Chapter 12
Ravenues and Ravenue Curves
1. When total revenue is maximum, then
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽুāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻš āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া
(a) MR equals zero
āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻļূāύ্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ
(b) AR equals zero
āĻāĻā§° āĻļূāύ্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ
(c) None of the above
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻোāύোāĻো āύāĻšāϝ়
Answer: (a) MR equals zero (āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻļূāύ্āϝ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ)।
2. When AR falls, the MR
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻĒā§°ে, āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.
(a) Rises
āĻāϤ্āĻĨাāύ
(b) Falls
āĻāϞāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ
(c) Remains unchanged
āĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻāĻে
Answer: (b) Falls (āĻāϞāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ)।
3. When AR rises, the MR
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻ ে, āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.
(a) Rises
āĻāϤ্āĻĨাāύ
(b) Falls
āĻāϞāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ
(c) Remains unchanged
āĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻāĻে
Answer: (a) Rises (āĻāϤ্āĻĨাāύ)।
4. When AR remains constant, the MR
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ.āĻā§°. āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻĨাāĻে, āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.
(a) Rises
āĻāϤ্āĻĨাāύ
(b) Falls
āĻāϞāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ
(c) Remains constant
āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻে
Answer: (c) Remains constant (āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻে)।
5. If Ep=1.8 and MR = Rs. 16, then AR is
āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻĒি=1.8 āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. = 16 āĻāĻা, āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻšৈāĻে
(a) Rs. 40
40 āĻāĻা
(b) Rs. 36
ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻāĻা
(c) Rs. 32
32 āĻāĻা
Answer: (b) Rs. 36 (ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻāĻা)।
6. If Ep=1, AR = Rs. 10, then MR is
āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻĒি=1, āĻāĻā§° = 10 āĻāĻা, āϤেāύ্āϤে āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻšৈāĻে
(a) Zero
āĻļূāύ্āϝ
(b) 1 Re
1 āĻĒুāύ⧰
(c) Rs. 2.
2 āĻāĻা।
Answer: (a) Zero (āĻļূāύ্āϝ)।
7. AR and MR curves under perfect competition are
āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোāĻিāϤাā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āĻāĻā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻাā§°্āĻāĻŦোā§° āĻšৈāĻে
(a) Parallel to X-axis
āĻāĻ্āϏ-āĻ āĻ্āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤ⧰াāϞ
(b) Parallel to Y-axis
ā§ąাāĻ-āĻ āĻ্āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤ⧰াāϞ
(c) Upward sloping
āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻšেāϞāύীāϝ়া
(d) Downward sloping
āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻšেāϞāύীāϝ়া
Answer: (a) Parallel to X-axis (āĻāĻ্āϏ-āĻ āĻ্āώ⧰ āϏāĻŽাāύ্āϤ⧰াāϞ)।
8. Profits for a firm are maximum when
āĻĢাā§°্āĻŽ āĻāĻাā§° āϞাāĻ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āĻšāϝ় āϝেāϤিāϝ়া
(a) MR > MC
āĻāĻŽāĻā§° > āĻāĻŽāĻি
(b) MR<MC
āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.<āĻāĻŽ.āĻি.
(c) MR = MC
āĻāĻŽāĻā§° = āĻāĻŽāĻি
(d) MR MC=0
āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻāĻŽāĻি=0
Answer: (c) MR = MC (āĻāĻŽāĻā§° = āĻāĻŽāĻি)।
(a) TR<TC
(āĻ) āĻিāĻā§°<āĻিāĻি
(b) TR=TC
(āĻ) āĻিāĻā§°=āĻিāĻি
(c) TR>TC
(āĻ) āĻিāĻā§°>āĻিāĻি
Answer: (b) TR=TC ((āĻ) āĻিāĻā§°=āĻিāĻি)।
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Define total revenue (TR).
āĻŽুāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻš (āĻিāĻā§°) āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া।
Answer:
2. What is average revenue (AR) ?
āĻāĻĄ় ā§°াāĻāĻš (āĻāĻā§°) āĻিāĻŽাāύ?
Answer:
3. What is the meaning of marginal revenue (MR) ?
āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻšā§° (āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.) āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻি?
Answer:
4. Give the formula for relating AR, MR and price elasticity of demand.
āĻ.āĻā§°., āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻāϤা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°াā§° āϏূāϤ্ā§° āĻĻিāϝ়া।
Answer:
5. Give the meaning of the break-even point of a firm.
āĻĢাā§°্āĻŽ āĻāĻাā§° āĻŦ্ā§°েāĻ-āĻāĻেāύ āĻĒāĻāĻŖ্āĻā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĻিāϝ়া।
Answer:
6. What is the shape of revenue curves under monopoly?
āĻāĻāĻেāĻিāϝ়া āĻāϧিāĻĒāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻ āϧীāύāϤ ā§°াāĻāĻš āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻāĻৃāϤি āĻি?
Answer:
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give the meaning of TR, AR and MR.
āĻি.āĻā§°., āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.-ā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨ āĻĻিāϝ়া।
Answer:
2. If AR curve is a falling straight line, what is the shape of MR curve ?
āϝāĻĻি āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻāĻা āϏ⧰āϞ ā§°েāĻা āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻāĻৃāϤি āĻি?
Answer:
3. Express the relationship between AR, MR and elasticity of demand.
āĻ.āĻā§°., āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻāϤাā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া।
Answer:
4. What is the shape of revenue curves under monopolistic competition ?
āĻāĻāĻেāĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোāĻিāϤাā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ ā§°াāĻāĻš āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻāĻৃāϤি āĻি?
Answer:
5. What are the conditions for firm's equilibrium with maximum profits under perfect competition ?
āύিāĻুঁāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোāĻিāϤাā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āϞাāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĢাā§°্āĻŽā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ⧰ āĻā§°্āϤāĻŦোā§° āĻি?
Answer:
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the concepts of TR, AR and MR.
āĻি.āĻā§°., āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.-ā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖাāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
2. Discuss the relationship between AR and MR.
āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.-ā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
3. Establish the relationship between AR and MR through price elasticity of demand.
āĻাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻāϤাā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāĻā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽāĻā§°ā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°া।
Answer:
4. Determine MR, if
āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ, āϝāĻĻি
(i) Price = Rs. 24 and Ep = 1.2
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ = 24 āĻāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒি = 1.2
(ii) Price = Rs. 16 and Ep = 1
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ = 16 āĻāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒি = 1
(iii) Price = Rs. 30 and Ep = 0.6
āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ = 30 āĻāĻা āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒি = 0.6
Answer:
5. Does a firm maxinise its total revenue when it maximises its total profit ? Explain briefly.
āĻāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāύে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŽুāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻš āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŽুāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻš āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ āĻā§°ে āύেāĻি? āĻāĻŽুāĻৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
Very Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain clearly the different concepts related to revenues.
ā§°াāĻāĻš āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻীāϝ় āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
2. How can you derive AR and MR curves from the TR curve ?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻিāĻā§° āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽāĻā§° āĻŦāĻ্ā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে?
Answer:
3. Explain clearly the relationship between AR and MR.
āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°.-ā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
4. Explain clearly the relationship between AR, MR and price elasticity of demand.
āĻ.āĻā§°., āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻšিāĻĻাā§° āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻāϤাā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
5. Explain the shape of AR and MR curves under different market situations.
āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻŦāĻাā§°āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āĻ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻŦāĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻāĻৃāϤি āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।
Answer:
6. Discuss producer's equilibrium with the help of total revenue-total cost approach. Using MR and MC approach, find out the level of output at which producer is in equilibrium with the help of the following data. Give reasons for your answer :
āĻŽুāĻ ā§°াāĻāĻš-āĻŽুāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāĻā§° āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া। āĻāĻŽ.āĻā§°. āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽ.āĻি. āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি, āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻĄাāĻাā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ āĻোāύāĻো āϏāύ্āϤুāϞāύāϤ āĻāĻে āϏেāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻĒুāĻā§° āϏ্āϤ⧰ āĻো āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻāĻ। āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰⧰ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ:
Answer: