
āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ āϏ্āĻুāϞ āĻāύāϤ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍ āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āĻāĻোঁ।
('For' refers to a 'period of time' and 'since' refers to a 'point of time') "For" āĻŦুāϞিāϞে "āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়" āĻŦুāĻাāĻ āĻā§°ু "since" āĻŦুāϞিāϞে "āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϏীāĻŽা" āĻŦুāĻাāĻ।
iii) I have been reading for five hours. ( āĻŽāĻ āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āĻāĻোঁ।)
iv) She has been sleeping since 10 p.m ( āϤাāĻ āĻĻāĻšāĻা āĻŦāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻļুāĻ āĻāĻে।)
v) The children have been playing for half an hour. ( āϞ⧰া āĻোā§ąাāϞী āĻŦোā§°ে āĻāϧা āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻেāϞি āĻāĻে।)
vi) It has been raining since last night. ( āϝোā§ąা āύিāĻļাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦā§°āώূāĻŖ āϝাāĻ āĻĻি āĻāĻে।)
vii) We have been living in this town for ten years. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻ āĻāĻšā§° āĻāύāϤ āĻĻāĻš āĻŦāĻā§° āϧ⧰ি āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻোঁ।)
viii) He has been suffering from fever for five days. ( āϏি āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦেāĻŽাā§°āϤ āĻুāĻি āĻāĻে।)
ix) She has been writing an essay since morning. ( āϤাāĻ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻāύা āϞিāĻি āĻāĻে।)
x) The crow has been cawing for a long time.( āĻাāĻā§°ী āĻোā§ąে āĻŦāĻšু āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϧ⧰ি āĻা āĻা āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে।)
Activity 3 ( āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏূāĻী ā§Š)
Rewrite the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.
( āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻ
āĻŦিā§°āϤ āĻাāϞ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϞিāĻা।)
Present perfect continuous tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻেāĻāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻৈ āϞিāĻা।
i) The girl (sing) for an hour. ( āĻোā§ąাāϞীāĻāύীāϝ়ে āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি (āĻাāύ āĻোā§ąা)।)
= The girl has been singing for an hour. ( āĻোā§ąাāϞী āĻāύীā§ে āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻাāύ āĻাā§ āĻāĻে।)
ii) We (wait) for you here since noon. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻĻুāĻĒā§°ীāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে (ā§°ৈ āĻāĻো)।)
= We have been waiting for you here since noon. (= āĻāĻŽি āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻĻুāĻĒā§°ীāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āĻĒেāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ি āĻāĻো।)
iii) He (swim) in the river for an hour. ( iii) āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āύāĻĻীāϤ āϤেāĻঁ (āϏাঁāϤুā§°ি āĻĨাāĻে)।)
= He has been swimming in the river for an hour. ( āϏি āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻĒুāĻুā§°ী āĻোāϤ āϏাঁāϤুā§°ি āĻāĻে।)
iv) Gopal (work) in the field since 7 o' clock. (ā§ āĻŦāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻোāĻĒাāϞ (āĻাāĻŽ) āĻĒāĻĨাā§°āϤ।)
= Gopal has been working in the field since 7 o' clock.
āĻোāĻĒাāϞে 7āĻা āĻŦāĻাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāĻĨাā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে।
v) The dog (bark) for twenty minutes. ( āĻুāĻুā§°āĻোā§ąে āĻŦিāĻļ āĻŽিāύিāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে (āĻŦাāĻāϞি) āĻā§°ে। )
= The dog has been barking for twenty minutes. ( āĻুāĻুā§° āĻোā§ąে āĻŦিāĻ āĻŽিāύিāĻ āϧ⧰ি āĻুāĻি āĻāĻে।)
vi) She (play) on the violin for an hour. ( āϤাāĻ āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻাāϝ়āϞিāύāϤ (āĻŦāĻাāϝ়)।)
= She has been playing on the violin for an hour.( āϤাāĻ āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻিā§āϞিāύ āĻŦāĻাāĻ āĻāĻে।)
Activity 4 (āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏূāĻী ā§Ē)
Fill in the blanks with "since" or "for" "Since" āĻŦা "for" āĻŦāĻšোā§ąাāĻ āĻাāϞি āĻ াāĻ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া:
i) We have been sitting here for one hour. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻāĻāĻŖ্āĻা āϧ⧰ি āĻŦāĻšি āĻāĻোঁ।)
ii) It has been raining heavily since this morning. ( āĻāĻি ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻŦā§°āώূāĻŖ āĻĻি āĻāĻে।)
iii) He has been reading this novel since last Friday.
āĻļি āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻāύ āϝোā§ąা āϏুāĻ্ā§°āĻŦাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āĻāĻে।
iv) I have been trying to solve this sum for ten minutes.
āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ āĻ ংāĻ āĻো āĻĻāĻš āĻŽিāύিāĻ āϧ⧰ি āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°ি āĻāĻোঁ।
v) That book has been lying on the table for three days.
āϏেāĻ āĻিāϤাāĻĒ āĻāύ āϤিāύি āĻĻিāύ āϧ⧰ি āĻেāĻŦুāϞ āĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒā§°ি āĻāĻে।
Conjunction: ( āϏংāϝোāĻ:)
A conjunction is a word used for joining words or sentences.
Conjunction āĻāĻা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻšু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻোā§°া āϞāĻাāĻ।
Examples: ( āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:)
i) Dipali and Bina are good friends. ( āĻĻীāĻĒাāϞী āĻā§°ু āĻŦিāύা āĻাāϞ āĻŦāύ্āϧু।)
ii) The boy came in and sat down on the chair.(āϞ⧰া āĻো āϏোāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻšিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻী āĻāύāϤ āĻŦāĻšিāϞ।
iii A cat can move slowly and silently. ( āĻŽেāĻুā§°ী āϞাāĻšে āϞাāĻšে āĻā§°ু āĻŽāύে āĻŽāύে āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।)
iv) Ramen is thin but brave. ( ā§°āĻŽেāύ āĻিāύ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦিā§°।)
v) Do it or go out. ( āĻā§°া āύāĻšāϞে āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϞৈ āϝোā§ąা।)
vi) Study hard or you will fail. ( āĻাāϞ āĻĻā§°ে āĻĒāĻĸ়া āύāĻšāϞে āϤুāĻŽি āĻĢেāϞ āĻā§°িāĻŦা।)
(The words, and, but, or are called conjunctions)
And, but, or āĻāĻĻি āĻŦোā§°āĻ conjunction āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
Activity 5 ( āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāϏূāĻী ā§Ģ)
Fill in the blanks with and/but/or ( āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻā§°ু/āĻিāύ্āϤু/āĻŦা ā§°ে āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ ) and/but/or āĻŦāĻšুā§ąাāĻ āĻাāϞি āĻ াāĻ āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া:
i) She is fat but not strong. ( āϤাāĻ āĻļāĻāϤ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŽāĻāĻŦুāϤ āύāĻšāϝ়।)
ii) I went to my friend's house and played there. ( āĻŽāĻ āĻŽোā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧুā§° āĻā§°āϞৈ āĻāϞোঁ āĻā§°ু āϤাāϤ āĻেāĻিāϞোঁ।)
iii) Two and two go are four. ( āĻĻুāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĻুāĻ āĻাā§°ি āĻšāϝ়।)
iv) Walk fast or you will miss the school bus.
āϏোāύāĻাāϞে āĻোāĻ āĻাā§া āύāĻšāĻŦা āϤুāĻŽি āϏ্āĻুāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ āĻāύ āĻŽিāĻ āĻā§°ি āĻĻিāĻŦা।
v) Rina is thin but her sister is fat. ( ā§°িāύা āĻ্āώীāĻŖ āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤাāĻā§° āĻŦাāϝ়েāĻ āĻļāĻāϤ।)
vi) Mr. Das and Mr. Sarma are friends. ( āĻŽিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻĻাāϏ āĻā§°ু āĻŽিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻļā§°্āĻŽা āĻŦāύ্āϧু।)
vii) They are sad but hopeful. ( āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻ āĻĻুāĻি āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻļাāĻŦাāĻĻী।)
viii) The teacher entered the classroom and told the students to keep quiet.
āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻāύ āĻ্āϞাāĻāϞৈ āϏোāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻšিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻাāϤ্ā§° āϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻŽāύে āĻŽāύে āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϞে।
Writing activity: ( āϞিāĻাā§° āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻāϞাāĻĒ:)
Pollution is anything that makes the earth dirty and unhealthy. Land, air and water are all affected by pollution.
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻুā§°্āώāĻŖ āĻāύে āĻāĻ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąী āĻāύ āϞেāϤেā§°া āĻā§°ু āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāĻā§° āĻā§°ি āϤোāϞে। āĻূāĻŽি, āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻā§°ু āĻĒাāύী āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻুā§°্āĻļāύেā§°ে āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšā§।
Water pollution is the most dangerous and the worst form of pollution. It affects the human and animal lives in all aspects. Water is getting polluted through many sources.
āĻĒাāύী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻুāώāĻŖ āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻুā§°্āώāĻŖā§° āϏāĻāϞোāϤāĻৈ āĻŦেāϝ়া ā§°ূāĻĒ। āĻ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী ā§° āĻীā§ąāύāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻĻিāĻļ āĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒাāύী āĻŦāĻšু āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĻূāώিāϤ āĻšৈāĻে।
Air pollution is the pollution of the air by smoke and harmful gases. It is harmful to humans, animals and plants. The release of gaseous pollutants from burning fuel of motor vehicles, industrial processes, burning of garbage, etc are contributing to the air pollution.
āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻāύে āĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āϝি āϧোঁā§ąা āĻā§°ু āĻ্āώāϤি āĻাā§°āĻ āĻেāĻā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻšā§। āĻ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą, āĻীā§ą āĻāύ্āϤু āĻā§°ু āĻāĻ āĻāĻāύিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻšাāύিāĻাā§°āĻ। āϝাāύ āĻŦাāĻšāύ ā§° āϤেāϞ āĻ্āĻŦāϞোā§ąা, āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻাāϤāĻā§°āĻŖ, āĻā§ąā§°্āĻāύা āĻ্āĻŦāϞোā§ąা āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĻুāώāĻŖāĻাā§°ীā§° āĻূāĻŽিāĻা ā§°াāĻিāĻে।
Noise pollution is considered as the environmental pollution caused in the environment by excess level of noise through many sources. Excessive noise is harmful to the health and causes imbalance to the human or animal.
āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāώāĻŖāĻ āĻ āύেāĻ āĻā§āϏ⧰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻ āϤিā§°িāĻ্āϤ āϏ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻā§°ি āĻĒā§°িāĻŦেāĻļā§° āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āĻĻুāώāĻŖ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻিāϤ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ āϤিā§°িāĻ্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒāĻ্āώে āĻ্āώāϤি āĻাā§°āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖী āĻāĻāϤ⧰ āĻাā§°āϏাāĻŽ্āϝāĻšীāύāϤা āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°ে।
Pollution prevention is a major concern nowadays because of the harmful effects of pollution on our health and on environment. Everybody can contribute to the prevention of pollution.
āĻāĻŽাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖā§° āĻ্āώāϤি āĻাā§°āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖে āĻāĻিāĻাāϞি āĻĻুāώāĻŖ ā§°োāϧ āĻāĻা āĻŦā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻāĻĨা। āĻĻুāώāĻŖ ā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻেāĻ āĻ ā§ąāĻĻাāύ āĻĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
Given below are some measures for the prevention of pollution. Read them carefully and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻূāώāĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিā§°োāϧ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻে। āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻাāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻিāύি āĻŦাāĻāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§°ে āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ
1. Instead of using cars, we can choose to walk or ride a bicycle whenever possible.
ā§§/ āĻাāĻĄ়ী āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে āĻāĻŽি āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ą āĻš’āϞে āĻোāĻāĻাāĻĸ়ি āĻŦা āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻāϞাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāĻি āϞ’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ো।
2. Plant more trees.
āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒাā§°ি āϏিāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻ ā§°োā§ąা।
3. Never throw any harmful materials into water.
āĻোāύো āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ্āώāϤি āĻাā§°āĻ āĻāĻĒāĻā§°āĻŖ āĻĒাāύীāϤ āύেāĻĒেāϞাāĻŦা।
4. Do not create loud noise.
āĻ āϤ্āϝāϧিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύāĻā§°িāĻŦা।
5. Do not litter in public places.
āĻāύāϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ াāĻāϤ āĻā§ąā§°্āĻāύা āύেāĻĒেāϞাāĻŦা।
6. Use dustbins.
āĻĻাāϏ্āϤāĻŦিāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦা।
7. Industries should strictly follow regulations on pollution control.
āĻাā§°āĻাāύা āĻŦোā§°ে āĻĻুāώāĻŖ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻিāϤ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻāĻ োā§° āĻাā§ąে āĻ āύুāĻā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻāĻিāϤ।
Build up your vocabulary:
1. One who studies heavenly bodies - Astronomer.
āϝিāϝ়ে āϏ্āĻŦā§°্āĻীāϝ় āĻĻেāĻš āĻ āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻā§°ে - āĻ্āϝোāϤিā§°্āĻŦিāĻĻ।
2. One who travels in space - Astronaut.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°ে - āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļāĻাā§°ি।
3. One who shoots with bows and arrows - Archer.
āϝিāϝ়ে āϧāύু āĻā§°ু āĻাā§° āĻāϞাāĻ - āϧāύুā§°্āĻŦিāĻĻ।
4. One who belongs to a foreign country- Foreigner.
āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻāύ - āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী।
5. One who dies for a noble cause - Martyr.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻšā§ āĻāĻĻেāĻĻāĻļ্āϝ ā§°ে āĻŽā§°ে- āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšীāĻĻ।
6. One who loves one's own country- Patriot.
āϝিāϝ়ে āύিāĻā§° āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻাāϞ āĻĒাāϝ় - āĻĻেāĻļāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽিāĻ।
7. One who journeys to a holy place- Pilgrim.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύāϞৈ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°ে - āĻĒিāϞāĻ্ā§°িāĻŽ।
8. One who is unable to read and write- Illiterate.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦ āĻā§°ু āϞিāĻিāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে - āύিā§°āĻ্āώ⧰।
9. One who studies about birds- Ornithologist.
āϝি āĻā§°াāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻে āĻĒāĻĸ়ে - āĻĒāĻ্āώিāĻŦিāĻĻ।
10. One who goes on foot- Pedestrian.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻোāĻ āĻাāĻĸ়ি āϝাāϝ় - āĻĒāĻĨāĻাā§°ী।
11. One who looks on the bright side of things- Optimist.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāĻ্āĻ্āĻŦāϞ āĻĻিāĻļāĻো āĻাāĻ - āĻāĻļাāĻŦাāĻĻী।
12. One who looks on the dark side of things- Pessimist.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ āύ্āϧāĻাā§° āĻĻিāĻļāĻো āĻাāĻ - āĻšāϤাāϏাāĻŦাāĻĻী।
13. One who draws maps- Cartographer.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŽাāύāĻিāϤ্ā§° āĻঁāĻে - āĻā§°্āĻোāĻ্ā§°াāĻĢাā§° ।
14. One who compiles a dictionary- Lexicographer.
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻāϞāύ āĻā§°ে - āϞিāĻāĻ্āϏোāĻ্āϰাāĻĢাā§°
15. One who has lost parents- Orphan.
āϝিāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻĒিāϤৃ āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāĻāĻে - āĻ āύাāĻĨ।
16. One who collects stamps - Philatelist.
āϏ্āϤাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āϏংāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻাā§°ী - āĻĢিāϞিāϏ্āĻāϞিāϏ্āĻ।
17. One who is a specialist in child diseases- Pediatrician.
āϝি āĻļিāĻļুā§° ā§°োāĻā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ্āĻ - āĻļিāĻļু āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ্āĻ।
18. One who voluntarily expresses a willingness to undertake a service- Volunteer.
āϝিāϝ়ে āϏ্āĻŦ āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻ āĻোāύো āĻĒā§°িāĻļেā§ąা āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে - āϏ্āĻŦেāĻ্āĻাāϏেāĻŦāĻ।
19. One who has a long experience of any occupation- Veteran.
āϝাā§° āϝি āĻোāύো āĻĒেāĻļাā§° āĻĻীā§°্āĻ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤা āĻāĻে - āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻ।
20. One who leaves his own country to settle in another- Emigrant.
āϝিāϝ়ে āύিāĻā§° āĻĻেāĻļ āĻā§°ি āĻ āύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨাāύāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤি āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°ে - āĻ āĻিāĻŦাāϏী।
21. One who spends too little- Miser
āϝিāϝ়ে āĻুāĻāĻŦ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻā§°ে - āĻিāĻĒāĻ।
Mayuri Saikia
M.A. in English
Check by - Mukesh Borah