Chapter-3

RATIO ANALYSIS 

Review Questions

 OBJECTIVE TYPE AND MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

 Fill up the blanks :

 āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•

(a) A ratio is an arithmatical relationship of one number. to........... 

(āĻ•) āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϟা āϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•।

(b) Two elements of a current ratio are current assets and........

(āĻ–) āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻĻুāϟা āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āφ⧰ু.....|

(c) Liquid ratio is also known as..... ratio. 

(āĻ—) āϤ⧰āϞ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻ• .....āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়|

(d) The liabilities payable in a............... are called current liabilities.

(āϘ) ......āϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞāĻ—া āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাāĻ• āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়|

 (e) Rule of thumb for a current ratio is .............

 (āĻ™) āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻĸ়া āφāĻ™ুāϞিā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›ে.....|

 (f) Debt-equity ratio is the relationship between outsiders' funds and.

 (āϚ) āĻ‹āĻŖ-āχāĻ•ুāχāϟি āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒুঁāϜিāφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•।

 (g) Gross capital employed is equal to total.............

 (āϜ) āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻŽুāĻ  āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ āĻŽুāĻ ā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ....।


 [Ans. (a) another number; (b) current liabilities; (c) acid-test; (d) year; (e)  2:1 (f) shareholders' funds; (g) assets].

 [āωāϤ্āϤ⧰) (āĻ•) āφāύ āĻāϟা āϏংāĻ–্āϝা; (āĻ–) āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা; (āĻ—) āĻāϚিāĻĄ-āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা; (āϘ) āĻŦāϛ⧰; (āĻ™) 2: 1 (āϚ) āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒুঁāϜি; (āϜি) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ]।

2.State whether the following are true or false:

 (a) Liquidity ratios measure long-term solvency of a concern.

 (āĻ•) āϤ⧰āϞāϤাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§°ে āϚিāύ্āϤাā§° āĻĻীā§°্āϘāĻŽ্āϝাāĻĻী āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āϜোāĻ–ে।

(b) Inventory is part of liquid assets.

(āĻ–) āχāύāĻ­েāĻŖ্āϟ⧰ী āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϤ⧰āϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ…ংāĻļ।

 (c) Rule of thumb for acid-test ratio is 1:1. 

 (āĻ—) āĻāϚিāĻĄ-āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻĸ়া āφāĻ™ুāϞিā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›ে 1:1

(d) Gross profit ratio measures overall profitability of a concern.

(āϘ) āĻŽুāĻ  āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻāϟা āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—ā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°িāĻ• āϞাāĻ­āϜāύāĻ•āϤা āϜোāĻ–ে।


 (e) Solvency ratio is a part of long-term solvency.

(āĻ) āϏāϞāĻ­েāύ ā§°েāϟিāĻ“ āχāϚ āφ āĻĒাā§°āϟ āĻ…āĻĢ āϞং-āϟাā§°āĻŽ āϏāϞāĻ­েāύ।

 (f) The amount of gross assets is equal to net capital employed.

(āĻāĻĢ) āĻĨে āφāĻŽাāωāύ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ—্ā§°োāϚ āφāϏেāϟ āχāϚ āχāĻ•ুāϝ়েāϞ āϟো āύেāϟ āĻ•েāĻĒিāϟাāϞ āĻāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞāϝ়েāĻĄ।

 (g) Return on Investments ratio measures profitability of a business.

(āϜি) ā§°িāϟাā§° āĻ…āύ āχāύāĻ­েāώ ā§°েāϟিāĻ“ āĻŽেāϜাā§°āϚ āĻĒ্ā§°োāĻĢিāϟেāĻŦিāϞিāϟি āĻ…āĻĢ āφ āĻŦিāϚāύেāϚ।

[Ans. True-(c), (e), (g); False-(a), (b), (d), (f)]

[āĻāĻāύāĻāϚ। āϟ্ā§°ু-(āϚি), (āĻ), (āϜি); āĻĢাāϞāϚে-(āφ), (āĻŦি), (āĻĄি), (āĻāĻĢ)]

 3. Correct the following sentences:

 3. āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

 (i) The accepted standard for liquid ratio is 3:1

 (āφāχ) āϤ⧰āϞ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻšৈāĻ›ে 3:1

 (ii) The accepted standard for current ratio is 1:1

 (āφāχāφāχ) āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻšৈāĻ›ে 1:1

 (iii) Activity ratios are also called leverage ratios.

 (āϤৃāϤীāϝ়) āĻ•াā§°্āϝāĻ•āϞাāĻĒā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻ• āϞিāĻ­াā§°েāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।

 (iv) Debtors turnover ratio indicates the velocity of conversion of stock into sales

 (āϤৃāϤীāϝ়) āĻ•াā§°্āϝāĻ•āϞাāĻĒā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻ• āϞিāĻ­াā§°েāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।

 (v) Bank overdraft is a fixed asset.

 (āĻ­ি) āĻŦেāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ…āĻ­াā§°āĻĄ্ā§°াāĻĢ্āϟ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ।

 (vi) The rule of thumb for quick ratio is 2:1.

 (āĻ™) āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻĸ়া āφāĻ™ুāϞিā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›ে 2:1।

4. MULTIPLE CHOICE

 āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ

 1. Liquid assets include:

 āϤ⧰āϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āφāĻ›ে:

 (a) Only cash 

 (āĻ•) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ 

(b) Cash and debtors

(āĻ–) āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা

 (c) Cash and debtors (except bad debts)

 (āĻ—) āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা (āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻ‹āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে)

 (d) Cash, debtors (except bad debts) and marketable securities.

 (āϘ) āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ, āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা (āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻ‹āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে) āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻĒāĻŖāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϚিāĻ•িāω⧰িāϟি।

2. Liquid liabilities include:

āϤ⧰āϞ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āφāĻ›ে:

 (a) Only creditors

 (āĻ•) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা

 (b) Bank overdraft and creditors

 (āĻ–) āĻŦেāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ…āĻ­াā§°āĻĄ্ā§°াāĻĢ্āϟ āφ⧰ু āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা

 (c) Creditors and other unpaid amounts

 (āĻ—) āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧিāϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ

 (d) None of the above

 (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়

 3. Current ratio is a..........ratio:

 3. āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ•.... āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ:

 (a) Balance sheet

 (āĻ•) āĻŦেāϞেāύ্āϏ āĻļ্āĻŦীāϟ

(b) Profit and loss

(āĻ–) āϞাāĻ­ āφ⧰ু āϞোāĻ•āϚাāύ

 (c) Combined

 (āĻ—) āϏংāϝুāĻ•্āϤ

 (d) Fictitious.

 (āϘ) āĻ•াāϞ্āĻĒāύিāĻ•।

 4. Identify the item that is not taken into account in computing the current ratio: 

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āύāϕ⧰া āφāχāϟেāĻŽāϟো āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•: 

(a) Sundry debtors

(āĻ•) āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°ী āĻ‹āĻŖী

 (b) Sundry creditors

(āĻ–) āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°ী āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা

 (d) Furniture.

 (āϘ) āφāϚāĻŦাāĻŦ।

 (c) Bank overdraft

 (āĻ—) āĻŦেংāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­াā§°āĻĄ্ā§°াāĻĢ্āϟ

 5. Identify the item not taken into account while computing quick ratio:

 āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰োঁāϤে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āύāϕ⧰া āφāχāϟেāĻŽāϟো āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

 (a) Cash

 (āĻ•) āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ

  (b) Bank balance 

 (āĻ–) āĻŦেংāĻ• āĻŦেāϞেāύ্āϏ 

(c) prepaid Expenses

(āĻ—) āĻĒ্ā§°িāĻĒেāχāĻĄ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়

(d) Sundry creditors.

(āϘ) āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°ী āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা।

 6. Given: The opening stock at 60,000, closing stock at  50,000 and cost of goods sold being 2, 20,000 the stock turnover ratio will be:

 āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে: 60,000 āϤ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖি āώ্āϟāĻ•, 50,000 āϤ āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤি āώ্āϟāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āĻšোā§ąা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻšৈāĻ›ে 2, 20,000 āώ্āϟāĻ• āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ:

 (a) 2 times

 (āĻ•) 2 āĻŦাā§°

 (b) 3 times

 (āĻ–) ā§Š āĻŦাā§°

 (c) 4 times

(āĻ—) 4 āĻŦাā§°

 (d) 5 times

 (āϘ) ā§Ģ āĻŦাā§°

 7. If net sales for the year are  2,00,000 and debtors 40,000 the average collection period is:

āϝāĻĻি āĻŦāϛ⧰āϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽুāĻ  āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী 2,00,000 āφ⧰ু āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা 40,000 āĻšāϝ় āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻ—āĻĄ় āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻšā§° āĻŽ্āϝাāĻĻ āĻšৈāĻ›ে:

 (a) 40 days

 (āĻ•) ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻĻিāύ

(b) 45 days

(āĻ–) ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻĻিāύ

 (c) 60 days

 (āĻ—) ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻĻিāύ

 (d) 72 days

 (āϘ) ⧭⧍ āĻĻিāύ

 8. Which of the following assets is not a quick asset in calculating acid test ratio?

āĻāϚিāĻĄ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻšāϝ়?

 (a) Cash

 (āĻ•) āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ

 (b) Short-term bills receivable

 (āĻ–) āĻš্ā§°āϏ্āĻŦāĻŽ্āϝাāĻĻী āĻŦিāϞ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ

 (c) Stock

 (āĻ—) āώ্āϟāĻ•

 (d) Debtors less provision for bad had doubtful debts

 (āϘ) āĻŦেāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤাāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻšāϜāύāĻ• āĻ‹āĻŖ āφāĻ›িāϞ

 9. If the current ratio stands at 2:1, an equal increase in current assets and current liabilities would........the current ratio : 

 āϝāĻĻি āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ 2:1 āĻšāϝ়, āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻš'āĻŦ....। āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ : 

(a) Increase

(āĻ•) āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি

 (b) Decrease

 (āĻ–) āĻš্ā§°াāϏ

 (c) Not change.

 (āĻ—) āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āύāĻšāϝ়।

(d) Cause fluctuations in.

(āϘ) āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰ে।

 10. Identify the satisfactory liquid or acid test ratio among the following:

 10. āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āϏāύ্āϤোāώāϜāύāĻ• āϤ⧰āϞ āĻŦা āĻāϚিāĻĄ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

 (a) 2:1

 (āĻ•) ⧍: ā§§

 (b) 1:2

  (āĻ–) ā§§: ⧍

 (c) 1:1

 (āĻ—) ā§§: ā§§

 (d) None of these.

  (āϘ) āĻāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāĻ•ো āύāĻšāϝ়।

 11. When Quick Ratio is 1.5:1 and the amount of Quick Liabilities is 20,000, find the amount of quick assets:

 āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ 1.5:1 āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻĻাāϝ়āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ 20,000 āĻšāϝ়, āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ“āĻ•:

 (a)  20,000

 (āĻ•) ⧍ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ

 (b)  30,000

 (āĻ–) ā§Šā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ

 (c) 40,000

 (āĻ—) ā§Ēā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ

 (d) 50,000.

 (āϘ) ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ।

 12. If the cost of goods sold is 1 lakh and the opening and closing stocks are at 20,000 and 30,000 respectively, what will be the stock turnover ratio?

āϝāĻĻি āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী āĻšোā§ąা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ 1 āϞাāĻ– āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻ–োāϞা āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤি āώ্āϟāϕ⧰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽাāύ্āĻŦāϝ়ে 20,000 āφ⧰ু 30,000 āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāύ্āϤে āώ্āϟāĻ• āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§°ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻš'āĻŦ?

(a) 3.33 times

(āĻ•) ā§Š.ā§Šā§Š āĻŦাā§°

 (b) 4 times

 (āĻ–) ā§Ē āĻŦাā§°

(c) 5 times

(āĻ—) 5 āĻŦাā§°

 (d) 6 times.

 (āϘ) ā§Ŧ āĻŦাā§°।

13. If the operating ratio is 92, the ratio of operating profit to sales will be:

 āϝāĻĻি āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ 92 āĻšāϝ়, āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ:

 (a) 192%

 (āĻ•) ⧧⧝⧍%

 (b) 8%

 (āĻ–) ā§Ž%

 (c) 92% 

(āĻ—) ⧝⧍% 

(d) Cannot be determined from the given information.

Ans. 1. (d);2. (c); 3. (a); 4. (d); 5. (c); 6. (c); 7. (d); 8. (c); 9. (b); 10. (c); 11. (b); 12. (b); 13. (b)] 

B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

āĻ–. āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

 1. What is meant by Ratio?

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 2. What is 'Ratio Analysis'?

'āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ' āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 3. State any two advantages of ratio analysis.

 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


 4. Name any two liquidity ratios. 

 āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āϤ⧰āϞāϤাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•। 

Answer:


5. Give any two limitations of ratio analysis.

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

Answer:


6. What is a current ratio?

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ?


Answer:


7. State any two efficiency ratios. 

āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻুāϟা āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•। 


Answer:


8. Why is debtors turnover ratio calculated?

āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤাā§° āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§°ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?


Answer:


 9. What do you mean by return on investment? 

āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϞাāĻ­ ā§°āĻ–াā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়? 

Answer:


10. What is the need for calculating turnover ratios?

 āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§°ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ়āϤা āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 11. How is current ratio calculated?

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Answer:


 12. Give any three advantages of ratio analysis. 

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϤিāύিāϟা āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•। 

Answer:


13. What is meant by an 'accounting ratio'?

'āĻāĻ•াāωāĻŖ্āϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ'ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 14. What are the steps involved in ratio analysis?

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖāϤ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 15. Name any three liquidity ratios.

 āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϤিāύিāϟা āϤ⧰āϞāϤাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

Answer:


 16. What does the current ratio indicate?

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϟোā§ąে āĻ•ি āϏূāϚাāϝ়?

Answer:


 17. Explain the significance and computation of any three:

āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϤিāύিāϟাā§° āϤাā§ŽāĻĒā§°্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•:

 (i) Quick Ratio

 (āφāχ) āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

 (ii) Stock-Turnover Ratio

 (āφāχāφāχ) āώ্āϟāĻ•-āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

 (iii) Debtors Turnover Ratio

 (āϤৃāϤীāϝ়) āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤাā§° āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

 (iv) Working Capital Turnover Ratio

 (āϚāϤুā§°্āĻĨ) āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

Answer:


 18. Explain any three limitations of ratio analysis.

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϤিāύিāϟা āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


 19. What is the effect of receipt of cash from debtors on current ratio of 1:1? 

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ 1:1 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāϤ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি? 

Answer:


20. What is the effect of cash paid to creditors on quick ratio of

āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤাāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāĻļোāϧ āϕ⧰া āύāĻ—āĻĻ āϧāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি

Answer:


 21. Give the meaning and objectives of :

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•:

 (i) Debt-Equity Ratio

    āĻ‹āĻŖ-āχāĻ•ুāχāϟি āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

 (ii) Proprietary Ratio

     āϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াā§°ী āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ

 (iii) Return on Investment

āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ ā§°িāϟাā§°্āĻŖ

Answer:


 22. What does Net Profit Ratio indicate?

āĻŽুāĻ  āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāχ āĻ•ি āϏূāϚাāϝ়?

Answer:


 23. Explain briefly the meaning and significance of 'Return on Capital Employed'.

'ā§°িāϟাā§°্āĻŖ āĻ…āύ āĻ•েāĻĒিāϟেāϞ āĻāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞāϝ়āĻĄ'ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āϤাā§ŽāĻĒā§°্āϝ āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


24. Name three current assets movement ratios.

āϤিāύিāϟা āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āϚāϞাāϚāϞāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

Answer:


25. How can general profitability ratios be interpreted?

āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

Answer:


26. Discuss interest coverage ratio.

āϏূāϤ āĻ•āĻ­াā§°েāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


27. Discuss the significance of Debt-Equity ratio.

āĻ‹āĻŖ-āχāĻ•ুāχāϟি āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āϤাā§ŽāĻĒā§°্āϝ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


28. Describe the term 'Capital employed."

'āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


29. Discuss the importance of ROI.

āφ⧰.āĻ“.āφāχ.-ā§° āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


30. What is the need for calculating Turnover Ratio?

āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ়āϤা āĻ•ি?

Answer:


31. What are the objectives of ratio analysis?

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:


32. List out four advantages of ratio analysis.

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


33. How are ratios classified?

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

Answer:


34. What is window dressing?

āωāχāĻŖ্āĻĄো āĻĄ্ā§°েāĻ›িং āĻ•ি?

Answer:


35. What is leverage ratio?

āϞিāĻ­াā§°েāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•ি?

Answer:


36. What is capital gearing?

āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ āĻ—িāϝ়াā§°িং āĻ•ি?

Answer:


37. State the significance of operating ratio.

āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āϤাā§ŽāĻĒā§°্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


38. What is a net profit ratio?

āĻŽুāĻ  āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ?

Answer:


39. Discuss Du-Pont Chart.

 āĻĄু-āĻĒāύ্āϟ āϚাā§°্āϟ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


40. Explain the meaning of inter firm and intra firm ratio analysis.

āφāύ্āϤঃ āĻĢাā§°্āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āφāύ্āϤঃāĻĢাā§°্āĻŽ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


C. ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

āĻ—. āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧāĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. What is meant by ratio analysis? Discuss its objects and limitations. 

 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি? āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āφ⧰ু āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাāĻŦোā§° āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•। 

Answer:


2. What is ratio analysis? What are the steps involved in it?

 āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•ি? āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻ•ি āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āφāĻ›ে?

Answer:

 

3. What do you understand by ratio analysis? Discuss its uses and limitations.

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāϝ়? āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āφ⧰ু āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻŦোā§° āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


4. "Ratio analysis is a tool to examine the health of business with a view to make financial results more. intelligible." Explain.

"āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŦিāϤ্āϤীāϝ় āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϕ⧰াā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ⧰ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻāĻ• āϏঁāϜুāϞি। āĻŦোāϧāĻ—āĻŽ্āϝ।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


5. (a) What is the significance of ratios?

(āĻ•) āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āϤাā§ŽāĻĒā§°্āϝ āĻ•ি?

Answer:


 (b) What are the limitations of ratio analysis?

(āĻ–) āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖā§° āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:


6. "Ratios are indicators-sometimes pointers but not in themselves powerful tools of management." Explain"

āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏূāϚāĻ•-āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻĒāχāĻŖ্āϟাā§° āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āύিāϜে āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąāύ্āϧāύ⧰ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϏঁāϜুāϞি āύāĻšāϝ়।" āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•। 

Answer:


7. "Ratio analysis is only a technique for making judgements and not a substitute for judgements." Examine.

"āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŦিāϚাā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāϚাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āύāĻšāϝ়।" āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:


8. What are liquidity ratios? Discuss their significance. 

āϤ⧰āϞāϤাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ? āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•। 

Answer:


9. Describe the various ratios that are likely to help the management of a manufacturing unit forming an opinion on the solvency position of business.

āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ā§° āϏāϞāĻ­েāύ্āϏি āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰া āĻāϟা āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ—োāϟ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞāύাāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ąāύা āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।


Answer:


10. Examine the relationship between solvency, liquidity and profitability. 

 āϏāϞāĻ­েāύ্āϏি, āϤ⧰āϞāϤা āφ⧰ু āϞাāĻ­āϜāύāĻ•āϤাā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰āĻ•। 


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11. Describe any five accounting ratios and briefly explain their significance. 

 āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĒাঁāϚāϟা āĻāĻ•াāωāĻŖ্āϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•। 


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12. Describe the principle ratios which you consider significant while interpreting the published accounts of a company and explain the inferences which may be drawn from them.

āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύী āĻāϟাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻāĻ•াāωāĻŖ্āϟāĻŦোā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰োঁāϤে āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦুāϞি āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āϕ⧰া āύীāϤিāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āφāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻ…āύুāĻŽাāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।


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13. Describe with illustrations any three of the following:

 āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āϤিāύিāϟা āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•:

(i) Current Ratio.

āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

(ii) Inventory Turnover Ratio.

 āχāύāĻ­েāĻŖ্āϟ⧰ী āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

(iii) Operating Ratio.

āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

(iv) Interest Coverage Ratio.]

 āϏূāϤ āĻ•āĻ­াā§°েāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।]

(v) Debt to Equity Ratio.

(āĻŦ) āĻ‹āĻŖā§° āĻĒā§°া āχāĻ•ুāχāϟি āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

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14. Explain and illustrate the following terms used in Management Accounting:

āĻŽেāύেāϜāĻŽেāĻŖ্āϟ āĻāĻ•াāωāĻŖ্āϟিংāϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•:

(a) Price Earning Ratio, (b) Capital Gearing, (c) Inventory Turnover Ratio, (d) Net Income Debt Service Ratio. illustrate three of the

(āĻ•) āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āĻ–) āĻ•েāĻĒিāϟেāϞ āĻ—িāϝ়াā§°িং, (āĻ—) āχāύāĻ­েāĻŖ্āϟ⧰ী āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āϘ) āĻŽুāĻ  āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ āĻ‹āĻŖ āϏেā§ąা āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ। āϤিāύিāϟা āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•

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15. Explain and following: (i) Gearing on capital, (ii) Return on Investment, (iii) Debt Service Ratio, (iv) Turnover Ratio, (v) Operating Ratio.

 āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āφ⧰ু āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ: (āφāχ) āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—িāϝ়াā§°িং, (āφāχāφāχ) āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ ā§°িāϟাā§°্āĻŖ, (āϤৃāϤীāϝ়) āĻ‹āĻŖ āϏেā§ąা āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āφāχāĻ­ি) āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āĻŦāύাāĻŽ) āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

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16. What are the important profitability ratios? How are they worked out? Explain and illustrate.

 āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ? āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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17. The Directors of General Cloth Mills Limited are concerned at the persistent decline in their gross profit rates for the last three years. You are required to list the possible reasons for the decline.

āϜেāύেā§°েāϞ āĻ•্āϞāĻĨ āĻŽিāϞāĻ› āϞিāĻŽিāϟেāĻĄā§° āϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āϝোā§ąা āϤিāύি āĻŦāϛ⧰āϧ⧰ি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŽুāĻ  āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻšাā§° āύিā§°āύ্āϤ⧰ āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚিāύ্āϤিāϤ। āφāĻĒুāύি āĻš্ā§°াāϏ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ą্āϝ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāĻŦোā§° āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।

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18. "Return on Investments is considered to be the master ratio which reflects the overall performance of the company." Elucidate and show by examples how various managerial decisions affect ROI. 

"āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ ā§°িāϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ• āĻŽাāώ্āϟাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় āϝি āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύীā§° āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°িāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āϕ⧰ে।" āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāχ āφ⧰.āĻ“.āφāχ.-āĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āϕ⧰ে āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ ā§°āĻ–া āφ⧰ু āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻ“āĻ•।  

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19. Discuss the usefulness of the following financial ratios: (a) Current Ratio, (b) Sales to Fixed Assets, (c) Profit to sales, (d) Net worth to Fixed Assets. 

āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦিāϤ্āϤীāϝ় āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻŦোā§°ā§° āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•: (āĻ•) āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āĻ–) āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ী, (āĻ—) āĻŦিāĻ•্ā§°ীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϞাāĻ­, (āϘ) āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻŽুāĻ  āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ। 

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20. Write detailed note on capital employed.

 āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŦিāϤং āϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–āĻ•।

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21. What relationship would you examine to study (a) the capital structure, (b) The liquidity, (c) the earning power of a business unit?

 āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ⧰ āĻ—াঁāĻĨāύি āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦ, (āĻ–) āϤ⧰āϞāϤা, (āĻ—) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়িāĻ• āĻ—োāϟ āĻāϟাā§° āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা?

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22. Explain the following terms and show their importance: 

22. āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āϚ⧰্āϤাā§ąāϞী āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻ“āĻ•: 

(a) Trading on Equity, (b) Price Earning Ratio, (c) Operating leverage, (d) Financial leverage, (e) Window dressing, (f) Creditors Turnover Ratio, (g) Operating Profit Ratio.

(āĻ•) āχāĻ•ুāχāϟিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϟ্ā§°েāĻĄিং, (āĻ–) āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύāĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āĻ—) āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āϞিāĻ­াā§°েāϜ, (āϘ) āĻŦিāϤ্āϤীāϝ় āϞিāĻ­াā§°েāϜ, (āĻ™) āωāχāĻŖ্āĻĄো āĻĄ্ā§°েāĻ›িং, (āϚ) āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāϤা āϟাā§°্āĻŖāĻ…'āĻ­াā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ, (āϜি) āĻ…āĻĒাā§°েāϟিং āϞাāĻ­āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ।

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Type-Bharat Kalita