Chapter 11

Work and Energy

Exercises


1. Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your understanding of the term 'work'. 
āϤāϞāϤ āϤাāϞিāĻ•াāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•াā§°্āϝāĻ•āϞাāĻĒāĻŦোā§° āϚাāĻ“āĻ•। 'āĻ•াāĻŽ' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦুāϜিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώিāϤāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় āύে āύāĻšāϝ় āϤাā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ। 

Suma is swimming in a pond. 
āϏুāĻŽাāχ āĻāϟা āĻĒুāĻ–ুā§°ীāϤ āϏাঁāϤুā§°ি āφāĻ›ে। 

A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
āĻāϟা āĻ—াāϧāχ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒিāĻ িāϤ āĻāϟা āĻŦোāϜা āϞৈ āφāĻ›ে।

A wind-mill is lifting water from a well. 
āĻŦāϤাāĻš-āĻ•āϞ āĻāϟাāχ āĻ•ুঁā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒাāύী āϤুāϞি āφāĻ›ে। 

A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis. 
āϏেāωāϜীāϝ়া āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻে āϏাāϞোāĻ• āϏংāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। 

An engine is pulling a train. Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
āĻāϟা āχāĻž্āϜিāύে ā§°েāϞ āĻāĻ–āύ āϟাāύি āφāĻ›ে। āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝāĻļāϏ্āϝ ā§°'āĻĻāϤ āĻļুāĻ•াāχ āĻ—ৈ āφāĻ›ে।

A sailboat is moving due to wind energy. 
āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒাāϞāύাāĻ“ āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। 


2. An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?
āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻāĻ• āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•োāĻŖāϤ āύিāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āϕ⧰া āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāϟা āĻŦāĻ•্ā§° āĻĒāĻĨāϤ āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϟিāϞৈ āϘূā§°ি āϝাāϝ়। āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟāϟোā§° āĻĒāĻĨā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°āĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϤিāĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻ•েāϟা āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি ā§°েāĻ–াāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāϕ⧰্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ•ি āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?
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3. A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involvedin the process. 
āĻāϟা āĻŦেāϟাā§°ীāϝ়ে āĻāϟা āĻŦাāϞ্āĻŦ āϞাāχāϟ āϕ⧰ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāϟোā§° āϏৈāϤে āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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4. Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m s¹ to 2 m s¹. Calculate the work done by the force.
20 āĻ•িāϞোāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦেāĻ— 5 āĻŽিāϟাā§° ¹ āĻĒā§°া 2 āĻŽিāϟাā§° ¹ āϞৈ āϏāϞāύি āϕ⧰ে। āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϕ⧰া āĻ•াāĻŽāĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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5. A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force? Explain your answer.
āϟেāĻŦুāϞāĻāĻ–āύāϤ 10 āĻ•িāϞোāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽā§° āĻāϟা āĻ­ā§° āĻ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻāϟা āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦিāϞৈ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϝāĻĻি āĻ āφ⧰ু āĻŦি-āϤ āϝোāĻ—āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া ā§°েāĻ–াāϟো āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি āĻšāϝ়, āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāϕ⧰্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟāϟোā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•ি āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়? āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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6. The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why?
āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻāϟাā§° āϏাāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽাāύ্āĻŦāϝ়ে āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āĻšāϝ়। āχ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āφāχāύ āωāϞংāϘা āϕ⧰ে āύেāĻ•ি? āĻ•িāϝ়?
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7. What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a bicycle?
āφāĻĒুāύি āϚাāχāĻ•েāϞ āϚāϞোā§ąাāϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻ•ি?
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8. Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all your might and fail to move it? Where is the energy you spend going?
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āφāĻĒুāύি āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§°ে āĻāϟা āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻļিāϞ āĻ েāϞি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻŦিāĻĢāϞ āĻšāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻšāϝ় āύেāĻ•ি? āφāĻĒুāύি āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āϕ⧰া āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•'āϤ āφāĻ›ে?
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9. A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this in joules?
āĻāϟা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞে āĻāĻŽাāĻšāϤ 250 āχāωāύিāϟ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχāϟো āϜুāϞāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি?
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10. An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-way down.
āĻŽাāϟিā§° āĻĒā§°া 5 āĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞৈ 40 āĻ•িāϞোāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāϟা āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϞৈ āωāĻ া āĻšāϝ়। āχāϝ়াā§° āϏাāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•ি? āϝāĻĻি āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟāϟো āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ—āϤিāĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ“āĻ• āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āχ āφāϧা-āĻĒāĻĨ āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
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11. What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth? Justify your answer.
āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āϘূā§°ি āĻĨāĻ•া āωāĻĒāĻ—্ā§°āĻšā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāϕ⧰্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻ•ি āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে? āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āϟো āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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12. Can there be displacement of an object in the absence of any force acting on it? Think. Discuss this question with your friends and teacher.
āĻ•োāύো āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āύāϕ⧰িāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ িāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে? āϚিāύ্āϤা। āĻāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāϟো āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻŦā§°্āĻ— āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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13. A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not? Justify your answer.
āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে 30 āĻŽিāύিāϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽূā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϘাঁāĻšā§° āĻ—োāϟ āĻāϟা āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–ে āφ⧰ু āĻ­াāĻ—ā§°ি āĻĒā§°ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āύে āύাāχ? āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āϟো āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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14. An electric heater is rated 1500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hours?
 āĻāϟা āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝুāϤিāĻ• āĻšিāϟাā§°āĻ• 1500 āĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāω ā§°েāϟিং āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āχ 10 āϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ে?
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15. Illustrate the law of conservation of energy by discussing the energy changes which occur when we draw a pendulum bob to one side and allow it to oscillate. Why does the bob eventually come to rest? What happens to its energy eventually? Is it a violation of the law of conservation of energy?
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āφāĻŽি āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄুāϞাāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŦ āĻāϟা āĻāĻĢাāϞে āϟাāύি āφāύোঁ āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻĻোāĻĻুāϞ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāĻ“ঁ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšোā§ąা āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰ি āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽāϟো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•। āĻŦāĻŦāϟো āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻ•িāϝ় āĻŦিāĻļ্ā§°াāĻŽ āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻšে? āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āχāϝ়াā§° āĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ•ি āĻšāϝ়? āĻāχāϟো āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āφāχāύ⧰ āωāϞংāϘāύ āύেāĻ•ি?
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16. An object of mass, m is moving with a constant velocity, v. How much work should be done on the object in order to bring the object to rest?
āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻāϟা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻāĻŽ āĻāϟা āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻŦেāĻ—েā§°ে āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে, āĻŦāύাāĻŽ। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟāϟোā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ?
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17. Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity of 60 km/h?
60 āĻ•িāĻŽি/āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻŦেāĻ—āϤ āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āϕ⧰া 1500 āĻ•িāϞোāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ ā§°āĻ–াāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ•াāĻŽāĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•?
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18. In each of the following a force, F is acting on an object of mass, m. The direction of displacement is from west to east shown by the longer arrow. Observe the diagrams carefully and state whether the work done by the force is negative, positive or zero.
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϟো āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϤ, āĻāĻĢ-āĻ āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻāϟাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে, āĻāĻŽ. āϏ্āĻĨাāύāϚ্āϝুāϤিā§° āĻĻিāĻļ āĻĻীāϘāϞ āĻ•াāĻĄ়ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–ুāĻ“ā§ąা āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒূā§ąāϞৈ। āύāĻ•্āϏাāĻŦোā§° āϏাā§ąāϧাāύে āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϕ⧰া āĻ•াāĻŽāĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•, āϧāύাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύে āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻšāϝ় āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰āĻ•।
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19. Soni says that the acceleration in an object could be zero even when several forces are acting on it. Do you agree with her? Why?
āϚোāύীāϝ়ে āĻ•āϝ় āϝে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āϤ্āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āφāύāĻ•ি āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϟাāĻ“ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϝ়ে āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। āφāĻĒুāύি āϤাāχ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āύেāĻ•ি? āĻ•িāϝ়?
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20. Find the energy in kW h consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W each.
10 āϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϤ āĻĒাā§ąাā§° 500 āĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāω⧰ āϚাā§°িāϟা āĻĄিāĻ­াāχāϚ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻ•েāĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāω āĻāχāϚ-āϤ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•।
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21. A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happenes to its kinetic energy? 
āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒā§°ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāϟা āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻŽাāϟিāϤ āωāĻĒāύীāϤ āĻšোā§ąাāϤ ā§°ৈ āϝাāϝ়। āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ—āϤিāĻļāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻ•ি āĻšāϝ়? 
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Question Type By Parina Hazarika 


Post ID : DABP002936