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Chapter 9

Ordinal Utility Approach (Indifference Curves Analysis)

Multiple Choice Questions

āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Along an indifference curve, all combinations of goods yield 

āĻāĻ• āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে, āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖāĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšāϝ় 

(a) Equal satisfaction 

 āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟি

(b) Different satisfactions  

āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟি  

(c) Both cases are true.

āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āϘāϟāύাāχ āϏঁāϚা।

Answer: (a) Equal satisfaction (āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟি)।   

2. The indifference curve technique measures utility through 

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞে āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āϜোāĻ–ে 

(a) Cardinal method  

āĻ•াā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি 

(b) Ordinal method  

āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি  

(c) Neither of the two. 

āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟাā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়। 

 Answer: (b) Ordinal method  (āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি)।   

3. The indifference curve approach is associated with  

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•িāϤ

(a) Marshall  

āĻŽাā§°্āĻļ্āĻŦেāϞ  

(b) Pigou 

āĻĒিāĻ—ু   

(c) Hicks

āĻšিāĻ•্āϏ  

(d) Keynes  

āĻ•েāχāύāϚ

 Answer:  (c) Hicks (āĻšিāĻ•্āϏ)।

4. An indifference curve 

āĻāϟা āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° 

(a) Slopes upwards from left to right 

āĻŦাāĻ“ঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞāϞৈ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ

(b) Slopes downwards from left right.

āĻŦাāĻ“ঁ āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ।    

(c) Is a horizontal line  

āĻāϟা āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি ā§°েāĻ–া 

(d) Is a vertical line

 āĻāϟা āωāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ ā§°েāĻ–া

Answer: (b) Slopes downwards from left right. (āĻŦাāĻ“ঁ āϏোঁāĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĸাāϞ।)

5.  An indifference curve is a negatively sloping 

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ­াā§ąে āĻšেāϞāύীāϝ়া

(a) Convex curve to the origin  

āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤিāϞৈ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° 

(b) Concave curve to the origin

āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°  

(c) Straight line 

āϏ⧰āϞ ā§°েāĻ–া 

Answer: (a) Convex curve to the origin (āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤিāϞৈ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°)।

6. The L-shaped indifference curve signifies  

āĻāϞ-āφāĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āχ āϏূāϚাāϝ়

(a) Complementary goods 

āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী

(b) Substitute goods  

āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ

(c) None of these above. 

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāϟাāĻ“ āύāĻšāϝ়।

 Answer: (a) Complementary goods (āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী)।

7. In case of Giffen goods, the price effect is

āĻ—িāĻĢেāύ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ, āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻšৈāĻ›ে   

(a) Zero  

āĻļূāύ্āϝ 

(b) Positive  

āϧāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• 

(c) Negative 

āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•

Answer: (c) Negative (āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•)।

8. For perfect complementarity between two goods X and Y

āĻĻুāϟা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻāĻ•্āϏ āφ⧰ু ā§ąাāχ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āύিāĻ–ুঁāϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻĒূā§°āĻ•āϤাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে  

(a) MRSy will be zero  

 āĻāĻŽ.āφ⧰.āĻāĻ›.āφāχ. āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ  

(b) MRS will be zero  

āĻāĻŽ.āφ⧰.āĻāĻ›. āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ

(c) MRSy and MRSx both will be zero

āĻāĻŽ.āφ⧰.āĻāĻ›.āϚি. āφ⧰ু āĻāĻŽ.āφ⧰.āĻāĻ›.āĻāĻ›.āĻāĻ•্āϏ āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ

(d) None of the above.  

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়।

Answer: (d) None of the above. (āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟো āύāĻšāϝ়।)

9.  In case of Giffen paradox  

āĻ—িāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ•্āϏ⧰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ

(a) Income effect and price effect are positive  

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ•

(b) Income effect and price effect are zero 

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻļূāύ্āϝ 

(c) Income effect and price effect are negative. 

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•। 

Answer: (c) Income effect and price effect are negative. (āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•।)

10. The indifference curve approach assumes

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϝ়ে āϧ⧰ি āϞāϝ়    

(a) Weak ordering

āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄাā§°    

(b) Strong ordering

āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄাā§°

(c) Neither of the two.

āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟাā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়।

 Answer: (a) Weak ordering (āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄাā§°)।

11.  Hicks-Allen substitution effect involves 

āĻšিāĻ•্āϏ-āĻāϞেāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąāϤ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে 

(a) Compensating variation in income  

 āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া   

(b) Cost difference.

āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়ā§° āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ।

(c) Neither of the two.

āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟাā§° āĻ•োāύোāϟোā§ąেāχ āύāĻšāϝ়।

Answer: (a) Compensating variation in income  ( āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া)।  

Very Short Answer Type Questions 
āĻ…āϤি āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 

1. What is ordinal measurement of utility ?

āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—িāϤাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āϜোāĻ– āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

2. Define indifference map. 

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŽাāύāϚিāϤ্ā§° āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•।  

Answer:  

3. What is marginal rate of substitution ? 

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻšাā§° āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ?

Answer:   

4. What is price line ?  

4. āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°েāĻ–া āĻ•ি?  

Answer:  

5. Define consumer's equilibrium.

āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:    

6. What is price effect ?

āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি? 

Answer:  

7. What is income effect?

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

8. What is meant by the compensating variation in income?

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

9. What is cost difference principle?

āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝāύীāϤি āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

10. What is meant by substitution effect ?

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

11. Define Giffen paradox.

āϜিāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ•্āϏ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:    

Short Answer Type Questions 

āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ 

1. What is meant by an indifference curve?

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

Answer:    

2. Give two properties of indifference curve.

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āĻĻুāϟা āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

Answer:    

3. What are the assumptions of consumer's equilibrium?  

āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ⧰ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:  

4. What are the conditions for consumer's equilibrium? 

āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚ⧰্āϤāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:   

5. Explain briefly diminishing marginal rate of substitution.

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻšাā§° āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া।

Answer:   

6. "The slope of price line is measured by the ratio of prices of two commodities". Comment.

"āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°েāĻ–াā§° āĻĸাāϞ āĻĻুāϟা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϜোāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়"। āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ।    

Answer:  

7. Given a consumer's money income M and prices of two commodities Px and Py find the slope of the budget constraint line in terms of Pand Py

āĻāϜāύ āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϧāύ⧰ āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ āĻāĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻĻুāϟা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒিāĻāĻ•্āϏ āφ⧰ু āĻĒাāχāϝ়ে āĻĒিāĻāĻ•্āϏ āφ⧰ু āĻĒাāχ⧰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ⧰ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা ā§°েāĻ–াā§° āĻĸাāϞ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒাāϝ়

Answer:  

8. What is the marginal rate of substitution between two perfect substitute commodities. Derive  indifference curve for these commodities.

āĻĻুāϟা āύিāĻ–ুঁāϤ āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻšাā§° āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ। āĻāχ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āφāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া।

Answer:    

9. Show income effect in case of inferior goods. 

āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąা। 

Answer:   

Long Answer Type Questions  

āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. What are the properties of an indifference curve ?

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āĻ—ুāĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?

Answer:   

2. Explain briefly consumer's equilibrium through scale of preferences.  

āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻā§° āϏ্āĻ•েāϞ⧰ āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া। 

Answer:  

3. Explain the price effect.

āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া।

Answer:    

4. Explain the income effect. 

āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া। 

Answer:  

5. Explain the substitution effect.

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύāĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąāϟো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া।

Answer:   

6. Explain Giffen paradox through indifference curves approach.

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϜিāĻĢেāύ āĻĒেā§°াāĻĄāĻ•্āϏ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰া। 

Answer:  

7. How will you derive demand curve from indifference curves ?  

āφāĻĒুāύি āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āφāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ?  

Answer:  

8. Explain the income effect and substitution effect of a price reduction for a Giffen good. 

 āϜিāĻĢেāύ āĻ­াāϞāĻāϟাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻš্ā§°াāϏ⧰ āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া। 

Answer:  

9. Explain the applications of indifference curves.

9. āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ—āĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:  

Very Long Answer Type Questions

āĻ…āϤি āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āωāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ

1. Mention the properties of an indifference curve.

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āĻāϟাā§° āĻ—ুāĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

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2. Explain clearly the consumer's equilibrium through ordinal utility approach.

āĻ…ā§°্āĻĄিāύেāϞ āχāωāϟিāϞিāϟি āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻ—্ā§°াāĻšāϕ⧰ āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া।

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3. Explain price effect, income effect and substitution effect.

āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą, āωāĻĒাā§°্āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া।

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4. Discuss some prominent applications of the indifference curves approach. 

āωāĻĻাāϏীāύāϤা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ—āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া। 

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Questions Type-Bhabesh Bora. 




Post ID : DABP003320