Chapter 9
Ordinal Utility Approach (Indifference Curves Analysis)
Multiple Choice Questions
āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻŦিāĻāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Along an indifference curve, all combinations of goods yield
āĻāĻ āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে, āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻāϞো āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖāĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšāϝ়
(a) Equal satisfaction
āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻি
(b) Different satisfactions
āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻি
(c) Both cases are true.
āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা āĻāĻāύাāĻ āϏঁāĻা।
Answer: (a) Equal satisfaction (āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āĻি)।
2. The indifference curve technique measures utility through
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻৌāĻļāϞে āĻāĻĒāϝোāĻিāϤা āĻোāĻে
(a) Cardinal method
āĻাā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি
(b) Ordinal method
āĻ ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি
(c) Neither of the two.
āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻাā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়।
Answer: (b) Ordinal method (āĻ ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি)।
3. The indifference curve approach is associated with
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻিāϤ
(a) Marshall
āĻŽাā§°্āĻļ্āĻŦেāϞ
(b) Pigou
āĻĒিāĻু
(c) Hicks
āĻšিāĻ্āϏ
(d) Keynes
āĻেāĻāύāĻ
Answer: (c) Hicks (āĻšিāĻ্āϏ)।
4. An indifference curve
āĻāĻা āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°
(a) Slopes upwards from left to right
āĻŦাāĻঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞāϞৈ āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ
(b) Slopes downwards from left right.
āĻŦাāĻঁ āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ।
(c) Is a horizontal line
āĻāĻা āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি ā§°েāĻা
(d) Is a vertical line
āĻāĻা āĻāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ ā§°েāĻা
Answer: (b) Slopes downwards from left right. (āĻŦাāĻঁ āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ।)
5. An indifference curve is a negatively sloping
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻ āĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻাā§ąে āĻšেāϞāύীāϝ়া
(a) Convex curve to the origin
āĻā§āĻĒāϤ্āϤিāϞৈ āĻāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ্ā§°
(b) Concave curve to the origin
āĻā§āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻ ā§ąāϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ্ā§°
(c) Straight line
āϏ⧰āϞ ā§°েāĻা
Answer: (a) Convex curve to the origin (āĻā§āĻĒāϤ্āϤিāϞৈ āĻāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ্ā§°)।
6. The L-shaped indifference curve signifies
āĻāϞ-āĻāĻৃāϤিā§° āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°āĻ āϏূāĻাāϝ়
(a) Complementary goods
āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী
(b) Substitute goods
āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦিāĻāϞ্āĻĒ
(c) None of these above.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāĻাāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়।
Answer: (a) Complementary goods (āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী)।
7. In case of Giffen goods, the price effect is
āĻিāĻĢেāύ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ, āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻšৈāĻে
(a) Zero
āĻļূāύ্āϝ
(b) Positive
āϧāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ
(c) Negative
āĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ
Answer: (c) Negative (āĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ)।
8. For perfect complementarity between two goods X and Y
āĻĻুāĻা āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী āĻāĻ্āϏ āĻā§°ু ā§ąাāĻā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻāϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে
(a) MRSy will be zero
āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.āĻāĻ.āĻāĻ. āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ
(b) MRS will be zero
āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.āĻāĻ. āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ
(c) MRSy and MRSx both will be zero
āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.āĻāĻ.āĻি. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.āĻāĻ.āĻāĻ.āĻāĻ্āϏ āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻা āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ
(d) None of the above.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়।
Answer: (d) None of the above. (āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়।)
9. In case of Giffen paradox
āĻিāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ্āϏ⧰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ
(a) Income effect and price effect are positive
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ
(b) Income effect and price effect are zero
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻļূāύ্āϝ
(c) Income effect and price effect are negative.
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ।
Answer: (c) Income effect and price effect are negative. (āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ।)
10. The indifference curve approach assumes
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϝ়ে āϧ⧰ি āϞāϝ়
(a) Weak ordering
āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻ ā§°্āĻĄাā§°
(b) Strong ordering
āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ ā§°্āĻĄাā§°
(c) Neither of the two.
āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻাā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়।
Answer: (a) Weak ordering (āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻ ā§°্āĻĄাā§°)।
11. Hicks-Allen substitution effect involves
āĻšিāĻ্āϏ-āĻāϞেāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąāϤ āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে
(a) Compensating variation in income
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া
(b) Cost difference.
āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়ā§° āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ।
(c) Neither of the two.
āĻĻুāϝ়োāĻাā§° āĻোāύোāĻোā§ąেāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়।
Answer: (a) Compensating variation in income ( āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া)।
1. What is ordinal measurement of utility ?
āĻāĻĒāϝোāĻিāϤাā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻোāĻ āĻি?
Answer:
2. Define indifference map.
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŽাāύāĻিāϤ্ā§° āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ।
Answer:
3. What is marginal rate of substitution ?
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻšাā§° āĻিāĻŽাāύ?
Answer:
4. What is price line ?
4. āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°েāĻা āĻি?
Answer:
5. Define consumer's equilibrium.
āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ।
Answer:
6. What is price effect ?
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻি?
Answer:
7. What is income effect?
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻি?
Answer:
8. What is meant by the compensating variation in income?
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻ্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ⧰ āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি?
Answer:
9. What is cost difference principle?
āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝāύীāϤি āĻি?
Answer:
10. What is meant by substitution effect ?
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি?
Answer:
11. Define Giffen paradox.
āĻিāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ্āϏ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ।
Answer:
Short Answer Type Questions
āĻāĻŽু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. What is meant by an indifference curve?
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি?
Answer:
2. Give two properties of indifference curve.
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻĻুāĻা āĻুāĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ।
Answer:
3. What are the assumptions of consumer's equilibrium?
āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ⧰ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§° āĻি?
Answer:
4. What are the conditions for consumer's equilibrium?
āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻā§°্āϤāĻŦোā§° āĻি?
Answer:
5. Explain briefly diminishing marginal rate of substitution.
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻšাā§° āĻāĻŽুāĻৈ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
6. "The slope of price line is measured by the ratio of prices of two commodities". Comment.
"āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°েāĻাā§° āĻĸাāϞ āĻĻুāĻা āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻ āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻোāĻা āĻšāϝ়"। āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ।
Answer:
7. Given a consumer's money income M and prices of two commodities Px and Py find the slope of the budget constraint line in terms of Px and Py
āĻāĻāύ āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϧāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ āĻāĻŽ āĻā§°ু āĻĻুāĻা āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒিāĻāĻ্āϏ āĻā§°ু āĻĒাāĻāϝ়ে āĻĒিāĻāĻ্āϏ āĻā§°ু āĻĒাāĻā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦাāĻেāĻā§° āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা ā§°েāĻাā§° āĻĸাāϞ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒাāϝ়
Answer:
8. What is the marginal rate of substitution between two perfect substitute commodities. Derive indifference curve for these commodities.
āĻĻুāĻা āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻŦিāĻāϞ্āĻĒ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻšাā§° āĻিāĻŽাāύ। āĻāĻ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া।
Answer:
9. Show income effect in case of inferior goods.
āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ীā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻĻেāĻুā§ąা।
Answer:
Long Answer Type Questions
āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. What are the properties of an indifference curve ?
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻুāĻŖাāĻুāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻি?
Answer:
2. Explain briefly consumer's equilibrium through scale of preferences.
āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻā§° āϏ্āĻেāϞ⧰ āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āĻāĻŽুāĻৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
3. Explain the price effect.
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
4. Explain the income effect.
āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
5. Explain the substitution effect.
āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύāĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąāĻো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
6. Explain Giffen paradox through indifference curves approach.
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻিāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ্āϏ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
7. How will you derive demand curve from indifference curves ?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦ?
Answer:
8. Explain the income effect and substitution effect of a price reduction for a Giffen good.
āĻিāĻĢেāύ āĻাāϞāĻāĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻš্ā§°াāϏ⧰ āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
9. Explain the applications of indifference curves.
9. āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
Answer:
Very Long Answer Type Questions
āĻ āϤি āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ
1. Mention the properties of an indifference curve.
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§°āĻāĻাā§° āĻুāĻŖাāĻুāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
Answer:
2. Explain clearly the consumer's equilibrium through ordinal utility approach.
āĻ ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻāĻāĻিāϞিāĻি āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻ্ā§°াāĻšāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
3. Explain price effect, income effect and substitution effect.
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą, āĻāĻĒাā§°্āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
4. Discuss some prominent applications of the indifference curves approach.
āĻāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
Post ID : DABP003320