Chapter 11
Work and Energy
Exercises
1. Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your understanding of the term 'work'.
āϤāϞāϤ āϤাāϞিāĻাāĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻাā§°্āϝāĻāϞাāĻĒāĻŦোā§° āĻাāĻāĻ। 'āĻাāĻŽ' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻোā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦুāĻিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ্āώিāϤāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ় āύে āύāĻšāϝ় āϤাā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖ।
Suma is swimming in a pond.
āϏুāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻা āĻĒুāĻুā§°ীāϤ āϏাঁāϤুā§°ি āĻāĻে।
A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
āĻāĻা āĻাāϧāĻ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒিāĻ িāϤ āĻāĻা āĻŦোāĻা āϞৈ āĻāĻে।
A wind-mill is lifting water from a well.
āĻŦāϤাāĻš-āĻāϞ āĻāĻাāĻ āĻুঁā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒাāύী āϤুāϞি āĻāĻে।
A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
āϏেāĻāĻীāϝ়া āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻে āϏাāϞোāĻ āϏংāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে।
An engine is pulling a train. Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
āĻāĻা āĻāĻ্āĻিāύে ā§°েāϞ āĻāĻāύ āĻাāύি āĻāĻে। āĻাāĻĻ্āϝāĻļāϏ্āϝ ā§°'āĻĻāϤ āĻļুāĻাāĻ āĻৈ āĻāĻে।
A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.
āĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖে āĻāĻāύ āĻĒাāϞāύাāĻ āĻāϞাāĻāϞ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে।
2. An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground. The initial and the final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?
āĻŽাāĻিā§° āĻāĻ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻোāĻŖāϤ āύিāĻ্āώেāĻĒ āĻā§°া āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāĻা āĻŦāĻ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĨāϤ āĻāϞাāĻāϞ āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻিāϞৈ āĻূā§°ি āϝাāϝ়। āĻ
āĻŦāĻেāĻ্āĻāĻোā§° āĻĒāĻĨā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°āĻŽ্āĻিāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻ
āύ্āϤিāĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻেāĻা āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি ā§°েāĻাāϤ āĻĨাāĻে। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻোā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻā§°্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻি āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়?
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3. A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involvedin the process.
āĻāĻা āĻŦেāĻাā§°ীāϝ়ে āĻāĻা āĻŦাāϞ্āĻŦ āϞাāĻāĻ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻোā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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4. Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 m s¹ to 2 m s¹. Calculate the work done by the force.
20 āĻিāϞোāĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŦেāĻ 5 āĻŽিāĻাā§° ¹ āĻĒā§°া 2 āĻŽিāĻাā§° ¹ āϞৈ āϏāϞāύি āĻā§°ে। āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻā§°া āĻাāĻŽāĻāĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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5. A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force? Explain your answer.
āĻেāĻŦুāϞāĻāĻāύāϤ 10 āĻিāϞোāĻ্ā§°াāĻŽā§° āĻāĻা āĻā§° āĻ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāϤ āĻĨাāĻে। āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻāĻা āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŦিāϞৈ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে। āϝāĻĻি āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŦি-āϤ āϝোāĻāĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া ā§°েāĻাāĻো āĻĒāĻĨাāϞি āĻšāϝ়, āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻā§°্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ
āĻŦāĻেāĻ্āĻāĻোā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻি āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়? āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°āĻ।
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6. The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why?
āĻŽুāĻ্āϤāĻাā§ąে āĻĒā§°ি āĻĨāĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻāĻাā§° āϏাāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦ্āϝ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻ্ā§°āĻŽাāύ্āĻŦāϝ়ে āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞংāĻা āĻā§°ে āύেāĻি? āĻিāϝ়?
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7. What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a bicycle?
āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻাāĻāĻেāϞ āĻāϞোā§ąাāϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻি?
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8. Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all your might and fail to move it? Where is the energy you spend going?
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āϏāĻāϞো āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§°ে āĻāĻা āĻĄাāĻā§° āĻļিāϞ āĻ েāϞি āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻā§°াāϤ āĻŦিāĻĢāϞ āĻšāϝ় āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻšāϝ় āύেāĻি? āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻā§°া āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻ'āϤ āĻāĻে?
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9. A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this in joules?
āĻāĻা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞে āĻāĻŽাāĻšāϤ 250 āĻāĻāύিāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻāĻো āĻুāϞāϤ āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ্āϤি?
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10. An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-way down.
āĻŽাāĻিā§° āĻĒā§°া 5 āĻŽিāĻাā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ 40 āĻিāϞোāĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāĻা āĻāĻĒā§°āϞৈ āĻāĻ া āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϝ়াā§° āϏাāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦ্āϝ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻি? āϝāĻĻি āĻ
āĻŦāĻেāĻ্āĻāĻো āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়, āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāϤিāĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻāĻ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ āĻāϧা-āĻĒāĻĨ āϤāϞāϞৈ āĻĨাāĻে।
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11. What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth? Justify your answer.
āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āĻাā§°িāĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻূā§°ি āĻĨāĻা āĻāĻĒāĻ্ā§°āĻšā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻā§°্āώāĻŖ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻি āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°িāĻে? āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻো āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏāĻ্āĻāϤ āĻā§°āĻ।
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12. Can there be displacement of an object in the absence of any force acting on it? Think. Discuss this question with your friends and teacher.
āĻোāύো āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āύāĻā§°িāϞে āĻোāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤ⧰ িāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েāύে? āĻিāύ্āϤা। āĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻো āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻŦā§°্āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°āĻ।
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13. A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not? Justify your answer.
āĻāĻāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে 30 āĻŽিāύিāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽূā§°ā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাঁāĻšā§° āĻোāĻ āĻāĻা āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻā§°ি āĻĒā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻিāĻŦা āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°িāĻে āύে āύাāĻ? āĻāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻো āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏāĻ্āĻāϤ āĻā§°āĻ।
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14. An electric heater is rated 1500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hours?
āĻāĻা āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝুāϤিāĻ āĻšিāĻাā§°āĻ 1500 āĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāĻ ā§°েāĻিং āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ 10 āĻāĻŖ্āĻাāϤ āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ে?
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15. Illustrate the law of conservation of energy by discussing the energy changes which occur when we draw a pendulum bob to one side and allow it to oscillate. Why does the bob eventually come to rest? What happens to its energy eventually? Is it a violation of the law of conservation of energy?
āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻāĻŽি āĻĒেāĻŖ্āĻĄুāϞাāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŦ āĻāĻা āĻāĻĢাāϞে āĻাāύি āĻāύোঁ āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াāĻ āĻĻোāĻĻুāϞ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻিāĻঁ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšোā§ąা āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°ি āĻļāĻ্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖā§° āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻো āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ। āĻŦāĻŦāĻো āĻ
ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻিāϝ় āĻŦিāĻļ্ā§°াāĻŽ āϞ'āĻŦāϞৈ āĻāĻšে? āĻ
ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻি āĻšāϝ়? āĻāĻāĻো āĻļāĻ্āϤি āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖā§° āĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻāϞংāĻāύ āύেāĻি?
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16. An object of mass, m is moving with a constant velocity, v. How much work should be done on the object in order to bring the object to rest?
āĻā§°ā§° āĻāĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻা āϏ্āĻĨিā§° āĻŦেāĻেā§°ে āĻāϞাāĻāϞ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে, āĻŦāύাāĻŽ। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻোāĻ āĻŦিāĻļ্ā§°াāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ
āĻŦāĻেāĻ্āĻāĻোā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻিāĻŽাāύ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻāĻিāϤ?
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17. Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity of 60 km/h?
60 āĻিāĻŽি/āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻŦেāĻāϤ āĻāϞাāĻāϞ āĻā§°া 1500 āĻিāϞোāĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ ā§°āĻাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻাāĻŽāĻāĻŖāύা āĻā§°āĻ?
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18. In each of the following a force, F is acting on an object of mass, m. The direction of displacement is from west to east shown by the longer arrow. Observe the diagrams carefully and state whether the work done by the force is negative, positive or zero.
āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻিāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻো āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϤ, āĻāĻĢ-āĻ āĻā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে, āĻāĻŽ. āϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻ্āϝুāϤিā§° āĻĻিāĻļ āĻĻীāĻāϞ āĻাāĻĄ়ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĻেāĻুāĻā§ąা āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒূā§ąāϞৈ। āύāĻ্āϏাāĻŦোā§° āϏাā§ąāϧাāύে āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻŦেāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻā§°āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŦāϞ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻā§°া āĻাāĻŽāĻāĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ, āϧāύাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āύে āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻšāϝ় āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°āĻ।
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19. Soni says that the acceleration in an object could be zero even when several forces are acting on it. Do you agree with her? Why?
āĻোāύীāϝ়ে āĻāϝ় āϝে āĻোāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āϤ্āĻŦā§°āĻŖ āĻļূāύ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āĻāύāĻি āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻেāĻāĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϝ়ে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে। āĻāĻĒুāύি āϤাāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āύেāĻি? āĻিāϝ়?
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20. Find the energy in kW h consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W each.
10 āĻāĻŖ্āĻাāϤ āĻĒাā§ąাā§° 500 āĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāĻā§° āĻাā§°িāĻা āĻĄিāĻাāĻāĻā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻেāĻĄāĻŦ্āϞিāĻ āĻāĻāĻ-āϤ āĻļāĻ্āϤি āĻŦিāĻাā§°āĻ।
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21. A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happenes to its kinetic energy?
āĻŽুāĻ্āϤāĻাā§ąে āĻĒā§°ি āĻĨāĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāĻা āĻ
ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻŽাāĻিāϤ āĻāĻĒāύীāϤ āĻšোā§ąাāϤ ā§°ৈ āϝাāϝ়। āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāϤিāĻļāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻি āĻšāϝ়?
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Question Type By Parina Hazarika
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