Kathmandu
Chapter-10
Thinking about Text
(āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻā§°া)
1. Answer these questions in one or two words or in short phrases.
(āĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻা āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϤ āĻŦা āĻāĻŽু āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ)
1. Name the two temples the author visited in Kathmandu.
(āϞেāĻāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄুāϤ āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻĻুāĻা āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻি)
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2. The writer says, "All this I wash down with Coca Cola." What does 'all this refer to?
(āϞেāĻāĻāĻāύে āĻāϝ়, "āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻŽāĻ āĻোāĻা āĻোāϞাā§°ে āϧুāĻ āĻĒেāϞাāĻāĻো।" āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°ে āĻি āĻŦুāĻাāϝ়)
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3. What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine?
(āĻŦিāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻļেāĻ ে āĻāĻা āĻļংāĻুāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻুāĻāϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻি āϤুāϞāύা āĻā§°ে)
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4. Name five kinds of flutes.
(āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦাঁāĻšীā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ)
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II. Answer each question in a short paragraph.
(āĻāĻা āĻāĻŽু āĻ
āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ⧰ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ)
1. What difference does the author note between the flute seller and the other hawkers?
(āĻŦাঁāĻšী āĻŦিāĻ্ā§°েāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻāύ āĻšāĻাā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āϞেāĻāĻে āĻি āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°ে)
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2. What is the belief at Pashupatinath about the end of Kaliyug?
(āĻাāϞিāϝুāĻā§° āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤিāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻে āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒāϤিāύাāĻĨāϤ āĻি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻāĻে)
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3. The author has drawn powerful images and pictures. Pick out three examples each of
(āϞেāĻāĻে āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻāĻŦি āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŦি āĻঁāĻিāĻে। āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻোāϤে āϤিāύিāĻা āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻāύি āĻā§°āĻ)
(i) the atmosphere of 'febrile confusion' outside the temple of Pashupatinath (for example: some people trying to get the priest's attention are elbowed aside...)
(āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒāϤিāύাāĻĨā§° āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϤ 'āĻĢেāĻŦ্ā§°িāϝ়েāϞ āĻŦিāĻ্ā§°াāύ্āϤি'ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ (āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে: āĻĒুā§°োāĻšিāϤ⧰ āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ āĻāĻā§°্āώāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°া āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āϞোāĻāĻ āĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻিāϞাāĻুāĻি āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়...)
(ii) the things he sees
(āϤেāĻঁ āĻĻেāĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻŦোā§°)
(iii) the sounds he hears
(āϤেāĻঁ āĻļুāύা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§°)
III. Answer the following questions in not more than 100-150 words each.
(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ 100-150 āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϤāĻৈ āĻ
āϧিāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়)
1. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around the Baudhnath shrine with the Pashupatinath temple.
(āĻŦাāĻāϧāύাāĻĨ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āĻāĻļে-āĻĒাāĻļে āĻĨāĻা āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāĻ āĻĒāĻļুāĻĒāϤিāύাāĻĨ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤুāϞāύা āĻā§°ু āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻā§°āĻ)
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2. How does the author describe Kathmandu's busiest streets?
(āϞেāĻāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄুā§° āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤāϤāĻŽ ā§°াāϏ্āϤাāĻŦোā§° āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ে)
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3. "To hear any flute is to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind." Why does the author say this?
("āϝিāĻোāύো āĻŦাঁāĻšী āĻļুāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻāϞো āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāĻাāϤিā§° āϏাāĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāϞৈ āĻāĻā§°্āώিāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ।" āϞেāĻāĻে āĻāĻāĻো āĻিāϝ় āĻāϝ়)
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Thinking about Language
(āĻাāώাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻā§°া)
I. Read the following sentences carefully to understand the meaning of the italicised phrases. Then match the phrasal verbs in Column A with their meanings in Column B.
(āĻāĻাāϞিāĻাāĻāĻāĻĄ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏাā§ąāϧাāύে āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϏ্āϤāĻŽ্āĻ āĻ-ā§° āĻĢ্ā§°াāĻাāϞ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦোā§°āĻ āϏ্āϤāĻŽ্āĻ āĻŦি-āϤ āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ
ā§°্āĻĨā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāϞাāĻāĻ)
1. A communal war broke out when the princess was abducted by the neighbouring prince.
(āϝেāϤিāϝ়া ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§°ীāĻā§°াāĻীāĻ āĻুāĻŦুā§°ীāϝ়া ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§°ে āĻ
āĻĒāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻা āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়িāĻ āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ)
2. The cockpit broke off from the plane during the plane crash.
(āĻŦিāĻŽাāύ āĻĻুā§°্āĻāĻāύাā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻŦিāĻŽাāύāĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻāĻĒিāĻ āĻāύ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ)
3. The car broke down on the way and we were left stranded in the jungle.
(āĻŦাāĻāϤ āĻাāĻĄ়ীāĻāύ āĻাāĻি āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻŽি āĻংāĻāϞāϤ āĻā§ąāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞো)
4. The dacoit broke away from the police as they took him to court.
(āĻĄāĻাāĻāϤāĻāύে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤāϞৈ āϞৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āϞāĻে āϞāĻে āĻā§°āĻ্āώীā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻঁāϤ⧰ি āĻৈāĻিāϞ)
5. The brothers broke up after the death of the father.
(āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻাāϤৃāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ)
6. The thief broke into our house when we were away.
(āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻŽি āĻঁāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻিāϞো āĻোā§°āĻো āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻā§°āϤ āϏোāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ)

II. 1. Use the suffixes -ion or -tion to form nouns from the following verbs. Make the necessary changes in the spellings of the words.
(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝāϝ়-āĻāϝ়āύ āĻŦা -āĻিāϝ়āύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°āĻ। āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻŦাāύাāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°āĻ)
Example: proclaim - proclamation
(āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°āĻ - āĻোāώāĻŖা)
2. Now fill in the blanks with suitable words from the ones that you have formed.
(āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻ āύ āĻā§°া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§°ে āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ)
(i) Mass literacy was possible only after the machine. of the ____________ printing machine.
(āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻোā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤāĻšে āĻāĻŖ āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ą āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻĒ্ā§°িāύ্āĻিং āĻŽেāĻিāύ⧰)
(ii) Ramesh is unable to tackle the situation as he lacks _____________.
(ā§°āĻŽেāĻļে āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āĻŽোāĻাāĻŦিāϞা āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ
āĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻিāϝ়āύো āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻ
āĻাā§ą āĻāĻে)
(iii) I could not resist the ____________ to open the letter.
(āĻিāĻ িāĻāύ āĻুāϞিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŽāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিā§°োāϧ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞোঁ)
(iv) Hardwork and ___________ are the main keys to success.
(āĻāĻ োā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°ু āϏāĻĢāϞāϤাā§° āĻŽুāĻ্āϝ āĻাāĻŦিāĻাāĻ ি)
(v) The children were almost fainting with ___________ stand in the sun. after being made to stand in the sun.
(āĻļিāĻļুāĻŦোā§° ā§°'āĻĻāϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšৈ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āĻŽূā§°্āĻ্āĻা āĻৈ āĻāĻিāϞ। ā§°'āĻĻāϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ)
III. Punctuation
(āĻŦিā§°াāĻŽāĻিāĻš্āύ)
Use capital letters, full stops, question marks, commas and inverted commas wherever necessary in the following paragraph.
(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻ
āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āĻš'āϞে āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻāĻā§°, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āώ্āĻāĻĒ, āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোāϧāĻ āĻিāĻš্āύ, āĻāĻŽা āĻā§°ু āĻāϞোāĻা āĻāĻŽা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ)
an arrogant lion was wandering through the jungle one day he asked the tiger who is stronger than you you O lion replied the tiger who is more fierce than a leopard asked the lion you sir replied the leopard he marched upto an elephant and asked the same question the elephant picked him up in his trunk swung him in the air and threw him down look said the lion there is no need to get mad just because you don't know the answer
(āĻāĻা āĻ
āĻšংāĻাā§°ী āϏিংāĻš āĻāĻ āϤāĻৈ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦাāĻāĻোāĻ āϏুāϧিāϞে āĻ
āϏিংāĻšāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϞে āĻŦাāĻāĻো āϝি āĻো āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻী āĻŦাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦেāĻি āĻāϝ়ংāĻā§°, āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϞে āύাāĻšā§°āĻĢুāĻুāĻীāĻŦাāĻāĻোā§ąে āϤেāĻঁ āĻšাāϤীā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻāĻŦাāĻĸ়ি āĻৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻেāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ āϏুāϧিāĻিāϞ āĻšাāϤীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻļুঁāĻĄ়āϤ āϤুāϞি āϞৈ āĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āϤাāĻ āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ āĻাāĻঁāĻ āϏিংāĻšā§° āĻোāύো āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύ āύাāĻ। āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻো āύাāĻাāύে āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻĒাāĻāϞ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ)
IV. Simple Present Tense
(āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ)
Study these sentences from the lesson.
(āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻ
āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻā§°āĻ)
● A fight breaks out between two monkeys.
(āĻĻুāĻা āĻŦাāύ্āĻĻā§°ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻাāĻিāϝ়া āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšāϝ়)
● Film songs blare out from the radios.
(āĻāϞāĻ্āĻিāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻাāύāĻŦোā§° ā§°েāĻĄিāĻ
'ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāϞাāĻ āĻāĻšে)
● I wash it down with Coca-Cola.
(āĻŽāĻ āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻোāĻা-āĻোāϞাā§°ে āϧুāĻ āĻĒেāϞাāĻāĻো)
The italicised verbs are in the simple present tense. The writer is here describing what he saw and heard but he uses the present tense instead of the past tense A narration or a story can be made more dramatic or immediate by using the present tense in this way.
(āĻāĻাāϞিāĻাāĻāĻāĻĄ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦোā§° āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞāϤ āĻĨাāĻে। āϞেāĻāĻāĻāύে āĻāϝ়াāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āϝি āĻĻেāĻিāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻļুāύিāĻিāϞ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤেāĻঁ āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻাāϞāĻো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ে āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻাāϞāĻ āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻāĻা āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻŦা āĻাāĻšিāύী āĻ
āϧিāĻ āύাāĻāĻীāϝ় āĻŦা āϤাā§āĻ্āώāĻŖিāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি)
Now look at the following sentences.
(āĻāϤিāϝ়া āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻাāĻāĻ)
● A small shrine half protrudes from the stone platform on the riverbank.
(āύāĻĻীā§° āĻĒাā§°āϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্āϞেāĻāĻĢā§°্āĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻা āϏ⧰ু āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§° āĻāϧা āĻāϞাāĻ āĻāĻে)
● Small shops stand on the outer edge of the Stupa.
(āϏ⧰ু āĻĻোāĻাāύāĻŦোā§° āώ্āĻুāĻĒাā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ā§° āĻাāώāϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšৈ āĻāĻে)
We use the simple present tense to speak about what is usually or generally true. The sentences above describe facts. We also use the simple present tense in sentences depicting 'universal truths'. For example:
(āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻŦা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āϏঁāĻা āĻি āϏেāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻŽি āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ। āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§°ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ে। āĻāĻŽি 'āϏাā§°্āĻŦāĻāύীāύ āϏāϤ্āϝ' āĻĻেāĻুāĻā§ąা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύāĻাāϞāĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°োঁ। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে)
● The sun rises in the east.
(āĻĒূāĻŦāϤ āϏূā§°্āϝ āĻāĻĻāϝ় āĻšāϝ়)
● The earth revolves round the sun.
(āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীāϏূā§°্āϝ⧰ āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻূā§°ি āĻĨাāĻে)
We can also refer to habitual actions using the simple present tense.
(āĻāĻŽি āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ি āĻ
āĻ্āϝাāϏāĻāϤ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻŦোā§°ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ)
● He usually takes a train instead of a bus to work.
(āϤেāĻঁ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻাāĻŽāĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāĻā§° āϏāϞāύি ā§°েāϞ āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়)
●We often get fine drizzles in winter.
(āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞāϤ āϏূāĻ্āώ্āĻŽ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āĻĒাāĻঁ)
In these sentences words like everyday, often, seldom, never, every month, generally, usually, etc. may be used.
(āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻĻৈāύāύ্āĻĻিāύ, āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে, āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦাāĻšে, āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āύāĻšāϝ়, āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŽাāĻšে, āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে, āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে)
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
(āĻŦ্ā§°েāĻেāĻāϤ āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াā§° āϏāĻ িāĻ ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ)
(i) The heart is a pump that _____________ (send) the blood circulating through our body. The pumping action ______________ (contract). This _______________ (force) the blood out into the arteries, which ______________ (expand) to receive the oncoming blood.
(āĻšৃāĻĻāϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻ āĻĒাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āϝি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻļā§°ীā§°ā§° āĻŽাāĻেā§°ে āĻŦিāϝ়āĻĒি āĻĨāĻা āϤেāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒাāĻŽ্āĻĒিং āĻাā§°্āϝ (āĻুāĻ্āϤি)। āĻāĻ (āĻŦāϞ) āϤেāĻ āϧāĻŽāύীāϞৈ āĻāϞাāĻ āϝাāϝ়, āϝি āĻāĻšি āĻĨāĻা āϤেāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাā§°িāϤ) āĻšāϝ়)
(ii) The African lungfish can live without water for up to four years. During a drought it ____________(dig) a pit and _____________(enclose) itself in a capsule of slime and earth, leaving a tiny opening for air. The capsule ____________ (dry) and _____________ (harden), but when rain _____________ (come), the mud ______________(dissolve) and the lungfish ___________(swim) away.
(āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻাāύ āϞুংāĻĢিāĻে āĻাā§°ি āĻŦāĻā§°āϞৈāĻে āĻĒাāύী āĻ
āĻŦিāĻšāύে āĻীāϝ়াāĻ āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻā§°াāĻā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻ āĻāĻা āĻাঁāϤ (āĻāύāύ) āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āϏ্āϞাāĻāĻŽ āĻā§°ু āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻেāĻĒāĻুāϞāĻāĻাāϤ āύিāĻāĻে āĻā§ąāĻĻ্āϧ āĻā§°ে, āϝাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦাāϝ়ুā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্ā§° āĻŽুāĻāϞি āĻšāϝ়। (āĻāĻ িāύ), āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ (āĻāĻšে), āĻŦোāĻা (āĻĻ্ā§°ā§ąীāĻূāϤ) āĻā§°ু āϞুংāĻĢিāĻ (āϏাঁāϤুā§°ি) āĻঁāϤ⧰ি āϝাāϝ়)
(iii) MAHESH: We have to organise a class party for our teacher. ___________ (Do) anyone play an instrument?
(āĻŽāĻšেāĻļ: āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻা āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী āĻĒাā§°্āĻিāĻāϝ়োāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ। (āĻā§°āĻ) āϝিāĻোāύো āϞোāĻে āĻāĻা āĻŦাāĻĻ্āϝāϝāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻŦāĻাāϝ়)
VIPUL Rohit ___________(play) the flute.
(āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ ā§°োāĻšিāϤ (āĻŦāĻাāĻāĻ) āĻŦাঁāĻšী)
MAHESH: ____________ (Do) he also act?
(āĻŽāĻšেāĻļ: (āĻā§°āĻ) āϤেāĻঁ āĻ
āĻিāύāϝ়ো āĻā§°ে)
VIPUL : No, he ___________ (compose) music.
(āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ : āύāĻšāϝ়, āϤেāĻঁ (āϏংāĻীāϤ ā§°āĻāύা āĻā§°ে)
MAHESH: That's wonderful!
(āĻŽāĻšেāĻļ: āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻā§°িāϤ)
Speaking
(āĻāĻĨা āĻোā§ąা)
1. Discuss in class the shrines you have visited or know about. Speak about one of them.
(āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻŦা āĻāύা āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāϤ āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻāĻাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻঁāĻ)
2. Imagine you are giving an eyewitness account or a running commentary of one of the following:
(āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻā§°āĻ āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝāĻ্āώāĻĻā§°্āĻļীā§° āĻŦিā§ąā§°āĻŖ āĻŦা āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻāĻাā§° āĻāϞāĻŽাāύ āĻাāώ্āϝ āĻĻি āĻāĻে)
(i) a game of football, cricket or hockey, or some sports event
(āĻĢুāĻāĻŦāϞ, āĻ্ā§°িāĻেāĻ āĻŦা āĻšāĻী, āĻŦা āĻোāύো āĻ্ā§°ীāĻĄ়া āĻ
āύুāώ্āĻ াāύ⧰ āĻেāϞ)
(ii) a parade (e.g. Republic Day) or some other national event
(āĻāĻা āĻĒেā§°েāĻĄ (āϝেāύে āĻāĻŖāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§° āĻĻিā§ąāϏ) āĻŦা āĻāύ āĻোāύো ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻ
āύুāώ্āĻ াāύ)
Speak a few sentences narrating what you see and hear. Use the simple present and the present continuous tenses. For example:
(āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻি āĻĻেāĻিāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻļুāύিāĻে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°ি āĻেāĻāĻাāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻঁāĻ। āϏ⧰āϞ āĻāĻĒāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ু āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āύিā§°āύ্āϤ⧰ āĻাāϞāĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°āĻ। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে)
● He passes the ball but Ben gets in the way...
(āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦāϞāĻো āĻĒাāĻ āĻā§°ে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦেāύ āĻŦাāĻāϤ āĻĒā§°ে...)
● These brave soldiers guard our frontiers. They display their skills here...
(āĻāĻ āϏাāĻšāϏী āϏৈāύিāĻāϏāĻāϞে āĻāĻŽাā§° āϏীāĻŽাāϤ āĻĒāĻšā§°া āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻāϝ়াāϤ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āĻā§°ে...)
Post ID:DABP002098